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Maeda K, Sugai T, Tokuda A, Kajino K, Saitoh T, Nagase H, Kutsumura N. Design and synthesis of unique morphinan-type molecules: Their application to the search for the unexplored binding domain between opioid receptors and morphinan ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 99:129611. [PMID: 38228254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The morphinan skeleton is valued in drug discovery for its beneficial physicochemical properties and is recognized as a crucial template for opioid receptor ligands. In morphinan derivatives, it is well-established that the nitrogen atom within the piperidine ring (D-ring) interacts with the amino acid residues of the opioid receptors. This interaction is recognized as one of the crucial pharmacophores between the morphinan molecule and the opioid receptors. Consequently, the structure-activity relationships (SAR) surrounding the D-ring are not well-studied, due to concerns that structural transformations around the nitrogen at the 17-position could disrupt this interaction. In this study, we found that our novel morphinan-type ligands with a side chain containing a heteroatom positioned above the d-ring have binding affinity for the opioid receptors. These novel skeletons could provide unique templates with the desired side chain above the D-ring in the morphinan skeleton, and thus, potentially advance the SAR studies of morphinan ligands with the opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Maeda
- Degree Programs in Pure and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sugai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihisa Tokuda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Keita Kajino
- Degree Programs in Pure and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saitoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- Degree Programs in Pure and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Noriki Kutsumura
- Degree Programs in Pure and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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Bonifazi A, Del Bello F, Giorgioni G, Piergentili A, Saab E, Botticelli L, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Quaglia W. Targeting orexin receptors: Recent advances in the development of subtype selective or dual ligands for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1607-1667. [PMID: 37036052 DOI: 10.1002/med.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Orexin-A and orexin-B, also named hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2, are two hypothalamic neuropeptides highly conserved across mammalian species. Their effects are mediated by two distinct G protein-coupled receptors, namely orexin receptor type 1 (OX1-R) and type 2 (OX2-R), which share 64% amino acid identity. Given the wide expression of OX-Rs in different central nervous system and peripheral areas and the several pathophysiological functions in which they are involved, including sleep-wake cycle regulation (mainly mediated by OX2-R), emotion, panic-like behaviors, anxiety/stress, food intake, and energy homeostasis (mainly mediated by OX1-R), both subtypes represent targets of interest for many structure-activity relationship (SAR) campaigns carried out by pharmaceutical companies and academies. However, before 2017 the research was predominantly directed towards dual-orexin ligands, and limited chemotypes were investigated. Analytical characterizations, including resolved structures for both OX1-R and OX2-R in complex with agonists and antagonists, have improved the understanding of the molecular basis of receptor recognition and are assets for medicinal chemists in the design of subtype-selective ligands. This review is focused on the medicinal chemistry aspects of small molecules acting as dual or subtype selective OX1-R/OX2-R agonists and antagonists belonging to different chemotypes and developed in the last years, including radiolabeled OX-R ligands for molecular imaging. Moreover, the pharmacological effects of the most studied ligands in different neuropsychiatric diseases, such as sleep, mood, substance use, and eating disorders, as well as pain, have been discussed. Poly-pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Elizabeth Saab
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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3
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Katoh K, Kutsumura N, Yamamoto N, Nagumo Y, Saitoh T, Ishikawa Y, Irukayama-Tomobe Y, Tanimura R, Yanagisawa M, Nagase H. Essential structure of orexin 1 receptor antagonist YNT-707: Conversion of the 16-cyclopropylmethyl group to the 16-sulfonamide group in D-nor-nalfurafine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 59:128550. [PMID: 35041942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The five-membered D-ring nalfurafine (D-nor-nalfurafine) derivatives with a 16-sulfonamide group were synthesized. Conversion of the 16-cyclopropylmethyl group to the 16-benzenesulfonamide group in the D-nor-nalfurafine derivatives drastically improved the orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist activities. The intramolecular hydrogen bond between the 14-hydroxy and the 16-sulfonamide groups may play an important role in increasing the probability that the 6-amide group would be located at the lower side of the C-ring, leading to an active conformation for OX1R. The assay results and the conformational analyses of the 14-OH, 14-H, and 14-dehydrated D-nor-nalfurafine derivatives suggested that the 14- and 16-substituents of the D-nor-nalfurafine derivatives had a greater effect on the affinities for the OX1R than did the 14- and 17-substituents of nalfurafine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Katoh
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Noriki Kutsumura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoshi Yamamoto
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nagumo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saitoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ishikawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoko Irukayama-Tomobe
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuji Tanimura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 10-1, Tebiro 6-choume, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; R&D Center for Frontiers of MIRAI in Policy and Technology (F-MIRAI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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Katoh K, Yamamoto N, Ishikawa Y, Irukayama-Tomobe Y, Tanimura R, Saitoh T, Nagumo Y, Kutsumura N, Yanagisawa M, Nagase H. Effect of removal of the 14-hydroxy group on the affinity of the 4,5-epoxymorphinan derivatives for orexin and opioid receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 59:128527. [PMID: 35007722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the contribution of hydrogen bonding between the 14-hydroxy group and the 6-amide chain on the binding affinity of nalfurafine toward KOR and OX1R, we prepared the 14-H and 14-dehydrated nalfurafine and their five-membered D-ring nalfurafine (D-nor-nalfurafine) derivatives. The 14-H and 14-dehydrated nalfurafine derivatives showed almost the same affinity for KOR as nalfurafine and more potent affinity for OX1R. On the other hand, 14-H and 14-dehydrated D-nor-nalfurafine derivatives showed weak affinity for KOR and almost no affinity for OX1R. The conformational analyses suggested that the 6-amide chains of the nalfurafine derivatives are mainly oriented just at or downward from the C-ring, while those of the D-nor-nalfurafine derivatives were mainly oriented toward the upper side of the C-ring even in the absence of the 14-hydroxy group. We postulated that the ion-dipole interaction between the 6-amide and the 16-nitrogen might stabilize the upwardly oriented 6-amide group. These results suggested that the 14-hydroxy group and the ion-dipole interaction would play important roles in the orientation of the 6-amide group, which might control the affinity between KOR and OX1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Katoh
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Naoshi Yamamoto
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ishikawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoko Irukayama-Tomobe
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuji Tanimura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 10-1, Tebiro 6-choume, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saitoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nagumo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Noriki Kutsumura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; R&D Center for Frontiers of MIRAI in Policy and Technology (F-MIRAI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390, US
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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Ohrui S, Irukayama-Tomobe Y, Ishikawa Y, Yanagisawa M, Nagase H. Design and Synthesis of Novel Orexin Antagonists via Structural Simplification of the Morphinan Skeleton. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-s(k)63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nagumo Y, Katoh K, Iio K, Saitoh T, Kutsumura N, Yamamoto N, Ishikawa Y, Irukayama-Tomobe Y, Ogawa Y, Baba T, Tanimura R, Yanagisawa M, Nagase H. Discovery of attenuation effect of orexin 1 receptor to aversion of nalfurafine: Synthesis and evaluation of D-nor-nalfurafine derivatives and analyses of the three active conformations of nalfurafine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127360. [PMID: 32738987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The D-nor-nalfurafine derivatives, which were synthesized by contraction of the six-membered D-ring in nalfurafine (1), had no affinity for orexin 1 receptors (OX1Rs). The 17N-lone electron pair in 1 oriented toward the axial direction, while that of D-nor-derivatives was directed in the equatorial configuration. The axial lone electron pair can form a hydrogen bond with the 14-hydroxy group, which could push the 6-amide side chain toward the downward direction with respect to the C-ring. The resulting conformation would be an active conformation for binding with OX1R. The dual affinities of 1 for OX1R and κ opioid receptor (KOR) led us to elucidate the mechanism by which only 1 showed no aversion but U-50488H. Actually, 1 selectively induced severe aversion in OX1R knockout mice, but not in wild-type mice. These results well support that OX1R suppresses the aversion of 1. This is the elucidation of long period puzzle which 1 showed no aversion in KOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Nagumo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8575, Japan
| | - Koki Katoh
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8571, Japan
| | - Keita Iio
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8571, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saitoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8575, Japan
| | - Noriki Kutsumura
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8575, Japan; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8571, Japan
| | - Naoshi Yamamoto
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8575, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ishikawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8575, Japan
| | - Yoko Irukayama-Tomobe
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ogawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Baba
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industry Inc, 10-1, Tebiro 6-choume, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248 8555, Japan
| | - Ryuji Tanimura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industry Inc, 10-1, Tebiro 6-choume, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248 8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8575, Japan; R&D Center for Frontiers of Mirai in Policy and Technology (F-MIRAI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, US
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8575, Japan; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8571, Japan.
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Saitoh T, Seki K, Nakajima R, Yamamoto N, Kutsumura N, Nagumo Y, Irukayama-Tomobe Y, Ogawa Y, Ishikawa Y, Yanagisawa M, Nagase H. Essential structure of orexin 1 receptor antagonist YNT-707, part V: Structure-activity relationship study of the substituents on the 17-amino group. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126893. [PMID: 31879208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The morphinan-type orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) antagonists such as YNT-707 (2) and YNT-1310 (3) show potent and extremely high selective antagonistic activity against OX1R. In the course of our studies of the essential structure of 2, we identified new scaffolds by simplification of the morphinan skeleton. However, the new chemical entities carrying the D-ring removed scaffold showed insufficient activity. To improve the activity of these derivatives, we investigated the effect of substituents mainly focused on the 17-nitrogen group. The 17-N-substituted derivatives, as well as the cyclic derivatives, were synthesized and examined the OX1R antagonistic activity. The assay results showed the interesting relationship between the OX1R antagonistic activity and the substituents on the 17-nitrogen: the antagonistic activity was increased as the bulkiness of 17-substituents increased. Finally, the 17-N-Boc derivative 14a showed the most potent OX1R antagonistic activity (Ki = 14.8 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Saitoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazunori Seki
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Naoshi Yamamoto
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Noriki Kutsumura
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nagumo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoko Irukayama-Tomobe
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ogawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ishikawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; R&D Center for Frontiers of Mirai in Policy and Technology (F-MIRAI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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Essential structure of orexin 1 receptor antagonist YNT-707, Part IV: The role of D-ring in 4,5-epoxymorphinan on the orexin 1 receptor antagonistic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2655-2658. [PMID: 31375290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) antagonists carrying a morphinan skeleton such as YNT-707 (2) and YNT-1310 (3) showed potent and extremely high selective antagonistic activity against OX1R. In the course of our study of the essential structure of YNT-707 for high binding affinity against OX1R, we prepared derivatives of 2 without the D- and 4,5-epoxy rings to clarify the roles of these structural determinants toward OX1R antagonistic activity. The D- and 4,5-epoxy rings played important roles for the active orientation of the 17-sulfonamide and 6-amide side chains. Finally, we identified the simple structure required for selective OX1R antagonistic activity in the complex morphinan skeleton, which is expected to be a useful scaffold for further design of OX1R ligands.
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Yamamoto N, Ohrui S, Okada T, Saitoh T, Kutsumura N, Nagumo Y, Irukayama-Tomobe Y, Ogawa Y, Ishikawa Y, Watanabe Y, Hayakawa D, Gouda H, Yanagisawa M, Nagase H. Essential structure of orexin 1 receptor antagonist YNT-707, part III: Role of the 14-hydroxy and the 3-methoxy groups in antagonistic activity toward the orexin 1 receptor in YNT-707 derivatives lacking the 4,5-epoxy ring. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1747-1758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nagase H, Yata M, Kutsumura N, Nagumo Y, Yamamoto N, Ishikawa Y, Irukayama-Tomobe Y, Yanagisawa M. A Novel Rearrangement Reaction of Morphinan to Arylmorphan Skeletons and the Pharmacologies of Arylmorphan Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Perrey DA, Zhang Y. Therapeutics development for addiction: Orexin-1 receptor antagonists. Brain Res 2018; 1731:145922. [PMID: 30148984 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The orexin system includes the neuropeptides orexin A and B and the cognate receptors of orexin-1 (OX1) and -2 (OX2) and has been indicated in a number of important physiological processes. It is generally accepted that the OX1 receptor is mainly involved in motivation and reward and the OX2 receptor in the modulation of sleep/wake cycle and energy homeostasis. A variety of OX1 selective antagonists (1-SORAs) have been disclosed in the literature and some of them have been evaluated as potential therapeutics for addiction treatment. In this review we summarize all OX1 antagonists reported thus far based on their core structure. Several dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) and OX2 selective antagonist (2-SORAs) have also been recently evaluated in reward and addiction models. While DORAs may seem pharmacologically advantageous for alcohol addiction given the recent findings on the OX2 receptor in reward and alcohol consumption, 1-SORAs are the better options for other drugs of addiction such as cocaine due to the absence of the sedative effects inherently associated with dual antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Perrey
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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