1
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Javahershenas R, Makarem A, Klika KD. Recent advances in microwave-assisted multicomponent synthesis of spiro heterocycles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5547-5565. [PMID: 38357035 PMCID: PMC10866134 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Spiro heterocycle frameworks are a class of organic compounds that possesses unique structural features making them highly sought-after targets in drug discovery due to their diverse biological and pharmacological activities. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis has emerged as a powerful tool for assembling complex molecular architectures. The use of microwave irradiation in synthetic chemistry is a promising method for accelerating reaction rates and improving yields. This review provides insights into the current state of the art and highlights the potential of microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions in the synthesis of novel spiro heterocyclic compounds that were reported between 2017 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Javahershenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Ata Makarem
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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2
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Azomethine Ylides-Versatile Synthons for Pyrrolidinyl-Heterocyclic Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020668. [PMID: 36677727 PMCID: PMC9866015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Azomethine ylides are nitrogen-based three-atom components commonly used in [3+2]-cycloaddition reactions with various unsaturated 2π-electron components. These reactions are highly regio- and stereoselective and have attracted the attention of organic chemists with respect to the construction of diverse heterocycles potentially bearing four new contiguous stereogenic centers. This review article complies the most important [3+2]-cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides with various olefinic, unsaturated 2π-electron components (acyclic, alicyclic, heterocyclic, and exocyclic ones) reported over the past two decades.
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3
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Recent update on the role of N-methyl glycine as a building block for the construction of N-heterocyclic frameworks. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Wang X, Dong Y, Zeng W, Zhang X, Zhou M, Chen K. The crystal structure of dimethylammonium 8-[(7,9-dioxo-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylidene)methyl]-9-oxo-6,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-7-olate, C 19H 25NO 8. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C19H25NO8, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.149(2) Å, b = 12.338(3) Å, c = 15.898(3) Å, β = 97.58(3)°, V = 1973.2(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0581, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1842, T = 293(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering , Weifang University , Weifang , Shandong 261061 , P. R. China
| | - Yani Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering , Weifang University , Weifang , Shandong 261061 , P. R. China
| | - Wulan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering , Weifang University , Weifang , Shandong 261061 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering , Weifang University , Weifang , Shandong 261061 , P. R. China
| | - Mengying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering , Weifang University , Weifang , Shandong 261061 , P. R. China
| | - Keyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering , Weifang University , Weifang , Shandong 261061 , P. R. China
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5
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Anwar S, Lin LT, Srinivasadesikan V, Gudise VB, Chen K. [3+2] regioselective annulation reaction of 2-arylidene-1,3-indandiones towards synthesis of spirocyclopentenes: understanding the mechanism of γ-attack vs. α-attack using DFT studies. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38648-38653. [PMID: 35493224 PMCID: PMC9044273 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A regioselective [3+2] cyclisation reaction between 2-arylidene-1,3-indanedione and ethyl 2,3-butadienoate catalysed by triphenylphosphine has been demonstrated to synthesize functionalised spirocyclic cyclopentenes. The reaction tolerated various electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl substituted 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones with high to excellent chemical yields (up to 99%) and moderate to good regioselectivity (up to 5 : 1). DFT studies have also been carried out to understand the regioselective nature of this reaction. The results of Frontier molecular orbital calculations and the activation energy (E a) favour the formation of compound 3avia γ-attack compared to that of 4avia α-attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Anwar
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research-VFSTR (Deemed to be University) Vadlamudi-522 213 Guntur Andhra Pradesh India http://www.vignan.ac.in/bshanwar.php +91-8632344700
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University 88 Sec. 4, TingChow Road Taipei Taiwan 116 ROC +86-2-29324249 +86-2-7734-6124
| | - Li-Tzu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University 88 Sec. 4, TingChow Road Taipei Taiwan 116 ROC +86-2-29324249 +86-2-7734-6124
| | - V Srinivasadesikan
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research-VFSTR (Deemed to be University) Vadlamudi-522 213 Guntur Andhra Pradesh India http://www.vignan.ac.in/bshanwar.php +91-8632344700
| | - Veera Babu Gudise
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research-VFSTR (Deemed to be University) Vadlamudi-522 213 Guntur Andhra Pradesh India http://www.vignan.ac.in/bshanwar.php +91-8632344700
| | - Kwunmin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University 88 Sec. 4, TingChow Road Taipei Taiwan 116 ROC +86-2-29324249 +86-2-7734-6124
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6
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Hamama WS, Hassanien AE, Zoorob HH. Regiochemistry in Cycloaddition Reaction to Synthesize of Some Novel Lawsone-Spiro Compounds. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2005639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S. Hamama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Alaa E. Hassanien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanafi H. Zoorob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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7
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Lambat TL, Chopra PKPG, Mahmood SH. Microwave: A Green Contrivance for the Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Compounds. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200622114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microwave Mediated Organic Synthesis (MMOS) is typical on the proficient heat
shift carried out by dielectric heating, which in turn, is primarily dependent on the capability
of the reagent or solvent to take up microwave energy. The employment of microwave energy
has witnessed a fast expansion in the past two decades, with novel and pioneering
applications in peptide and organic synthesis, material sciences, polymer chemistry, biochemical
processes and nanotechnology. This review summarizes current MW- mediated
catalytic reactions in use for the synthesis of a diversity of N-heterocycles by Multi-
Component Reactions (MCRs) and a variety of miscellaneous reactions. In addition, the
review addresses some aspects of the use of nanoparticles for a diversity of applications in
microwave chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trimurti L. Lambat
- Department of Chemistry, Manoharbhai Patel College of Arts, Commerce & Science, Deori, Gondia 441901, Maharashtra, India
| | - Paavan Kavi Param Gaitry Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Government Institute of Science, Civil lines, Rabindranath Tagore Road, Nagpur 440001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sami H. Mahmood
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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8
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Meera G, Rohit KR, Saranya S, Anilkumar G. Microwave assisted synthesis of five membered nitrogen heterocycles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36031-36041. [PMID: 35517065 PMCID: PMC9057010 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05150k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our continuously changing environment demands sensible and sustainable chemistry. Consequently, organic synthesis started to follow green chemistry principles in recent years. It is observed that microwave (MW) radiation has been widely used as a source of energy in organic synthesis in the past decade. The MW heating approach has evolved into a new green method in organic synthesis since it provides short reaction time, high yields, and high product purities along with a decrease in the rate of by-product formation. Solvent-free reaction protocols worked well under MW irradiation. All these features make MW assisted organic synthesis an environment-friendly approach. In organic synthesis, heterocycles are vital targets especially nitrogen-containing ones because of their prominent presence in natural products and widespread applications in pharmaceutical industries. Five membered nitrogen heterocycles include pyrroles, oxazoles, pyrrolidones, etc. among which pyrroles are the most important ones due to their potent biological properties. Even though there are a variety of reaction protocols for the synthesis of pyrroles, a significant development materialized in MW assisted synthesis of pyrroles in the past few years. In this review, we focus on the developments in MW assisted synthesis of pyrroles and other five-membered nitrogen heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinadh Meera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O. Kottayam Kerala 686 560 India +91-481-273 1036
| | - K R Rohit
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O. Kottayam Kerala 686 560 India +91-481-273 1036
| | - Salim Saranya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O. Kottayam Kerala 686 560 India +91-481-273 1036
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O. Kottayam Kerala 686 560 India +91-481-273 1036.,Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O. Kottayam Kerala 686 560 India.,Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O. Kottayam Kerala 686 560 India
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9
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Vivek Kumar S, Banerjee S, Punniyamurthy T. Transition metal-catalyzed coupling of heterocyclic alkenes via C–H functionalization: recent trends and applications. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic alkenes and their derivatives are an important class of reactive feedstock and valuable synthons. This review highlights the transition-metal-catalyzed coupling of heterocyclic alkenes via a C–H functionalization strategy.
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10
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Soni JP, Chemitikanti KS, Joshi SV, Shankaraiah N. The microwave-assisted syntheses and applications of non-fused single-nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9737-9761. [PMID: 33211792 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microwave technology has emerged as a great tool for the efficient synthesis of organic compounds and it provides opportunities for chemists to achieve chemical transformations that tend to be challenging using classical approaches. Additionally, N-heterocycles are well-known for their medicinal/biological significance, along with their applications as excellent building blocks in chemical synthesis. The dominance of N-heterocycles in drug molecules and other pharmacological agents makes them attractive scaffolds, which encourages chemists to develop a wide range of strategies towards the greener synthesis and functionalization of these heterocycles. In this regard, we have collated and discussed literature relating to the microwave-assisted synthesis and the modification of non-(benzo)fused single-nitrogen-containing N-heterocycles from the past decade. The role of the microwave technique and its benefits over the conventional approach have also been emphasized in terms of overall reaction efficiency, reaction time, yield, reduced side-product generation, neat and clean reactions, chemo-/regio-/enantio-selectivity, and the use of mild reagents/reaction conditions to achieve the objectives of green and sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad - 500037, India.
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11
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Das S. Recent applications of ninhydrin in multicomponent reactions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18875-18906. [PMID: 35518326 PMCID: PMC9054093 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02930k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninhydrin (1,2,3-indanetrione hydrate) has a remarkable breadth in different fields, including organic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry and the forensic sciences. For the past several years, it has been considered an important building block in organic synthesis. Therefore, there is increasing interest in ninhydrin-based multicomponent reactions to rapidly build versatile scaffolds. Most of the works described here are simple reactions with readily available starting materials that result in complex molecular architectures. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibit interesting biological activities and constitute a new hope for anticancer agents. The present review aims to highlight the multicomponent reactions of ninhydrin towards diverse organic molecules during the period from 2014 to 2019. This article aims to review recent multicomponent reactions of ninhydrin towards diverse organic scaffolds, such as indeno-fused heterocycles, spiro-indeno heterocycles, quinoxalines, propellanes, cage-like compounds, and dispiro heterocycles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Suven Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Rishi Bankim Chandra College for Women
- India
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12
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Mendes JA, Merino P, Soler T, Salustiano EJ, Costa PRR, Yus M, Foubelo F, Buarque CD. Enantioselective Synthesis, DFT Calculations, and Preliminary Antineoplastic Activity of Dibenzo 1-Azaspiro[4.5]decanes on Drug-Resistant Leukemias. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2219-2233. [PMID: 30652863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The addition of 2-bromobenzylmagnesium bromide to chiral N- tert-butanesulfinyl imines derived from tetralone-type ketones proceeds with high levels of diastereocontrol. The resulting sulfinamide derivatives were transformed into dibenzoazaspiro compounds after a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular N-arylation. DFT calculations have been performed to rationalize the stereochemical course of the reaction. Similar results have been obtained considering either diethyl ether or toluene as a solvent, in both cases in an excellent agreement with experimental findings. NCI topological calculations have also been used to evidence crucial noncovalent interactions. In addition, the azaspiro compounds reduced the viability of chronic myeloid leukemia cells in the micromolar range. Notably, both the halogen-substituted ( R)- and ( S)-8g and -8h as well as ( R)-8j were at least two times more effective on a multidrug-resistant derivative than on the parental cell line, exerting a collateral sensitivity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseane A Mendes
- Department of Chemistry , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Puc-Rio , CEP 22435-900 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI) , Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias , Campus San Francisco , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Tatiana Soler
- Servicios Técnicos de Investigación , Universidad de Alicante , Apdo. 99 , 03080 Alicante , Spain
| | - Eduardo J Salustiano
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Health Science Center , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ , CEP 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Paulo R R Costa
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Nucleus of Research of Natural Products, Health Science Center , Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ , CEP 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Miguel Yus
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Alicante , Apdo. 99 , 03080 Alicante , Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Alicante , Apdo. 99 , 03080 Alicante , Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Alicante , Apdo. 99 , 03080 Alicante , Spain.,Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) , Universidad de Alicante , Apdo. 99 , 03080 Alicante , Spain
| | - Camilla D Buarque
- Department of Chemistry , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Puc-Rio , CEP 22435-900 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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13
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Abstract
Polycyclic structures fused at a central carbon are of great interest due to their appealing conformational features and their structural implications in biological systems. Although progress in the development of synthetic methodologies towards such structures has been impressive, the stereoselective construction of such quaternary stereocentres remains a significant challenge in the total synthesis of natural products. This review summarises a series of studies on the reactions of 1H-pyrrole-2,3- diones with nucleophiles and highlights the progress in the formation of new polyheterocyclic compounds with concomitant formation of the quaternary spiro centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya V. Konovalova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Korolev Street 3, Perm 614013, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey N. Maslivets
- Perm State National Research University, Bukirev Street 15, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
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14
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Berrino E, Supuran CT. Advances in microwave-assisted synthesis and the impact of novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:861-873. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1494721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Berrino
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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15
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Gálvez J, Polo S, Insuasty B, Gutiérrez M, Cáceres D, Alzate-Morales JH, De-la-Torre P, Quiroga J. Design, facile synthesis, and evaluation of novel spiro- and pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines as cholinesterase inhibitors: Molecular docking and MM/GBSA studies. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 74:218-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Maharani S, Vivek Kumar S, Almansour AI, Suresh Kumar R, Kandasamy A, Ranjith Kumar R. Synthesis of penta- and tetra-cyclic cage-like compounds and dispiro heterocycles through microwave-assisted solvent-free multi-component domino reactions. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel penta- and tetra-cyclic cage-like compounds and dispiro heterocycles were obtained as a result of a microwave-assisted three-component domino reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seeni Maharani
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625 021
- India
| | - Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625 021
- India
| | | | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Anitha Kandasamy
- Department of Physics, School of Physics
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625021
- India
| | - Raju Ranjith Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625 021
- India
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