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Chowdari NS, Zhang Y, McDonald I, Johnson W, Langley DR, Sivaprakasam P, Mate R, Huynh T, Kotapati S, Deshpande M, Pan C, Menezes D, Wang Y, Rao C, Sarma G, Warrack BM, Rangan VS, Mei-Chen S, Cardarelli P, Deshpande S, Passmore D, Rampulla R, Mathur A, Borzilleri R, Rajpal A, Vite G, Gangwar S. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel Tetrahydroisoquinolino Benzodiazepine Dimer Antitumor Agents and Their Application in Antibody-Drug Conjugates. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13913-13950. [PMID: 33155811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based benzodiazepine dimers were synthesized and tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cell lines. Structure-activity relationship investigation of various spacers guided by molecular modeling studies helped to identify compounds with picomolar activity. Payload 17 was conjugated to anti-mesothelin and anti-fucosylated monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (FucGM1) antibodies using lysosome-cleavable valine-citrulline dipeptide linkers via heterogeneous lysine conjugation and bacterial transglutaminase-mediated site-specific conjugation. In vitro, these antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) exhibited significant cytotoxic and target-mediated selectivity on human cancer cell lines. The pharmacokinetics and efficacy of these ADCs were further evaluated in gastric and lung cancer xenograft models in mice. Consistent pharmacokinetic profiles, high target specificity, and robust antitumor activity were observed in these models after a single dose of the ADC-46 (0.02 μmol/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidu S Chowdari
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ivar McDonald
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Walter Johnson
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - David R Langley
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Prasanna Sivaprakasam
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Robert Mate
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Tram Huynh
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Srikanth Kotapati
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Madhura Deshpande
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Chin Pan
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Daniel Menezes
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Yichong Wang
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Chetana Rao
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Ganapathy Sarma
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Bethanne M Warrack
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Vangipuram S Rangan
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Sung Mei-Chen
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Pina Cardarelli
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Shrikant Deshpande
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - David Passmore
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Richard Rampulla
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Robert Borzilleri
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Rajpal
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Gregory Vite
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
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Derr JB, Clark JA, Morales M, Espinoza EM, Vadhin S, Vullev VI. Solvent-induced selectivity of Williamson etherification in the pursuit of amides resistant against oxidative degradation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24419-24424. [PMID: 35516219 PMCID: PMC9055110 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports two discoveries. (1) 2-Methoxyethanol induces unprecedented selectivity for etherification of 5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzic acids without forming undesired esters. (2) Such compounds are precursors for amides showing unusual robustness against oxidative degradation, essential for molecular electrets that transfer strongly oxidizing holes at about −6.4 eV vs. vacuum. Selective etherification produces precursors for amides resistant to oxidative degradation, i.e., showing reversible oxidation at 1.5 to 1.7 V vs. SCE.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Derr
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | - John A. Clark
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | | | | | - Sandra Vadhin
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
- Department of Bioengineering
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Gregson SJ, Tiberghien AC, Masterson LA, Howard PW. Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimers as Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads. CYTOTOXIC PAYLOADS FOR ANTIBODY – DRUG CONJUGATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788012898-00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) ring system was first discovered in the 1960s and is found in several naturally occurring potent anti-tumour antibiotics. The mode of action of PBDs involves sequence-selective [purine–guanine–purine (PuGPu)] alkylation in the minor groove of DNA through covalent binding from guanine N2 to the PBD C11-position. Dimerization of the PBD ring system gives molecules that can cross-link DNA, which leads to a substantial increase in potency and DNA binding affinity and an extension of sequence-selectivity compared with monomers. PBD dimers feature as the cytotoxic component of numerous ADCs being evaluated in clinical trials. PBD-ADC clinical candidates loncastuximab tesirine, camidanlumab tesirine and rovalpituzumab tesirine employ a PBD N10 linkage while vadastuximab talirine uses a C2-linkage. The PBD dimer scaffold is versatile and offers many opportunities to diversify the ADC platform, with extensive research being performed worldwide to develop the next generation of PBD payload–linker molecules. The search for new PBD payload–linker molecules has mainly focused on changes in payload structure (e.g. PBD C2 modification and macrocyclisation), alternative conjugation strategies (e.g. haloacetamides, ‘click’ approaches and pyridyl disulphides), non-peptide triggers in the linker (e.g. disulphides) and non-cleavable derivatives (i.e. payload release through antibody degradation).
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Piontek A, Bisz E, Szostak M. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals: In Pursuit of Sustainability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11116-11128. [PMID: 29460380 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity of precious metals has led to the development of sustainable strategies for metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The establishment of new catalytic methods using iron is attractive owing to the low cost, abundance, ready availability, and very low toxicity of iron. In the last few years, sustainable methods for iron-catalyzed cross-couplings have entered the critical area of pharmaceutical research. Most notably, iron is one of the very few metals that have been successfully field-tested as highly effective base-metal catalysts in practical, kilogram-scale industrial cross-couplings. In this Minireview, we critically discuss the strategic benefits of using iron catalysts as green and sustainable alternatives to precious metals in cross-coupling applications for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. The Minireview provides an essential introduction to the fundamental aspects of practical iron catalysis, highlights areas for improvement, and identifies new fields to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Piontek
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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