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Luo W, Zheng X, Zhang F, Luo Q, Deng WT, Long L, Yu D, Wang ZX, Chen Z. Synthesis of functionalized tetrahydrodibenzo[ b, g][1,8]naphthyridin-1(2 H)-ones through base-promoted annulation of quinoline-derived dipolarophiles and cyclic enaminones. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37997680 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01547e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
An eco-friendly and metal-free method for the synthesis of tetrahydrodibenzo[b,g][1,8]naphthyridin-1(2H)-ones was established. Quinoline-derived dipolarophiles and cyclic enaminones as starting materials undergo a 1,4-Michael addition/SNAr tandem annulation reaction affording the target products. This approach features transition metal-free conditions, good functional group tolerance and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
| | - Xinghua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
| | - Fanglian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
| | - Qiuya Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
| | - Wen-Ting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
| | - Lipeng Long
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
| | - Daohong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
| | - Zhengwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
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2
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Liu RM, Zhang M, Han XX, Liu XL, Pan BW, Tian YP, Peng LJ, Yuan WC. Catalytic asymmetric Michael/cyclization reaction of 3-isothiocyanato thiobutyrolactone: an approach to the construction of a library of bispiro[pyrazolone-thiobutyrolactone] skeletons. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5060-5065. [PMID: 35703322 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the first example of 3-isothiocyanato thiobutyrolactone serving as a useful building block in the Michael/cyclization reaction with alkylidene pyrazolones for the enantioselective construction of optically active structural bispiro[pyrazolone-thiobutyrolactone] skeletons containing three contiguous stereocenters with two spiroquaternary stereocenters. These products were smoothly afforded in up to 90% yield, >20 : 1 dr and >99% ee with chiral squaramide as the catalyst under mild conditions. Notably, this is also the first example of the merger of a spirocyclic pyrazolone scaffold with a spirocyclic thiobutyrolactone scaffold, potentially useful in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Ming Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Min Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Xue Han
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Xiong-Li Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Bo-Wen Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - You-Ping Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li-Jun Peng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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3
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Xu ZH, Jia SK, Chang ZR, Hua YZ, Wang MC, Mei GJ. Facile access to saccharin‐fused 1,4‐dihydropyridines via [3 + 3] annulation reactions. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Xu
- Zhengzhou University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shi-Kun Jia
- Zhengzhou University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | | | | | - Guang-Jian Mei
- Zhengzhou University Chemistry Zhengzhou 450001 450001 Zhengzhou CHINA
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Yin ZG, Liu XW, Chen L, Liu XL, Pan BW, Zhou Y. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis and evaluation of densely functionalized bispiro[oxindole-isoxazole-indandione] hybrids as anticancer agents. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This is the combination of three key pharmacophores through bispiro quaternary carbon atoms and evaluation of their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiong-Wei Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiong-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bo-Wen Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
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5
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Chen L, Geng HY, Chen ZJ, Liang W, Jiao WY. Rapid entry to bispiro heterocycles merging five pharmacophores using phase-transfer catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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6
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Koay WL, Mei GJ, Lu Y. Facile access to benzofuran-fused tetrahydropyridines via catalytic asymmetric [4 + 2] cycloaddition of aurone-derived 1-azadienes with 3-vinylindoles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01236j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 1-azadienes with 3-vinylindoles, catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid has been developed to furnish a range of benzofuran-fused tetrahydropyridines with three contiguous stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Lean Koay
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS)
- National University of Singapore
| | - Guang-Jian Mei
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS)
- National University of Singapore
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Souza Silva JA, Tunes LG, Coimbra RS, Ascher DB, Pires DEV, Monte-Neto RL. Unveiling six potent and highly selective antileishmanial agents via the open source compound collection 'Pathogen Box' against antimony-sensitive and -resistant Leishmania braziliensis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111049. [PMID: 33378956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all efforts to provide new chemical entities to tackle leishmaniases, we are still dependent on a the limited drug arsenal, together with drawbacks like toxicity and drug-resistant parasites. Collaborative drug discovery emerged as an option to speed up the way to find alternative antileishmanial agents. This is the case of Medicines for Malaria Ventures - MMV, that promotes an open source drug discovery initiative to fight diseases worldwide. Here, we screened 400 compounds from 'Pathogen Box' (PBox) collection against Leishmania braziliensis, the main etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Twenty-three compounds were able to inhibit ≥ 80 % L. braziliensis growth at 5 μM. Six out of the PBox selected 23 compounds were found to be highly selective against L. braziliensis intracellular amastigotes with selectivity index varying from > 104 to > 746 and IC50s ranging from 47 to 480 nM. The compounds were also active against antimony-resistant L. braziliensis isolated from the field or laboratory selected mutants, revealing the potential on treating patients infected with drug resistant parasites. Most of the selected compounds were known to be active against kinetoplastids, however, two compounds (MMV688703 and MMV676477) were part of toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis 'PBox' disease set, reinforcing the potential of phenotyping screening to unveil drug repurposing. Here we applied a computational prediction of pharmacokinetic properties using the ADMET predictor pkCSM (http://biosig.unimelb.edu.au/pkcsm/). The tool offered clues on potential drug development needs and can support further in vivo studies. Molecular docking analysis identified CRK3 (LbrM.35.0660), CYP450 (LbrM.30.3580) and PKA (LbrM.18.1180) as L. braziliensis targets for MMV676604, MMV688372 and MMV688703, respectively. Compounds from 'Pathogen Box' thus represents a new hope for novel (or repurposed) small molecules source to tackle leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano A Souza Silva
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luiza G Tunes
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009, MG, Brazil.
| | - Roney S Coimbra
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009, MG, Brazil.
| | - David B Ascher
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Melbourne, Australia; Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, VIC 3004, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Douglas E V Pires
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009, MG, Brazil; School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Doug McDonell Building, VIC 3010, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Rubens L Monte-Neto
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009, MG, Brazil.
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Luo W, Shao B, Li J, Xiao X, Song D, Ling F, Zhong W. Construction of spirooxindole-fused spiropyrazolones containing contiguous three stereogenic centres via [3 + 2] annulation utilizing a ferrocene derived bifunctional phosphine catalyst. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Regional and stereoselective construction of spirooxindole-fused spiropyrazolones containing contiguous three stereogenic centres via [3 + 2] annulation catalyzed by ferrocene derived bifunctional phosphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxuan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dingguo Song
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ling
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weihui Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- People's Republic of China
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9
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Gu L, Fang X, Weng Z, Lin J, He M, Ma W. PIDA‐Promoted Selective C
5
C−H Selenylations of Indolines
via
Weak Interactions. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Gu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University People's Republic of China Chengdu 610052
| | - Xinyue Fang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University People's Republic of China Chengdu 610052
| | - Zhengyun Weng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University People's Republic of China Chengdu 610052
| | - Jiafu Lin
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University People's Republic of China Chengdu 610052
| | - Meicui He
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University People's Republic of China Chengdu 610052
| | - Wenbo Ma
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University People's Republic of China Chengdu 610052
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Martinez SR, Pavani CC, Baptista MS, Becerra MC, Quevedo MA, Ribone SR. Identification of the potential biological target of N-benzenesulfonyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline compounds active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2412-2421. [PMID: 31215842 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1633410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of new antibiotics with activity towards a broad spectrum of bacteria, including multiresistant strains, is a very important topic for global public health. As part of previous works, N-benzenesulfonyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (BSTHQ) derivatives were described as antimicrobial agents active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. In this work, experimental and molecular modelling studies were performed in order to identify their potential biological target in the light of structure-based design efforts towards further BSTHQ derivatives. First, a carboxyfluorescein leakage assay was performed using liposomes to mimic bacterial membranes, which found no significative membrane disruption effects with respect to control samples. These results support a non-surfactant antimicrobial activity of the tested compounds. In a second stage, the inhibition of potential antimicrobial targets was screened using molecular modelling methods, taking into account previously reported druggable targets deposited in the ChEMBL database for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Two enzymes, namely D-glutamic acid-adding enzyme (MurD) and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phophate-uridyltransferase (GlmU), both involved in bacterial membrane synthesis, were identified as potential targets. Pharmacodynamic interaction models were developed using known MurD and GlmU inhibitors by applying state-of-the-art chemoinformatic methods (molecular docking, molecular dynamics and free energy of interaction analyses). These models were further extended to the analysis of the studied BSTHQ derivatives. Overall, our results demonstrated that the studied BSTHQ derivatives elicit their antibacterial activity by interacting with a specific molecular target, GlmU being the highly feasible one. Based on the presented results, further structure-aided design efforts towards the obtaining of novel BSTHQ derivatives are envisioned.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol R Martinez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Christiane C Pavani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Jullho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - María C Becerra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mario A Quevedo
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sergio R Ribone
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of novel N-arylsulfonyl-benzimidazoles with anti Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Komrovsky F, Sperandeo NR, Vera DMA, Caira MR, Mazzieri MR. X-ray, DFT, FTIR and thermal study of the antimicrobial N-benzenesulfonyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Bao X, Wei S, Qian X, Qu J, Wang B, Zou L, Ge G. Asymmetric Construction of a Multi-Pharmacophore-Containing Dispirotriheterocyclic Scaffold and Identification of a Human Carboxylesterase 1 Inhibitor. Org Lett 2018; 20:3394-3398. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingkai Qian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
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