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Liu J, Xue Y, Bai K, Yan F, Long X, Guo H, Yan H, Huang G, Zhou J, Tang Y. Experimental and computational study on anti-gastric cancer activity and mechanism of evodiamine derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1380304. [PMID: 38783957 PMCID: PMC11113551 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1380304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) is an important target of various anticancer compounds. The design and discovery of inhibitors targeting TOP1 are of great significance for the development of anticancer drugs. Evodiamine and thieno [2,3-d] pyridine hybrids show potential antitumor activity. Herein, the anti-gastric cancer activities of these hybrids were investigated. Methods: The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of ten evodiamine derivatives on the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 were assessed using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Compounds EVO-1 and EVO-6 strongly inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, with inhibition rates of 81.17% ± 5.08% and 80.92% ± 2.75%, respectively. To discover the relationship between the structure and activity of these two derivatives, density functional theory was used to investigate their optimized geometries, natural population charges, frontier molecular orbitals, and molecular electrostatic potentials. To clarify their anti-gastric cancer mechanisms, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy calculations were performed against TOP1. Results: The results demonstrated that these compounds could intercalate into the cleaved DNA-binding site to form a TOP1-DNA-ligand ternary complex, and the ligand remained secure at the cleaved DNA-binding site to form a stable ternary complex. As the binding free energy of compound EVO-1 with TOP1 (-38.33 kcal·mol-1) was lower than that of compound EVO-6 (-33.25 kcal·mol-1), compound EVO-1 could be a more potent anti-gastric cancer agent than compound EVO-6. Discussion: Thus, compound EVO-1 could be a promising anti-gastric cancer drug candidate. This study may facilitate the design and development of novel TOP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaidi Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Long
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guozheng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
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Peter S, Aderibigbe BA. Chlorambucil-Bearing Hybrid Molecules in the Development of Potential Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:6889. [PMID: 37836732 PMCID: PMC10574256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing cases of cancer have been a primary concern in recent decades. Developing new chemotherapeutics is challenging and has been faced with limitations, such as multidrug resistance, poor specificity, selectivity, and toxicity. The aforementioned factors contribute to treatment failure. Hybrid compounds have features that can overcome the limitations mentioned above. Chlorambucil, an anticancer drug that is used to treat prostate and breast cancer, suffers from poor aqueous solubility and specificity, a short half-life, and severe side effects, including anaemia and bone marrow suppression. It compromises the immune system, resulting in treatment failure. Hence, its combination with other pharmacophores has been reported to result in effective anticancer agents with fewer side effects and high therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, this review gives an update (2010 to date) on the developments of chlorambucil hybrid compounds with anticancer activity, and the structure-activity relationship (SAR), and also highlights future strategies for developing novel anticancer agents.
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Wang Z, Xiong Y, Peng Y, Zhang X, Li S, Peng Y, Peng X, Zhuo L, Jiang W. Natural product evodiamine-inspired medicinal chemistry: Anticancer activity, structural optimization and structure-activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115031. [PMID: 36549115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is a well-known phenomenon that natural products can serve as powerful drug leads to generate new molecular entities with novel therapeutic utility. Evodiamine (Evo), a major alkaloid component in traditional Chinese medicine Evodiae Fructus, is considered a desirable lead scaffold as its multifunctional pharmacological properties. Although natural Evo has suboptimal biological activity, poor pharmacokinetics, low water solubility, and chemical instability, medicinal chemists have succeeded in producing synthetic analogs that overshadow the deficiency of Evo in terms of further clinical application. Recently, several reviews on the synthesis, structural modification, mechanism pharmacological actions, structure-activity relationship (SAR) of Evo have been published, while few reviews that incorporates intensive structural basis and extensive SAR are reported. The purpose of this article is to review the structural basis, anti-cancer activities, and mechanisms of Evo and its derivatives. Emphasis will be placed on the optimizing strategies to improve the anticancer activities, such as structural modifications, pharmacophore combination and drug delivery systems. The current review would benefit further structural modifications of Evo to discover novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Yongxia Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Weifan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Novel nitrogen mustard-artemisinin hybrids with potent anti-leukemia action through DNA damage and activation of GPx. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Unnam S, Manjappa AS, Muddana Eswara BR, Salawi A, Gunti P. Liposomal Melphalan: Approach to obtain improved plasma stability, pharmacokinetics, and in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy in combination with liposomal simvastatin against mouse RPMI-8226 multiple myeloma model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Niu X, Zhang H, Zhang C, Dou L, Wu Z. Design, Synthesis and in Vitro Antifungal Mechanism of Novel Phenylalanine Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200035. [PMID: 35434877 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To explore novel molecules with unique mechanisms against plant pathogenic fungi, a series of phenylalanine derivatives containing a 1,3,4-oxadiazothioether moiety were designed and synthesized. Bioassays revealed that some target compounds at 100 μg/mL exhibited excellent antifungal activities against Thanatephorus cucumeris, such as G6 (92.1 %), G10 (94.3 %), G18 (99.1 %), and G19 (98.7 %), better than that of the commercial fungicide azoxystrobin (90.6 %), and the EC50 value of G10 against T. cucumeris was 31.9 μg/mL. Further mechanism studies of T. cucumeris treated with G10 demonstrated that this compound can affect the growth of mycelia by disrupting the integrity of the membrane, and the higher the concentration of the compound is, the greater the degree of membrane integrity damage, similar to the commercial fungicide azoxystrobin. These conclusions provide important information for further mechanism studies of this series of phenylalanine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Niu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li Dou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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7
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Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Evodiamine Derivatives With Nitro, Amino, and Methoxy Groups. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211059645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MS, and IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy were employed to elucidate 4 novel evodiamine (EVO) derivatives with nitro, amino, and methoxy groups, namely 2-NO2-EVO (7a), 10-OCH3-2-NO2-EVO (7b), 2-NH2-EVO (8a), and 10-OCH3-2-NH2-EVO (8b). The amino compounds (8a, 8b) were obtained by the reduction of nitro derivatives (7a, 7b) with SnCl2/HCl. The antiproliferative activities of these compounds were tested by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay for 48 h against the MDA-MB-231 and sw620 cancer cell lines, as well as the normal LO2 cells. The in vitro experiment showed that 8a possesses the most potent inhibitory activities against MDA-MB-231 and SW620 cells, with IC50 values of 0.79 and 1.28 μM, respectively. The cytotoxicity of 8a against the 2 cancer cell lines was higher than that of EVO.
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Wang W, Li C, Chen Z, Zhang J, Ma L, Tian Y, Ma Y, Guo L, Wang X, Ye J, Wang X. Novel diosgenin-amino acid-benzoic acid mustard trihybrids exert antitumor effects via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 216:106038. [PMID: 34861390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In discovering new powerful antitumor agents, two series of novel diosgenin-amino acid-benzoic acid mustard trihybrids (7a-7 g and 12a-12 g) were designed and synthesized. The antiproliferative activities were tested against five human tumor cell lines and one normal cell line using CCK-8 assays. Among the trihybrids, 12e was the most promising compound, which inhibited T24 cells with IC50 value of 6.96 μM, and was stronger than its parent compound diosgenin (IC50 = 32.33 μM). In addition, 12e had weak cytotoxicity on the normal GES-1 cell line (IC50 = 213.74 μM). Moreover, 12e could cause G2/M cell cycle arrest, increase the percentage of apoptosis, induce mitochondrial depolarization, and promote reactive oxygen species generation in T24 cells. Further studies on antitumor mechanism demonstrated that 12e triggered the intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) apoptotic pathways. More importantly, 12e could inhibit T24 cell proliferation in an in vivo zebrafish xenograft model. Therefore, 12e, as a novel trihybrid with potent cytotoxicity, might be applied as a promising skeleton for antitumor agents, which deserved further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Wang
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China; Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, 116021, PR China.
| | - Chuan Li
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Liwei Ma
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yanzhao Tian
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, 116021, PR China
| | - Yukun Ma
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lina Guo
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Jin Ye
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, 116021, PR China.
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Hao X, Deng J, Zhang H, Liang Z, Lei F, Wang Y, Yang X, Wang Z. Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of novel N-phenyl-substituted evodiamine derivatives as potent anti-tumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 55:116595. [PMID: 34990980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are important sources for the development of therapeutic medicine, among which evodia fruit has a wide range of medicinal properties in traditional Chinese medicine. Evodiamine, the main active component of evodia fruit, has various anti-cancer effects and has been proved to be a Topo inhibitor. From our previous attempts of modifying evodiamine, we found that the N14 phenyl substituted derivatives had showed great anti-tumor activity, which prompted us to further explore the novel structures and activities of these compounds. Compound 6f, as a N14 3-fluorinated phenyl substituted evodiamine derivative, showed a certain inhibitory activity against Topo I at 200 μM. By studying its anti-tumor effects in vitro, compound 6f could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis, as well as arrest the cell cycle of HGC-27 and HT-29 cell lines at G2/M phase in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, compound 6f could inhibit the migration and invasion of HGC-27 cell lines. Meanwhile, compound 6f could induce apoptosis of HGC-27 cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway. Overall, this work demonstrated that the N14 phenyl-substituted evodiamine derivatives had a good inhibitory effect on tumor cells in vitro, providing a promising strategy for developing potential anticancer agents for the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyong Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiedan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ziyi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fang Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Fan M, Yao L. The Synthesis, Structural Modification and Mode of Anticancer Action of Evodiamine: a review. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:284-296. [PMID: 34939550 DOI: 10.2174/1574892817666211221165739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding novel antitumor reagents from naturally occurring alkaloids is a widely accepted strategy. Evodiamine, a tryptamine indole alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa, has a wide range of biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammation, and anti-bacteria. Hence, research works on the structural modification of evodiamine will facilitate the discovery of new antitumor drugs. OBJECTIVE The recent advances in the synthesis of evodiamine, and studies on the drug design, biological activities, and structure-activity-relationships of its derivatives, published in patents and primary literatures, are reviewed in this paper. METHODS The literatures, including patents and follow-up research papers from 2015 to 2020, related to evodiamine is searched in the Scifinder, PubMed, Espacenet, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases. The key words are evodiamine, synthesis, modification, anticancer, mechanism. RESULTS The synthesis of evodiamine are summarized. Then, structural modifications of evodiamine are described, and the possible modes of actions are discussed. CONCLUSION Evodiamine has a 6/5/6/6/6 ring system, and the structural modifications are focused on ring A, D, E, C5, N-13, and N-14. Some compounds show promising anticancer potentials and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, Shandong. China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, Shandong. China
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Sambamoorthy U, Manjappa AS, Eswara BRM, Sanapala AK, Nagadeepthi N. Vitamin E Oil Incorporated Liposomal Melphalan and Simvastatin: Approach to Obtain Improved Physicochemical Characteristics of Hydrolysable Melphalan and Anticancer Activity in Combination with Simvastatin Against Multiple Myeloma. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:23. [PMID: 34907484 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to develop vitamin E oil (VEO)-loaded liposomes for intravenous delivery and to study the VEO effect on melphalan (MLN) loading, release, and stability. Further, the research aim was to determine the in vitro anticancer activity and in vivo systemic toxicity of MLN and simvastatin (SVN) combinations, for repurposing SVN in multiple myeloma. The liposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration technique. The optimized liposomes were surface modified with Pluronic F108, lyophilized, and evaluated for mean particle size, MLN content and release behavior, and in vitro hemolysis, cytotoxicity, and macrophage uptake characteristics. Further, in vivo acute toxicity of plain MLN + SVN combination was determined in comparison to their liposomal combination. The VEO alone and in combination with D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) has significantly increased the MLN and SVN loading. The reconstituted liposomes showed the mean particle size below 200 nm (cryo-transmission electron microscope analysis also revealed the liposome formation). In presence of VEO, the liposomes have shown substantially controlled drug release, lower hemolysis, sustained cytotoxicity, lower phagocytosis, and moderately improved chemical stability. Besides, the effect of liposomal combination on mice bodyweight is found substantially lower than the plain drug combination. In conclusion, the VEO could be used along with phospholipids and cholesterol to develop liposomal drugs with improved physicochemical characteristics. Further, the interesting cytotoxicity study results indicated that SVN could be repurposed in combination with anticancer drug MLN against multiple myeloma; liposomal drugs could be preferred to obtain improved efficacy with decreased systemic toxicity.
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Patrykei S, Korobko Y, Ogorodniichuk O, Garazd M, Polishchuk P, Džubák P, Gurská S, Hajdúch M, Lesyk R. Synthesis and evaluation of the anticancer activity of some semisynthetic derivatives of rutaecarpine and evodiamine. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1919712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pavel Polishchuk
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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Yang X, Chen DF, Li LS, Zhao XJ, Zhao MX. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with fluorescent coumarin-5-fluorouracil conjugates as mitochondrial-targeting theranostic probes for tumor cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:455101. [PMID: 34340227 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac19d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a nanodrug carrier (mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-SS-cysteamine hydrochloride (CS)-hyaluronic acid (HA)) for targeted drug delivery was prepared using MSNs, in which HA was used as a targeting ligand and blocking agent to control drug release. Coumarin is a fluorescent molecule that targets mitochondria. Two conjugates (XDS-DJ and 5-FUA-4C-XDS) were synthesized by chemically coupling nitrogen mustard and 5-fluorouracil with coumarin, which was further loaded into MSN-SS-CS-HA nanocarriers. MTT analysis demonstrated that the nanocomposite MSN-SS-CS@5-FUA-4C-XDS/HA displayed stronger cytotoxicity toward HCT-116 cells than HeLa or QSG-7701 cells. Furthermore, MSN-SS-CS@5-FUA-4C-XDS/HA was able to target the mitochondria of HCT-116 cells, causing decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. These results indicate that MSN-SS-CS@5-FUA-4C-XDS/HA has the potential to be a nanodrug delivery system for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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Sun J, Wang J, Wang X, Hu X, Cao H, Bai J, Li D, Hua H. Design and synthesis of β-carboline derivatives with nitrogen mustard moieties against breast cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 45:116341. [PMID: 34365102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To discover the promising antitumor agents, a series of β-carboline derivatives with nitrogen mustard moieties were designed and synthesized. Most target derivatives showed antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Among them, (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-3-yl)methyl (S)-3-(4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-2-formamidopropanoate possessed the most potent antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 1.79 μM and 4.96 μM, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the parent compounds, and the efficacy was comparable to that of the positive control doxorubicin. More importantly, it showed weak cytotoxicity against human normal breast cell line MCF-10A (IC50 > 20 μM), exhibiting certain selectivity. Subsequently, further mechanism exploration indicated that it induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. The DCFH-DA fluorescent probe assay and comet assay showed that this compound could cause intracellular ROS accumulation and DNA damage. In addition, it exerted potent inhibitory effect on the migration, invasion and adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. In short, (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-3-yl)methyl (S)-3-(4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-2-formamidopropanoate was considered as a promising compound for anti-breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiesen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Cao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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15
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Xu Q, Deng H, Li X, Quan ZS. Application of Amino Acids in the Structural Modification of Natural Products: A Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:650569. [PMID: 33996749 PMCID: PMC8118163 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.650569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives are important sources for drug discovery; however, they usually have poor solubility and low activity and require structural modification. Amino acids are highly soluble in water and have a wide range of activities. The introduction of amino acids into natural products is expected to improve the performance of these products and minimize their adverse effects. Therefore, this review summarizes the application of amino acids in the structural modification of natural products and provides a theoretical basis for the structural modification of natural products in the future. The articles were divided into six types based on the backbone structures of the natural products, and the related applications of amino acids in the structural modification of natural products were discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
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16
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Shalini, Kumar V. Have molecular hybrids delivered effective anti-cancer treatments and what should future drug discovery focus on? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:335-363. [PMID: 33305635 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1850686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer continues to be a big threat and its treatment is a huge challenge among the medical fraternity. Conventional anti-cancer agents are losing their efficiency which highlights the need to introduce new anti-cancer entities for treating this complex disease. A hybrid molecule has a tendency to act through varied modes of action on multiple targets at a given time. Thus, there is the significant scope with hybrid compounds to tackle the existing limitations of cancer chemotherapy. AREA COVERED This perspective describes the most significant hybrids that spring hope in the field of cancer chemotherapy. Several hybrids with anti-proliferative/anti-tumor properties currently approved or in clinical development are outlined, along with a description of their mechanism of action and identified drug targets. EXPERT OPINION The success of molecular hybridization in cancer chemotherapy is quite evident by the number of molecules entering into clinical trials and/or have entered the drug market over the past decade. Indeed, the recent advancements and co-ordinations in the interface between chemistry, biology, and pharmacology will help further the advancement of hybrid chemotherapeutics in the future.List of abbreviations: Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA; national cancer institute, NCI; peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC; food and drug administration, FDA; histone deacetylase, HDAC; epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, VEGFR; suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA; farnesyltransferase inhibitor, FTI; adenosine triphosphate, ATP; Tamoxifen, TAM; selective estrogen receptor modulator, SERM; structure activity relationship, SAR; estrogen receptor, ER; lethal dose, LD; half maximal growth inhibitory concentration, GI50; half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-India
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Gajek A, Poczta A, Łukawska M, Cecuda-Adamczewska V, Tobiasz J, Marczak A. Chemical modification of melphalan as a key to improving treatment of haematological malignancies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4479. [PMID: 32161295 PMCID: PMC7066245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical modification of known, effective drugs is one method to improve chemotherapy. Thus, the object of this study was to generate melphalan derivatives with improved cytotoxic activity in human cancer cells (RPMI8226, HL60 and THP1). Several melphalan derivatives were synthesised, modified in their two important functional groups. Nine analogues were tested, including melphalan compounds modified: only at the amino group, by replacing the amine with an amidine group containing a morpholine ring (MOR-MEL) or with an amidino group and dipropyl chain (DIPR-MEL); only at the carboxyl group to form methyl and ethyl esters of melphalan (EM-MEL, EE-MEL); and in a similar manner at both functional groups (EM-MOR-MEL, EE-MOR-MEL, EM-DIPR-MEL, EE-DIPR-MEL). Melphalan derivatives were evaluated for cytotoxicity (resazurin viability assay), genotoxicity (comet assay) and the ability to induce apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling, TUNEL, phosphatidylserine externalisation, chromatin condensation, activity of caspases 3/7, 8 and 9 and intracellular concentration of calcium ions) in comparison with the parent drug. Almost all derivatives, with the exception of MOR-MEL and DIPR-MEL, were found to be more toxic than melphalan in all cell lines evaluated. Treatment of cultures with the derivatives generated a significant higher level of DNA breaks compared to those treated with melphalan, especially after longer incubation times. In addition, all the melphalan derivatives demonstrated a high apoptosis-inducing ability in acute monocytic and promyelocytic leukemia cells. This study showed that the mechanism of action of the tested compounds differed depending on the cell line, and allowed the selection of the most active compounds for further, more detailed investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anastazja Poczta
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Łukawska
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network-Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, 5 Staroscinska St., 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Violetta Cecuda-Adamczewska
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network-Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, 5 Staroscinska St., 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Tobiasz
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network-Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, 5 Staroscinska St., 02-516, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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18
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Wang S, Li X, Zang J, Liu M, Zhang S, Jiang G, Ji F. Palladium-Catalyzed Multistep Tandem Carbonylation/N-Dealkylation/Carbonylation Reaction: Access to Isatoic Anhydrides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2672-2679. [PMID: 31887040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient synthesis of isatoic anhydride derivatives was developed via palladium-catalyzed multistep tandem carbonylation/N-dealkylation/carbonylation reaction with alkyl as the leaving group and tertiary anilines as nitrogen nucleophiles. This approach features good functional group compatibility and readily available starting materials. Furthermore, it provided a convenient approach for the synthesis of biologically and medicinally useful evodiamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoucai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Guilin University of Technology , 12 Jiangan Road , Guilin 541004 , China
| | - Xuan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Guilin University of Technology , 12 Jiangan Road , Guilin 541004 , China
| | - Jiawang Zang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Guilin University of Technology , 12 Jiangan Road , Guilin 541004 , China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Guilin University of Technology , 12 Jiangan Road , Guilin 541004 , China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Guilin University of Technology , 12 Jiangan Road , Guilin 541004 , China
| | - Guangbin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Guilin University of Technology , 12 Jiangan Road , Guilin 541004 , China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Guilin University of Technology , 12 Jiangan Road , Guilin 541004 , China
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19
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Discovery of steroidal lactam conjugates of POPAM-NH2 with potent anticancer activity. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:19-35. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Steroidal prodrugs of nitrogen mustards such as estramustine and prednimustine have proven effective anticancer agents in clinical use since the 1970s. In this work, we aimed to develop steroidal prodrugs of the novel nitrogen mustard POPAM-NH2. POPAM-NH2 is a melphalan analogue that was coupled with three different steroidal lactams. Methodology: The new conjugates were preclinically tested for anticancer activity against nine human and one rodent cancer experimental models, in vitro and in vivo. Results & conclusion: All the steroidal alkylators showed high antitumor activity, in vitro and in vivo, in the experimental systems tested. Moreover, these hybrid compounds showed by far superior anticancer activity compared with the alkylating agents, melphalan and POPAM-NH2.
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20
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Nie LF, Wang SS, Cao JG, Liu FZ, Xiamuxi H, Aisa HA, Huang GZ. Straightforward synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation of hybrids of natural alkaloid evodiamine/rutaecarpine and thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidinones. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:69-82. [PMID: 30588834 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1540599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dozens of hybrids of natural alkaloid evodiamine/rutaecarpine and thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinones were synthesized in a straightforward method by condensation of substituted 2H-thieno[2,3-d][1, 3]oxazine-2,4(1H)-diones or N-methyl-2H-thieno[2,3-d][1, 3]oxazine-2,4(1H)-dione with 3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines. In vitro cytotoxic assay discovered that compounds 9a, 10e, 11a, 11d, 11f, and 12a could induce antiproliferation against four different types of human cancer cells while compounds 10f and 12e were inactive. Notably, compound 11a displayed potent cell cytotoxicity for human non-small cell lung cancer cells A549, PC-9, human prostate cancer cells PC-3, and human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Furthermore, compound 11a exhibited strong colony formation inhibition to A549 cells. These results unfold potential anticancer therapeutic applications of hybrids of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinones and quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si-Si Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jian-Guo Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Fei-Ze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hainimu Xiamuxi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Guo-Zheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China
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21
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Diethelm-Varela B, Ai Y, Liang D, Xue F. Nitrogen Mustards as Anticancer Chemotherapies: Historic Perspective, Current Developments and Future Trends. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:691-712. [PMID: 30931858 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190401100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen mustards, a family of DNA alkylating agents, marked the start of cancer pharmacotherapy. While traditionally characterized by their dose-limiting toxic effects, nitrogen mustards have been the subject of intense research efforts, which have led to safer and more effective agents. Even though the alkylating prodrug mustards were first developed decades ago, active research on ways to improve their selectivity and cytotoxic efficacy is a currently active topic of research. This review addresses the historical development of the nitrogen mustards, outlining their mechanism of action, and discussing the improvements on their therapeutic profile made through rational structure modifications. A special emphasis is made on discussing the nitrogen mustard prodrug category, with Cyclophosphamide (CPA) serving as the main highlight. Selected insights on the latest developments on nitrogen mustards are then provided, limiting such information to agents that preserve the original nitrogen mustard mechanism as their primary mode of action. Additionally, future trends that might follow in the quest to optimize these invaluable chemotherapeutic medications are succinctly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Diethelm-Varela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Yong Ai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Dongdong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Fengtian Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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22
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Liang X, Wu Q, Luan S, Yin Z, He C, Yin L, Zou Y, Yuan Z, Li L, Song X, He M, Lv C, Zhang W. A comprehensive review of topoisomerase inhibitors as anticancer agents in the past decade. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:129-168. [PMID: 30917303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The topoisomerase enzymes play an important role in DNA metabolism, and searching for enzyme inhibitors is an important target in the search for new anticancer drugs. Discovery of new anticancer chemotherapeutical capable of inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes is highlighted in anticancer research. Therefore, biologists, organic chemists and medicinal chemists all around the world have been identifying, designing, synthesizing and evaluating a variety of novel bioactive molecules targeting topoisomerase. This review summarizes types of topoisomerase inhibitors in the past decade, and divides them into nine classes by structural characteristics, including N-heterocycles compounds, quinone derivatives, flavonoids derivatives, coumarin derivatives, lignan derivatives, polyphenol derivatives, diterpenes derivatives, fatty acids derivatives, and metal complexes. Then we discussed the application prospect and development of these anticancer compounds, as well as concluded parts of their structural-activity relationships. We believe this review would be invaluable in helping to further search potential topoisomerase inhibition as antitumor agent in clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shangxian Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Min He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Chen Y, Jia Y, Song W, Zhang L. Therapeutic Potential of Nitrogen Mustard Based Hybrid Molecules. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1453. [PMID: 30618747 PMCID: PMC6304445 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As medicine advances, cancer is still among one of the major health problems, posing significant threats to human health. New anticancer agents features with novel scaffolds and/or unique mechanisms of action are highly desirable for the treatment of cancers, especially those highly aggressive and drug-resistant ones. Nitrogen mustard has been widely used as an anticancer drug since the discovery of its antitumor effect in the 1942. However, the lack of selectivity to cancer cells restricts the wide usage of a mass of nitrogen mustard agents to achieve further clinical significance. Discovery of antitumor hybrids using nitrogen mustards as key functional groups has exhibited enormous potential in the drug development. Introduction of nitrogen mustards resulted in improvement in the activity, selectivity, targetability, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties of corresponding lead compounds or agents. Herein, the recently developed nitrogen mustard based hybrids have been introduced in the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuping Jia
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Antiproliferative Effects of Alkaloid Evodiamine and Its Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113403. [PMID: 30380774 PMCID: PMC6274956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids, a category of natural products with ring structures and nitrogen atoms, include most U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved plant derived anti-cancer agents. Evodiamine is an alkaloid with attractive multitargeting antiproliferative activity. Its high content in the natural source ensures its adequate supply on the market and guarantees further medicinal study. To the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic review about the antiproliferative effects of evodiamine derivatives. Therefore, in this article the review of the antiproliferative activities of evodiamine will be updated. More importantly, the antiproliferative activities of structurally modified new analogues of evodiamine will be summarized for the first time.
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25
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Antiproliferative hydrogen sulfide releasing evodiamine derivatives and their apoptosis inducing properties. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:376-388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Therapeutic journery of nitrogen mustard as alkylating anticancer agents: Historic to future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:401-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Han T, Tian K, Pan H, Liu Y, Xu F, Li Z, Uchita T, Gao M, Hua H, Li D. Novel hybrids of brefeldin A and nitrogen mustards with improved antiproliferative selectivity: Design, synthesis and antitumor biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Novel enmein-type diterpenoid hybrids coupled with nitrogen mustards: Synthesis of promising candidates for anticancer therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:588-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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