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Sun G, Li J, Liu X, Liu Y, Wen X, Sun H, Xu QL. Organophosphorus-Catalyzed "Dual-Substrate Deoxygenation" Strategy for C-S Bond Formation from Sulfonyl Chlorides and Alcohols/Acids. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37296496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A green method to construct C-S bonds using sulfonyl chlorides and alcohols/acids via a PIII/PV═O catalytic system is reported. The organophosphorus-catalyzed umpolung reaction promotes us to propose the "dual-substrate deoxygenation" strategy. Herein, we adopt the "dual-substrate deoxygenation" strategy, which achieves the deoxygenation of sulfonyl chlorides and alcohols/acids to synthesize thioethers/thioesters driven by PIII/PV═O redox cycling. The catalytic method represents an operationally simple approach using stable phosphine oxide as a precatalyst and shows broad functional group tolerance. The potential application of this protocol is demonstrated by the late-stage diversification of drug analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing-Long Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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2
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta Agonist (PPAR- δ) and Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) Abuse: Clinical, Analytical and Biological Data in a Case Involving a Poisonous Combination of GW1516 (Cardarine) and MK2866 (Ostarine). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100251. [PMID: 34678947 PMCID: PMC8538264 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A 43-year-old male, sport coach, presented him-self at the Emergency unit of a local hospital for epigastric pain, myalgia pain and severe headache. He claimed having used for some days a combination of GW1516 (cardarine), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist (PPAR- δ) and MK2866 (ostarine), a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) to gain skeletal muscles. Cytolysis with marked increase of alanine aminotransferase or ALT (up to 922 UI/L) and aspartate aminotransferase or AST (up to 2558 UI/L) and massive rhabdomyolysis with elevated creatine phosphokinase or CPK (up to 86435 UI/L) were the main unusual biochemistry parameters. Using a specific liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method, cardarine and ostarine tested positive in blood at 403 and 1 ng/mL, respectively. In urine, due to extensive metabolism, the parent GW1516 was not identified, while ostarine was at 88 ng/mL. Finally, both drugs were identified in hair (2 cm in length, brown in colour), at 146 and 1105 pg/mg for cardarine and ostarine, respectively. This clearly demonstrates repetitive abuse over the last 2 months. Asthenia was persistent for 2 weeks and 6 weeks after the admission, the subject fully recovered.
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Kadayat TM, Shrestha A, Jeon YH, An H, Kim J, Cho SJ, Chin J. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta (PPARδ): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10109-10134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Man Kadayat
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarajana Shrestha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongchan An
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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Kintz P, Ameline A, Gheddar L, Raul J. Testing for GW501516 (cardarine) in human hair using LC/MS–MS and confirmation by LC/HRMS. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:980-986. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Kintz
- X‐Pertise Consulting Mittelhausbergen France
- Institut de medecine légale Strasbourg France
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Lagu B, Senaiar RS, Kluge AF, Mallesh B, Ramakrishna M, Bhat R, Patane MA. Addressing hERG activity while maintaining favorable potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties of PPARδ modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126928. [PMID: 31889664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most commonly used strategies to reduce hERG (human ether-a-go-go) activity in the drug candidates is introduction of a carboxylic acid group. During the optimization of PPARδ modulators, some of the compounds containing a carboxylic acid were found to inhibit the hERG channel in a patch clamp assay. By modifying the basicity of the imidazole core, potent and selective PPARδ modulators that do not inhibit hERG channel were identified. Some of the modulators have excellent pharmacokinetic profiles in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Lagu
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | | | - Arthur F Kluge
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - B Mallesh
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Ltd., Bengaluru, India
| | - M Ramakrishna
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Ltd., Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Michael A Patane
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Lagu B, Kluge AF, Tozzo E, Fredenburg R, Bell EL, Goddeeris MM, Dwyer P, Basinski A, Senaiar RS, Jaleel M, Tiwari NK, Panigrahi SK, Krishnamurthy NR, Takahashi T, Patane MA. Selective PPARδ Modulators Improve Mitochondrial Function: Potential Treatment for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:935-940. [PMID: 30258544 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The X-ray structure of the previously reported PPARδ modulator 1 bound to the ligand binding domain (LBD) revealed that the amide moiety in 1 exists in the thermodynamically disfavored cis-amide orientation. Isosteric replacement of the cis-amide with five-membered heterocycles led to the identification of imidazole 17 (MA-0204), a potent, selective PPARδ modulator with good pharmacokinetic properties. MA-0204 was tested in vivo in mice and in vitro in patient-derived muscle myoblasts (from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients); 17 altered the expression of PPARδ target genes and improved fatty acid oxidation, which supports the therapeutic hypothesis for the study of MA-0204 in DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Lagu
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Arthur F. Kluge
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Effie Tozzo
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ross Fredenburg
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric L. Bell
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthew M. Goddeeris
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Peter Dwyer
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Andrew Basinski
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ramesh S. Senaiar
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Ltd., Bengaluru and Hyderabad, India
| | - Mahaboobi Jaleel
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Ltd., Bengaluru and Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael A. Patane
- Mitobridge, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Astellas Pharma.), 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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An aPPARent Functional Consequence in Skeletal Muscle Physiology via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051425. [PMID: 29747466 PMCID: PMC5983589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprises 30–40% of the total body mass and plays a central role in energy homeostasis in the body. The deregulation of energy homeostasis is a common underlying characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Over the past decades, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been shown to play critical regulatory roles in skeletal muscle. The three family members of PPAR have overlapping roles that contribute to the myriad of processes in skeletal muscle. This review aims to provide an overview of the functions of different PPAR members in energy homeostasis as well as during skeletal muscle metabolic disorders, with a particular focus on human and relevant mouse model studies.
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