1
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Mitku ML, Simegn W, Chanie GS, Mohammed Seid A, Beyna AT, Kebad Mengesha A, Melese M, Esubalew D, Gela YY, Ayenew W, Limenh LW. 3D-QSAR, ADMET, and molecular docking studies of aztreonam analogs as E. colis inhibitors. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241271810. [PMID: 39206230 PMCID: PMC11350533 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241271810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The development of multidrug resistant strains of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli has become a global problem; therefore, the discovery of new antibacterial agents is the only available solution. Objective To improve and propose new compounds with antibacterial activity, the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies were carried out on Aztreonam analogs as E. coli inhibitors in DNA gyrase B. Method This study's 3D-Quantitative structure-activity relationship model was created using on the Comparative Molecular Field Analysis and the Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis. Using the Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (Q 2 = 0.73; R 2 = 0.82), excellent predictability was achieved, and the best Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis model (Q 2 = 0.88; R 2 = 0.9). The generated model's ability to predict outcomes was assessed through external validation using a test set compound and an applicability domain technique. In this study, the steric, electrostatic, and hydrogen bond acceptor fields played a key role in antibacterial activity. Results The results of the molecular docking revealed that the newly generated compound A6 has the highest binding affinity with DNA gyrase B. It forms 10 hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues of Asn104, Asn274, Asn132, Ser70, Ser237, Thr105, Glu273, and 2 salt bridges with amino acid residues of Ser70 and Glu273 and one pi-pi interacting with Gys271 amino acid residue in the binding site of 5G1, and this result was validated by a new assessment method. We created some novel, highly effective DNA gyrase B inhibitors based on the earlier findings, and the most accurate model predicted their inhibitory actions. The ADMET characteristics and pharmacological similarity of these novel inhibitors were also examined. Conclusion These findings would be very beneficial in guiding the optimization process for the identification of novel drugs that can address the issue of multiple drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melese Legesse Mitku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wudneh Simegn
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Sisay Chanie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulwase Mohammed Seid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemante Tafese Beyna
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Kebad Mengesha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Melese
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Esubalew
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Yismaw Gela
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondim Ayenew
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Liknaw Workie Limenh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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2
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Yang L, Jiao YX, Quan YH, Li MY, Huang XY, Jin JZ, Li S, Quan JS, Jin CH. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Pyridine Derivatives Containing Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]Thiadiazole Moiety. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400135. [PMID: 38425248 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Four series of novel pyridine derivatives (17 a-i, 18 a-i, 19 a-e, and 20 a-e) were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Of all the target compounds, almost half target compounds showed moderate or high antibacterial activity. The 4-F substituted compound 17 d (MIC=0.5 μg/mL) showed the highest antibacterial activity, its activity was twice the positive control compound gatifloxacin (MIC=1.0 μg/mL). For fungus ATCC 9763, the activities of compounds 17 a and 17 d are equivalent to the positive control compound fluconazole (MIC=8 μg/mL). Furthermore, compounds 17 a and 17 d showed little cytotoxicity to human LO2 cells, and did not show hemolysis even at ultra-high concentration (200 μM). The results indicate that these compounds are valuable for further development as antibacterial and antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yu-Xin Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yan-Hua Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Ming-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Jun-Zheng Jin
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Function Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Ji-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Function Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Cheng-Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Function Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
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3
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Li R, Lichstrahl MS, Zandi TA, Kahlert L, Townsend CA. The dabABC operon is a marker of C4-alkylated monobactam biosynthesis and responsible for ( 2S, 3R)-diaminobutyrate production. iScience 2024; 27:109202. [PMID: 38433893 PMCID: PMC10906522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) assemble metabolites of medicinal and commercial value. Both serine and threonine figure prominently in these processes and separately can be converted to the additional NRPS building blocks 2,3-diaminopropionate (Dap) and 2,3-diaminobutyrate (Dab). Here we bring extensive bioinformatics, in vivo and in vitro experimentation to compose a unified view of the biosynthesis of these widely distributed non-canonical amino acids that both derive by pyridoxal-mediated β-elimination of the activated O-phosphorylated substrates followed by β-addition of an amine donor. By examining monobactam biosynthesis in Pseudomonas and in Burkholderia species where it is silent, we show that (2S,3R)-Dab synthesis depends on an l-threonine kinase (DabA), a β-replacement reaction with l-aspartate (DabB) and an argininosuccinate lyase-like protein (DabC). The growing clinical importance of monobactams to both withstand Ambler Class B metallo-β-lactamases and retain their antibiotic activity make reprogrammed precursor and NRPS synthesis of modified monobactams a feasible and attractive goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael S. Lichstrahl
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trevor A. Zandi
- T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lukas Kahlert
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Craig A. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Jacobs LMC, Consol P, Chen Y. Drug Discovery in the Field of β-Lactams: An Academic Perspective. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:59. [PMID: 38247618 PMCID: PMC10812508 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
β-Lactams are the most widely prescribed class of antibiotics that inhibit penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), particularly transpeptidases that function in peptidoglycan synthesis. A major mechanism of antibiotic resistance is the production of β-lactamase enzymes, which are capable of hydrolyzing β-lactam antibiotics. There have been many efforts to counter increasing bacterial resistance against β-lactams. These studies have mainly focused on three areas: discovering novel inhibitors against β-lactamases, developing new β-lactams less susceptible to existing resistance mechanisms, and identifying non-β-lactam inhibitors against cell wall transpeptidases. Drug discovery in the β-lactam field has afforded a range of research opportunities for academia. In this review, we summarize the recent new findings on both β-lactamases and cell wall transpeptidases because these two groups of enzymes are evolutionarily and functionally connected. Many efforts to develop new β-lactams have aimed to inhibit both transpeptidases and β-lactamases, while several promising novel β-lactamase inhibitors have shown the potential to be further developed into transpeptidase inhibitors. In addition, the drug discovery progress against each group of enzymes is presented in three aspects: understanding the targets, screening methodology, and new inhibitor chemotypes. This is to offer insights into not only the advancement in this field but also the challenges, opportunities, and resources for future research. In particular, cyclic boronate compounds are now capable of inhibiting all classes of β-lactamases, while the diazabicyclooctane (DBO) series of small molecules has led to not only new β-lactamase inhibitors but potentially a new class of antibiotics by directly targeting PBPs. With the cautiously optimistic successes of a number of new β-lactamase inhibitor chemotypes and many questions remaining to be answered about the structure and function of cell wall transpeptidases, non-β-lactam transpeptidase inhibitors may usher in the next exciting phase of drug discovery in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (L.M.C.J.); (P.C.)
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5
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Butler MS, Henderson IR, Capon RJ, Blaskovich MAT. Antibiotics in the clinical pipeline as of December 2022. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023; 76:431-473. [PMID: 37291465 PMCID: PMC10248350 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The need for new antibacterial drugs to treat the increasing global prevalence of drug-resistant bacterial infections has clearly attracted global attention, with a range of existing and upcoming funding, policy, and legislative initiatives designed to revive antibacterial R&D. It is essential to assess whether these programs are having any real-world impact and this review continues our systematic analyses that began in 2011. Direct-acting antibacterials (47), non-traditional small molecule antibacterials (5), and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (10) under clinical development as of December 2022 are described, as are the three antibacterial drugs launched since 2020. Encouragingly, the increased number of early-stage clinical candidates observed in the 2019 review increased in 2022, although the number of first-time drug approvals from 2020 to 2022 was disappointingly low. It will be critical to monitor how many Phase-I and -II candidates move into Phase-III and beyond in the next few years. There was also an enhanced presence of novel antibacterial pharmacophores in early-stage trials, and at least 18 of the 26 phase-I candidates were targeted to treat Gram-negative bacteria infections. Despite the promising early-stage antibacterial pipeline, it is essential to maintain funding for antibacterial R&D and to ensure that plans to address late-stage pipeline issues succeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Butler
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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6
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Lade H, Jeong S, Jeon K, Kim HS, Kim HS, Song W, Kim JS. Evaluation of the BD Phoenix CPO Detect Panel for Detection and Classification of Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacterales. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1215. [PMID: 37508311 PMCID: PMC10376851 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) pose a serious public health threat due to their resistance to most antibiotics. Rapid and correct detection of carbapenemase producing organisms (CPOs) can help inform clinician decision making on antibiotic therapy. The BD Phoenix™ CPO detect panel, as part of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), detects carbapenemase activity (P/N) and categorizes CPOs according to Ambler classes. We evaluated a CPO detect panel against 109 carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales (CPE) clinical isolates from Korea. The panel correctly detected carbapenemases production in 98.2% (n = 107/109) isolates and identified 78.8% (n = 26/33) class A, 65.9% (n = 29/44) class B, and 56.3% (n = 18/32) class D carbapenemase producers as harboring their corresponding Ambler classes. Specifically, the panel correctly classified 81.3% (n = 13/16) of K. pneumoniae KPC isolates to class A. However, the panel failed to classify 40.0% (n = 4/10) IMP and 63.6% (n = 7/11) VIM isolates to class B. Despite 27.5% (n = 30/109) CPE not being assigned Ambler classes, all of them tested carbapenemase positive. Our results demonstrate that the CPO detect panel is a sensitive test for detecting CPE and classifying KPC as class A, helping with antibiotics selection, but one-third of CPE remained unclassified for Ambler classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Lade
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Seri Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibum Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkeun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
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7
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Avello MG, Moreno-Latorre M, de la Torre MC, Casarrubios L, Gornitzka H, Hemmert C, Sierra MA. β-Lactam and penicillin substituted mesoionic metal carbene complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2651-2660. [PMID: 35293422 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00216g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazolylidene MIC M-complexes (M = Au, Pd, Pt) having 2-azetidinones and penicillin G substituents at the triazole ring were prepared by CuAAC on 2-azetidinones having a terminal alkyne tethered at N1, followed by alkylation of the 1,2,3-triazole ring and transmetallation [Au(I), Pd(II) and Pt(II)]. The Au-MIC complexes efficiently catalyze the regioselective cycloisomerization of enynes, while the Pt-MIC complexes were efficient catalysts in hydrosilylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Avello
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Moreno-Latorre
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María C de la Torre
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Casarrubios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Heinz Gornitzka
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Miguel A Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Woods A, Parker D, Glick MM, Peng Y, Lenoir F, Mulligan E, Yu V, Piizzi G, Lister T, Lilly MD, Dzink-Fox J, Jansen JM, Ryder NS, Dean CR, Smith TM. High-Throughput Screen for Inhibitors of Klebsiella pneumoniae Virulence Using a Tetrahymena pyriformis Co-Culture Surrogate Host Model. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5401-5414. [PMID: 35187355 PMCID: PMC8851646 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The continuing emergence of antibacterial resistance reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics and drives an ongoing search for effective replacements. Screening compound libraries for antibacterial activity in standard growth media has been extensively explored and may be showing diminishing returns. Inhibition of bacterial targets that are selectively important under in vivo (infection) conditions and, therefore, would be missed by conventional in vitro screens might be an alternative. Surrogate host models of infection, however, are often not suitable for high-throughput screens. Here, we adapted a medium-throughput Tetrahymena pyriformis surrogate host model that was successfully used to identify inhibitors of a hyperviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae strain to a high-throughput format and screened circa 1.2 million compounds. The screen was robust and identified confirmed hits from different chemical classes with potent inhibition of K. pneumoniae growth in the presence of T. pyriformis that lacked any appreciable direct antibacterial activity. Several of these appeared to inhibit capsule/mucoidy, which are key virulence factors in hypervirulent K. pneumoniae. A weakly antibacterial inhibitor of LpxC (essential for the synthesis of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharides) also appeared to be more active in the presence of T. pyriformis, which is consistent with the role of LPS in virulence as well as viability in K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela
L. Woods
- Infectious
Diseases, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical
Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Parker
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Meir M. Glick
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yunshan Peng
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Francois Lenoir
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Evan Mulligan
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vincent Yu
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Grazia Piizzi
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Troy Lister
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maria-Dawn Lilly
- Infectious
Diseases, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical
Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - JoAnn Dzink-Fox
- Infectious
Diseases, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical
Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Johanna M. Jansen
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research Inc, Emeryville California 94608-2916, United States
| | - Neil S. Ryder
- Infectious
Diseases, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical
Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles R. Dean
- Infectious
Diseases, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical
Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas M. Smith
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research Inc, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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β-lactam Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Current Status, Future Prospects. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121638. [PMID: 34959593 PMCID: PMC8706265 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen, causing a wide range of acute and chronic infections. β-lactam antibiotics including penicillins, carbapenems, monobactams, and cephalosporins play a key role in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. However, a significant number of isolates of these bacteria are resistant to β-lactams, complicating treatment of infections and leading to worse outcomes for patients. In this review, we summarize studies demonstrating the health and economic impacts associated with β-lactam-resistant P. aeruginosa. We then describe how β-lactams bind to and inhibit P. aeruginosa penicillin-binding proteins that are required for synthesis and remodelling of peptidoglycan. Resistance to β-lactams is multifactorial and can involve changes to a key target protein, penicillin-binding protein 3, that is essential for cell division; reduced uptake or increased efflux of β-lactams; degradation of β-lactam antibiotics by increased expression or altered substrate specificity of an AmpC β-lactamase, or by the acquisition of β-lactamases through horizontal gene transfer; and changes to biofilm formation and metabolism. The current understanding of these mechanisms is discussed. Lastly, important knowledge gaps are identified, and possible strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics in treating P. aeruginosa infections are considered.
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10
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A novel tricyclic β-lactam exhibiting potent antibacterial activities against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: Synthesis and structure-activity-relationships. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116343. [PMID: 34450571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of tricyclic β-lactams were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activities against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs). Starting from a reported tricyclic β-lactam that combined the cephalosporin skeleton having a γ-lactone ring with a carboxylic acid group, which was reported as a unique partial structure of Lactivicin, we identified the compound which shows potent antibacterial activities against all tested CREs by introducing sulfoxide. In addition, the sulfoxide-introduced tricyclic β-lactam also shows a strong therapeutic efficacy in the neutropenic mouse lung infection model. These results indicate that the tricyclic β-lactam skeleton will show sufficient therapeutic performance in clinical use and therefore can serve as a scaffold in the search for new antibacterial agents against CREs.
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11
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Zhai L, He L, Liu Y, Myo KK, Iqbal Z, Sun J, Ji J, Ji J, Mu Y, Gao Y, Tang D, Yang H, Yang Z. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Amidine Substituted Monocyclic β-Lactams. Med Chem 2021; 18:574-588. [PMID: 34463230 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666210830122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mononcyclic β-lactams are regarded as the most resistant class of β-lactams against a series of β-lactamases though possess limited antibacterial activity. Aztreonam being the first clinically approved monobactam needs broad-spectrum efficacy through structural modification. OBJECTIVE We strive to synthesize a number of monocyclic β-lactams by varying the substituents at N1, C3 and C4 positions of azetidinone ring and study the antimicrobial effect on variable bacterial strains. METHODS Seven new monobactam derivatives 23a-g, containing substituted-amidine moieties linked to the azetidinone ring via thiazole linker, were synthesized through multistep synthesis. The final compounds were investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activities using broth microdilution method, against ten bacterial strains of clinical interest. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of newly synthesized derivatives were compared with aztreonam, ceftazidime and meropenem, existing clinical antibiotics. RESULTS All compounds 23a-g showed higher antibacterial activities (MIC 0.25 µg/mL to 64 µg/mL) against tested strains as compared to aztreonam (MIC 16 µg/mL to >64 µg/mL) and ceftazidime (MIC >64 µg/mL). However all compounds, except 23d, exhibited lower antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains as compared to meropenem. CONCLUSION Compound 23d showed comparable or improved antibacterial activity (MIC 0.25 µg/mL to 2 µg/mL) to meropenem (MIC 1 µg/mL to 2 µg/mL) in case of seven bacterial species. Therefore, compound 23d may be valuable lead target for further investigations against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhai
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Lili He
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Yuanbai Liu
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Ko Ko Myo
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Jinbo Ji
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Jingwen Ji
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Yangxiu Mu
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Yuanyu Gao
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Dong Tang
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Haikang Yang
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
| | - Zhixiang Yang
- Ningxia Centre of Organic Synthesis and Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, Huanghe East Road, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002. China
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12
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Substituted-Amidine Functionalized Monocyclic β-Lactams: Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Profile. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9955206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Owing to the intrinsic stability against common β-lactamases and metallo-lactamases, monobactams gathered special attention in antibiotic drug development. However, so far, aztreonam is the only monobactam approved by FDA for clinical use. We designed new derivatives of aztreonam to enhance its antibacterial efficacy. Methods. We synthesized a series of monocyclic β-lactams by modifying mainly at the C3 position of azetidinone ring. NH2 group at C3 of azetidinone was attached to thiazole and thiadiazole which in turn was linked to nitrogenous heterocyclic rings via amidine moieties. We then investigated the in vitro antibacterial activities of synthesized compounds against ten bacterial strains of clinical interest in comparison to aztreonam and ceftazidime. Results. All compounds showed improved antibacterial activities against tested strains compared to reference drugs. Compounds 14d and 14e were most potent and showed the highest potency against all bacterial strains, with MIC values ranging from 0.25 µg/mL to 8 µg/mL, as compared to aztreonam (MIC 16 µg/mL to >64 µg/mL) and ceftazidime (MIC >64 µg/mL). These compounds (14d and 14e) may be valuable lead targets against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
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13
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Freischem S, Grimm I, López-Pérez A, Willbold D, Klenke B, Vuong C, Dingley AJ, Weiergräber OH. Interaction Mode of the Novel Monobactam AIC499 Targeting Penicillin Binding Protein 3 of Gram-Negative Bacteria. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071057. [PMID: 34356681 PMCID: PMC8301747 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel antimicrobial strategies are urgently required because of the rising threat of multi drug resistant bacterial strains and the infections caused by them. Among the available target structures, the so-called penicillin binding proteins are of particular interest, owing to their good accessibility in the periplasmic space, and the lack of homologous proteins in humans, reducing the risk of side effects of potential drugs. In this report, we focus on the interaction of the innovative β-lactam antibiotic AIC499 with penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3) from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This recently developed monobactam displays broad antimicrobial activity, against Gram-negative strains, and improved resistance to most classes of β-lactamases. By analyzing crystal structures of the respective complexes, we were able to explore the binding mode of AIC499 to its target proteins. In addition, the apo structures determined for PBP3, from P. aeruginosa and the catalytic transpeptidase domain of the E. coli orthologue, provide new insights into the dynamics of these proteins and the impact of drug binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Freischem
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (S.F.); (D.W.); (A.J.D.)
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Immanuel Grimm
- AiCuris Anti-Infective Cures AG, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany; (I.G.); (A.L.-P.); (B.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Arancha López-Pérez
- AiCuris Anti-Infective Cures AG, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany; (I.G.); (A.L.-P.); (B.K.); (C.V.)
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Type NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (S.F.); (D.W.); (A.J.D.)
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Burkhard Klenke
- AiCuris Anti-Infective Cures AG, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany; (I.G.); (A.L.-P.); (B.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Cuong Vuong
- AiCuris Anti-Infective Cures AG, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany; (I.G.); (A.L.-P.); (B.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Andrew J. Dingley
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (S.F.); (D.W.); (A.J.D.)
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver H. Weiergräber
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and Jülich Centre for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (S.F.); (D.W.); (A.J.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Co-Existence of Certain ESBLs, MBLs and Plasmid Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes among MDR E. coli Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens in Egypt. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070835. [PMID: 34356756 PMCID: PMC8300665 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains and even pan drug resistant (PDR) strains is alarming. In this study, we studied the resistance pattern of E. coli pathogens recovered from patients with different infections in different hospitals in Minia, Egypt and the co-existence of different resistance determinants. E. coli was the most prevalent among patients suffering from urinary tract infections (62%), while they were the least isolated from eye infections (10%). High prevalence of MDR isolates was found (73%) associated with high ESBLs and MBLs production (89.4% and 64.8%, respectively). blaTEM (80%) and blaNDM (43%) were the most frequent ESBL and MBL, respectively. None of the isolates harbored blaKPC and blaOXA-48 carbapenemase like genes. Also, the fluoroquinolone modifying enzyme gene aac-(6′)-Ib-cr was detected in 25.2% of the isolates. More than one gene was found in 81% of the isolates. Azithromycin was one of the most effective antibiotics against MDR E. coli pathogens. The high MAR index of the isolates and the high prevalence of resistance genes, indicates an important public health concern and high-risk communities where antibiotics are abused.
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15
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Tompkins K, van Duin D. Treatment for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections: recent advances and future directions. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:2053-2068. [PMID: 34169446 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are a growing threat to human health worldwide. CRE often carry multiple resistance genes that limit treatment options and require longer durations of therapy, are more costly to treat, and necessitate therapies with increased toxicities when compared with carbapenem-susceptible strains. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of resistance in CRE, the epidemiology of CRE infections worldwide, and available treatment options for CRE. We review recentlyapproved agents for the treatment of CRE, including ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem-relebactam, cefiderocol, and novel aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. We also discuss recent advances in phage therapy and antibiotics that are currently in development targeted to CRE. The potential for the development of resistance to these therapies remains high, and enhanced antimicrobial stewardship is imperative both to reduce the spread of CRE worldwide and to ensure continued access to efficacious treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Tompkins
- Division of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - David van Duin
- Division of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Jonas D, Reuter S, Klassen S, Weber S, Buck M, Giani T, Rossolini GM, Grundmann H. Evaluation of the BD Phoenix CPO detect panel for prediction of Ambler class carbapenemases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13150. [PMID: 34162904 PMCID: PMC8222379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid detection of carbapenemases as a cause of resistance is beneficial for infection control and antimicrobial therapy. The BD Phoenix NMIC-502 panel and CPO detect test identifies presence of carbapenemases in Enterobacterales such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and assigns them to Ambler classes. To evaluate the performance of the CPO detect panel, we employed a European collection of 1222 K. pneumoniae including carbapenem non-susceptible and susceptible clinical isolates from 26 countries, for which draft genomes were available after Illumina sequencing and the presence of carbapenemase genes had been identified by ARIBA gene calling. The CPO panel detected 488 out of 494 carbapenemase-encoding isolates as positive and six as negative. One-hundred and two isolates were tested positive for carbapenemase in the absence of any carbapenemase gene. The CPO panel identified 229 out of 230 KPC-positive isolates as carbapenemase producing and classified 62 of these as class A enzyme. Similarly, the CPO panel correctly specified 167 of 182 as class D. Regarding metallo-beta-lactamases, the CPO panel assigned 78 of 90 MBL positive isolates to class B enzymes. The sensitivity of the CPO panel in detecting carbapenemase activity was 99.5%, 97.7% and 98.3% for class A, B and D enzymes, respectively. The sensitivity in assignation to Ambler class A, B and D was 27%, 86% and 91%, respectively. An overall sensitivity of 98.8% and specificity of 86% in unclassified detection of carbapenemases was observed, with frequent false positive detection of carbapenemase producing organisms, thus rendering further confirmatory tests necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jonas
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sandra Reuter
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Klassen
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Weber
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marion Buck
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Giani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Hajo Grundmann
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Kong Q, Yang Y. Recent advances in antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 35:127799. [PMID: 33476772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global challenge and the effectiveness of old antibiotics is decreasing. Discovery and development of antibacterial agents have been accelerated to replenish the arsenal of antibiotics which is limited and shrinking. In recent years, significant advances have achieved in the antibacterial area, including new compounds of known classes and new compounds with new mechanisms. This review summarizes these advances and provides perspective on future directions of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yushe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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18
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Grabrijan K, Strašek N, Gobec S. Monocyclic beta-lactams for therapeutic uses: a patent overview (2010-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:247-266. [PMID: 33327805 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1865919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monocyclic beta-lactams are four-membered cyclic amides with various structural modifications of the nucleus that determine their chemical reactivity and target specificity. Their historical use is based on their antibacterial activity, but they have recently appeared in other areas as well. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the relevant patent development on monocyclic beta-lactams in various therapeutic areas over the last 10 years. The majority of patents describe compounds with antibacterial activity, while there are some recent patents describing the neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anticoagulant and antihyperlipidemic effects of 2-azetidinones. EXPERT OPINION Monocyclic beta-lactams can be considered safe and nontoxic drugs, as they have been used in the clinic for almost half of the century. Recently, monocyclic beta-lactams have been increasingly recognized for their non-antibiotic activity, which has led to some promising new clinical candidates in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and coagulation therapy. With regard to their antibacterial activity, there is still room for improvement of their activity and broadening of their spectrum of action, especially in Gram-positive bacteria and on drug-insensitive penicillin-binding proteins, and in increasing their beta-lactamase stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nika Strašek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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19
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Antibacterial activities of sulfonyl or sulfonamide containing heterocyclic derivatives and its structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies: A critical review. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Bassetti M, Di Pilato V, Giani T, Vena A, Rossolini GM, Marchese A, Giacobbe DR. Treatment of severe infections due to metallo-β-lactamases-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1489-1505. [PMID: 33140656 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, there was an important paucity of agents for adequately treating infections due to metallo-β-lactamases-producing Gram-negative bacteria (MBL-GNB). Cefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin showing in vitro activity against MBL-GNB, has been recently marketed, and a combination of aztreonam and ceftazidime/avibactam has shown a possible favorable effect on survival of patients with severe MBL-GNB infections in observational studies. Other agents showing in vitro activity against MBL-GNB are currently in clinical development (e.g., cefepime/taniborbactam, LYS228, cefepime/zidebactam) that could be an important addition to our future armamentarium for severe MBL-GNB infections. Nonetheless, we should not discontinue our efforts to optimize the use of non-β-lactams agents, since they could remain an essential last-resort or alternative option in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Surgical Sciences & Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giani
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Microbiology & Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Vena
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Microbiology & Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Marchese
- Department of Surgical Sciences & Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele R Giacobbe
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
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21
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Therapeutic Effect and Mechanisms of the Novel Monosulfactam 0073. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00529-20. [PMID: 32718961 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00529-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the novel monosulfactam 0073 against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo and to characterize the mechanisms underlying 0073 activity. The in vitro activities of 0073, aztreonam, and the combination with avibactam were assessed by MIC and time-kill assays. The safety of 0073 was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and acute toxicity assays. Murine thigh infection and pneumonia models were employed to define in vivo efficacy. A penicillin-binding protein (PBP) competition assay and confocal microscopy were conducted. The inhibitory action of 0073 against β-lactamases was evaluated by the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and resistance development was evaluated via serial passage. The monosulfactam 0073 showed promising antimicrobial activity against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and serine β-lactamases. In preliminary experiments, compound 0073 exhibited safety both in vitro and in vivo In the murine thigh infection model and the pneumonia models in which infection was induced by P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0073 significantly reduced the bacterial burden. Compound 0073 targeted several PBPs and exerted inhibitory effects against some serine β-lactamases. Finally, 0073 showed a reduced propensity for resistance selection compared with that of aztreonam. The novel monosulfactam 0073 exhibited increased activity against β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative organisms compared with the activity of aztreonam and showed good safety profiles both in vitro and in vivo The underlying mechanisms may be attributed to the affinity of 0073 for several PBPs and its inhibitory activity against some serine β-lactamases. These data indicate that 0073 represents a potential treatment for infections caused by β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Boyd SE, Livermore DM, Hooper DC, Hope WW. Metallo-β-Lactamases: Structure, Function, Epidemiology, Treatment Options, and the Development Pipeline. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00397-20. [PMID: 32690645 PMCID: PMC7508574 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00397-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern medicine is threatened by the global rise of antibiotic resistance, especially among Gram-negative bacteria. Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) enzymes are a particular concern and are increasingly disseminated worldwide, though particularly in Asia. Many MBL producers have multiple further drug resistances, leaving few obvious treatment options. Nonetheless, and more encouragingly, MBLs may be less effective agents of carbapenem resistance in vivo, under zinc limitation, than in vitro Owing to their unique structure and function and their diversity, MBLs pose a particular challenge for drug development. They evade all recently licensed β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, although several stable agents and inhibitor combinations are at various stages in the development pipeline. These potential therapies, along with the epidemiology of producers and current treatment options, are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Boyd
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Livermore
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David C Hooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William W Hope
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Growcott EJ, Gamboa L, Roth T, Lopez S, Osborne CS. Efficacy of piperacillin in combination with novel β-lactamase inhibitor IID572 against β-lactamase-producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus in murine neutropenic thigh infection models. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:1530-1536. [PMID: 32108878 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The neutropenic murine thigh infection model was used to assess the effectiveness of IID572, a novel β-lactamase inhibitor, in rescuing piperacillin activity against bacterial strains expressing various β-lactamase enzymes. METHODS Mice (n = 4/group) were inoculated with Enterobacteriaceae or Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains expressing a range of β-lactamases via intramuscular injection. Two hours after bacterial inoculation, subcutaneous treatment with piperacillin/IID572 or piperacillin/tazobactam every 3 h was initiated. Animals were euthanized via CO2 24 h after the start of therapy and bacterial cfu (log10 cfu) per thigh was determined, and the static dose was calculated. RESULTS In a dose-dependent manner, piperacillin/IID572 reduced the thigh bacterial burden in models established with Enterobacteriaceae producing class A, C and D β-lactamases (e.g. ESBLs, KPC, CMY-2 and OXA-48). Piperacillin/IID572 was also efficacious against MSSA strains, including one producing β-lactamase. Static doses of piperacillin/IID572 were calculable from animals infected with all strains tested and the calculated static doses ranged from 195 to 4612 mg/kg/day piperacillin, the active component in the combination. Of the 13 strains investigated, a 1 log10 bacterial reduction was achieved for 9 isolates and a 2 log10 reduction was achieved for 3 isolates; piperacillin/tazobactam was not efficacious against 6 of the 13 isolates tested. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to tazobactam, IID572 was able to rescue piperacillin efficacy in murine thigh infection models established with β-lactamase-producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus, including those expressing ESBLs or serine carbapenemases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Growcott
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - L Gamboa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - T Roth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - S Lopez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - C S Osborne
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
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Brennan-Krohn T, Manetsch R, O'Doherty GA, Kirby JE. New strategies and structural considerations in development of therapeutics for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Transl Res 2020; 220:14-32. [PMID: 32201344 PMCID: PMC7293954 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to our ability to treat infections. Especially concerning is the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). In the new 2019 United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Antibiotic Resistance Report, CRE remain in the most urgent antimicrobial resistance threat category. There is good reason for this concerning designation. In particular, the combination of several resistance elements in CRE can make these pathogens untreatable or effectively untreatable with our current armamentarium of anti-infective agents. This article reviews recently approved agents with activity against CRE and a range of modalities in the pipeline, from early academic investigation to those in clinical trials, with a focus on structural aspects of new antibiotics. Another article in this series addresses the need to incentive pharmaceutical companies to invest in CRE antimicrobial development and to encourage hospitals to make these agents available in their formularies. This article will also consider the need for change in requirements for antimicrobial susceptibility testing implementation in clinical laboratories to address practical roadblocks that impede our efforts to provide even existing CRE antibiotics to our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Brennan-Krohn
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roman Manetsch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - James E Kirby
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Fei Z, Wu Q, Li L, Jiang Q, Li B, Chen L, Wang H, Wu B, Wang X, Gao F, Qiu W, Guo J, Cheung CM. New Synthesis for the Monobactam Antibiotic—LYS228. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6854-6861. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Fei
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Quanbing Wu
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Lei Li
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Bin Li
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Like Chen
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Wenlong Qiu
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Chi Ming Cheung
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
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26
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Antibiotics in the clinical pipeline in October 2019. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:329-364. [PMID: 32152527 PMCID: PMC7223789 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of new and effective antibacterial drugs to treat multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, especially Gram-negative (G−ve) pathogens, is acknowledged as one of the world’s most pressing health issues; however, the discovery and development of new, nontoxic antibacterials is not a straightforward scientific task, which is compounded by a challenging economic model. This review lists the antibacterials, β-lactamase/β-lactam inhibitor (BLI) combinations, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) first launched around the world since 2009 and details the seven new antibiotics and two new β-lactam/BLI combinations launched since 2016. The development status, mode of action, spectra of activity, lead source, and administration route for the 44 small molecule antibacterials, eight β-lactamase/BLI combinations, and one antibody drug conjugate (ADC) being evaluated in worldwide clinical trials at the end of October 2019 are described. Compounds discontinued from clinical development since 2016 and new antibacterial pharmacophores are also reviewed. There has been an increase in the number of early stage clinical candidates, which has been fueled by antibiotic-focused funding agencies; however, there is still a significant gap in the pipeline for the development of new antibacterials with activity against β-metallolactamases, orally administered with broad spectrum G−ve activity, and new treatments for MDR Acinetobacter and gonorrhea.
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Fei Z, Wu Q, Gong W, Fu P, Li C, Wang X, Han Y, Li B, Li L, Wu B, Zhao Y, Li J, Zhu W, Qiu W, Guo J, Zhou J, Li Y, Villa M, Cheung CM. Process Development for the Synthesis of a Monobactam Antibiotic—LYS228. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Fei
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quanbing Wu
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanben Gong
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Han
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinjing Li
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenya Zhu
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenlong Qiu
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguang Zhou
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanqiang Li
- Zhejiang Jiuzhou Pharmaceutical Technology Company, Ltd., Waisha Road 99,
Jiaojiang, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Marco Villa
- Euticals SpA, Rozzano, Quinto de Stampi, Milan 26900, Italy
| | - Chi Ming Cheung
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Ltd, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
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Growcott EJ, Cariaga TA, Morris L, Zang X, Lopez S, Ansaldi DA, Gold J, Gamboa L, Roth T, Simmons RL, Osborne CS. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the novel monobactam LYS228 in a neutropenic murine thigh model of infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:108-116. [PMID: 30325447 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The neutropenic murine thigh infection model and a dose-fractionation approach were used to determine the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship of LYS228, a novel monobactam antibiotic with activity against Enterobacteriaceae including carbapenem-resistant strains. Methods Mice (n = 4 per group) were inoculated with Enterobacteriaceae strains via intramuscular injection. Two hours post-bacterial inoculation, treatment with LYS228 was initiated. Animals were euthanized with CO2 24 h after the start of therapy and bacterial counts (log10 cfu) per thigh were determined. PK parameters were calculated using free (f) plasma drug levels. Results Following a dose-fractionation study, non-linear regression analysis determined that the predominant PK/PD parameter associated with antibacterial efficacy of LYS228 was the percentage of the dosing interval that free drug concentrations remained above the MIC (%fT>MIC). In a dose-dependent manner, LYS228 reduced the thigh bacterial burden in models established with Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamase enzymes of all classes (e.g. ESBLs, NDM-1, KPC, CMY-2 and OXA-48). The range of the calculated static dose was 86-649 mg/kg/day for the isolates tested, and the magnitude of the driver of efficacy was 37-83 %fT>MIC. %fT>MIC was confirmed as the parameter predominantly driving efficacy as evidenced by a strong coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.68). Neutrophils had minimal impact on the effect of LYS228 in the murine thigh infection model. Conclusions LYS228 is efficacious in murine thigh infection models using β-lactamase-producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae, including those expressing metallo-β-lactamases, ESBLs and serine carbapenemases, with the PK/PD driver of efficacy identified as %T>MIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Growcott
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - T A Cariaga
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - L Morris
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - X Zang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - S Lopez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - D A Ansaldi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - J Gold
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - L Gamboa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - T Roth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - R L Simmons
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - C S Osborne
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, CA, USA
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El-Shorbagi AN, Chaudhary S. Monobactams: A Unique Natural Scaffold of Four-Membered Ring Skeleton, Recent Development to Clinically Overcome Infections by Multidrug- Resistant Microbes. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190516113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Monobactam antibiotics have been testified to demonstrate significant antibacterial
activity especially the treatment of infections by superbug microbes. Recently, research has
been focused on the structural modifications, and new generation of this privileged natural scaffold.
Objective:
Efforts have been made to discover the structure-antibacterial relationship of monbactams
in order to avoid the aimless work involving the ongoing generated analogues. This review aims to
summarize the current knowledge and development of monobactams as a broad-spectrum antibacterial
scaffolds. The recent structural modifications that expand the activity, especially in the infections
by resistant-strains, combinational therapies and dosing, as well as the possibility of crosshypersensitivity/
reactivity/tolerability with penicillins and cephalosporins will also be summarized
and inferred. Different approaches will be covered with emphasis on chemical methods and Structure-
Activity Relationship (SAR), in addition to the proposed mechanisms of action. Clinical investigation
of monobactams tackling various aspects will not be missed in this review.
Conclusion:
The conclusion includes the novels approaches, that could be followed to design new
research projects and reduce the pitfalls in the future development of monobactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Nasser El-Shorbagi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sachin Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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30
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Ruggiu F, Yang S, Simmons RL, Casarez A, Jones AK, Li C, Jansen JM, Moser HE, Dean CR, Reck F, Lindvall M. Size Matters and How You Measure It: A Gram-Negative Antibacterial Example Exceeding Typical Molecular Weight Limits. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1688-1692. [PMID: 31478369 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monobactam antibiotic 1 is active against Gram-negative bacteria even though it has a higher molecular weight (MW) than the limit of 600 Da typically applied in designing such compounds. On the basis of 2D NMR data, the compound is able to adopt a compact conformation. The dimensions, projection area, and dipole moment derived from this conformation are compatible with porin permeation, as are locations of polar groups upon superimposition to the crystal structure of ampicillin bound to E. coli OmpF porin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) shifts in a porin knock-out strain are also consistent with 1 predominately permeating through porins. In conclusion, we describe a carefully characterized case of a molecule outside default design parameters where MW does not adequately represent the 3D shape more directly related to permeability. Leveraging 3D design criteria would open up additional chemical space currently underutilized due to limitations perceived in 2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Ruggiu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Shengtian Yang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Robert L. Simmons
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Anthony Casarez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Adriana K. Jones
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Cindy Li
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Johanna M. Jansen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Heinz E. Moser
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Charles R. Dean
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Folkert Reck
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Mika Lindvall
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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31
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Livermore DM. The 2018 Garrod Lecture: Preparing for the Black Swans of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:2907-2915. [PMID: 30351434 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for governments to encourage antibiotic development is widely agreed, with 'market entry rewards' being suggested. Unless these are to be spread widely-which is unlikely given the $1 billion sums proposed-we should be wary, for this approach is likely to evolve into one of picking, or commissioning, a few 'winners' based on extrapolation of current resistance trends. The hazard to this is that whilst the evolution of resistance has predictable components, notably mutation, it also has completely unpredictable ones, contingent upon 'Black Swan' events. These include the escape of 'new' resistance genes from environmental bacteria and the recruitment of these genes by promiscuous mobile elements and epidemic strains. Such events can change the resistance landscape rapidly and unexpectedly, as with the rise of Escherichia coli ST131 with CTX-M ESBLs and the emergence of 'impossible' VRE. Given such unpredictability, we simply cannot say with any certainty, for example, which of the four current approaches to combating MBLs offers the best prospect of sustainable prizeworthy success. Only time will tell, though it is encouraging that multiple potential approaches to overcoming these problematic enzymes are being pursued. Rather than seeking to pick winners, governments should aim to reduce development barriers, as with recent relaxation of trial regulations. In particular, once β-lactamase inhibitors have been successfully trialled with one partner drug, there is scope to facilitate licensing them for partnering with other established β-lactams, thereby insuring against new emerging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Livermore
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
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Reck F, Bermingham A, Blais J, Casarez A, Colvin R, Dean CR, Furegati M, Gamboa L, Growcott E, Li C, Lopez S, Metzger L, Nocito S, Ossola F, Phizackerley K, Rasper D, Shaul J, Shen X, Simmons RL, Tang D, Tashiro K, Yue Q. IID572: A New Potentially Best-In-Class β-Lactamase Inhibitor. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1045-1051. [PMID: 30861342 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Resistance in Gram-negative bacteria to β-lactam drugs is mediated primarily by the expression of β-lactamases, and co-dosing of β-lactams with a β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) is a clinically proven strategy to address resistance. New β-lactamases that are not impacted by existing BLIs are spreading and creating the need for development of novel broader spectrum BLIs. IID572 is a novel broad spectrum BLI of the diazabicyclooctane (DBO) class that is able to restore the antibacterial activity of piperacillin against piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant clinical isolates. IID572 is differentiated from other DBOs by its broad inhibition of β-lactamases and the lack of intrinsic antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folkert Reck
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Alun Bermingham
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Johanne Blais
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Anthony Casarez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Richard Colvin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles R. Dean
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Markus Furegati
- Synthesis and Technologies Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse 141, Basel 4057, Switzerland
| | - Luis Gamboa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Ellena Growcott
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Cindy Li
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sara Lopez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Louis Metzger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sandro Nocito
- Synthesis and Technologies Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse 141, Basel 4057, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Ossola
- Synthesis and Technologies Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse 141, Basel 4057, Switzerland
| | - Kaci Phizackerley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Dita Rasper
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jacob Shaul
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Robert L. Simmons
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Dazhi Tang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Kyuto Tashiro
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Qin Yue
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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A First-in-Human Study To Assess the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of LYS228, a Novel Intravenous Monobactam Antibiotic in Healthy Volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02592-18. [PMID: 31061156 PMCID: PMC6591616 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02592-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria expressing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases are a growing global problem resulting in increased morbidity and mortality with limited treatment options. LYS228 is a novel intravenous monobactam antibiotic targeting penicillin binding protein 3 with potent activity against Enterobacteriaceae, including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates expressing serine and metallo-β-lactamases. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria expressing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases are a growing global problem resulting in increased morbidity and mortality with limited treatment options. LYS228 is a novel intravenous monobactam antibiotic targeting penicillin binding protein 3 with potent activity against Enterobacteriaceae, including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates expressing serine and metallo-β-lactamases. In this study, we evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple intravenous doses of LYS228 in healthy volunteers. LYS228 was safe: no serious adverse events were reported. Adverse events, with the exception of catheter-related events, occurred sporadically, with similar incidences between LYS228 and placebo groups. No apparent adverse event-dose relationship was identified. LYS228 was not associated with any clinically significant dose-related hematologic, hepatic, or renal laboratory abnormalities. The most frequently observed adverse events were local injection site reactions, noted in 91.7% and 75.0% of subjects administered multiple doses of LYS228 and placebo, respectively. LYS228 demonstrated pharmacokinetic properties consistent with those of other β-lactam antibiotics, with systemic exposures slightly greater than dose proportional, short terminal half-lives (between 1.0 and 1.6 h) with no significant accumulation, and rapid clearance predominantly through urinary excretion.
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Tran VH, La MT, Kim HK. Iron(III)-catalyzed direct synthesis of diphenylmethyl esters from 2-diphenylmethoxypyridine. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1625063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Hieu Tran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk, National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Thanh La
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk, National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk, National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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Gould IM, Gunasekera C, Khan A. Antibacterials in the pipeline and perspectives for the near future. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 48:69-75. [PMID: 31200170 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to the management of infections in our patients. Sound stewardship of antibacterial agents at our disposal must be accompanied by a concerted effort to develop new agents to bolster our armamentarium. This review will cover the latest antibiotics that have come through the pipeline and the role they can play in the management of infections that are increasingly difficult to treat due to resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Gould
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom; University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Chathuri Gunasekera
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom; University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Ali Khan
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom
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Gao F, Wang T, Xiao J, Huang G. Antibacterial activity study of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:274-281. [PMID: 31009913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly used to fight against bacterial infections, but bacteria have already been resistant to almost all antibiotics due to abuse of antibiotics. 1,2,4-Triazole derived compounds possess chemotherapeutic effects including potential antibacterial activities against drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant pathogens. Hybridization displays a high potential to develop novel drugs with the capacity to overcome drug resistance, reduce toxicity and improve pharmacokinetic profiles. More effective antibacterial candidates might be obtained by the hybridization of 1,2,4-triazole with other antibacterial pharmacophores. This review summarizes the recent advances of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential antibacterial compounds, and the structure-activity relationship is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China; Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Tengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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Ibeji CU, Lawal MM, Tolufashe GF, Govender T, Naicker T, Maguire GEM, Lamichhane G, Kruger HG, Honarparvar B. The Driving Force for the Acylation of β-Lactam Antibiotics by L,D-Transpeptidase 2: Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Study. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1126-1134. [PMID: 30969480 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
β-lactam antibiotics, which are used to treat infectious diseases, are currently the most widely used class of antibiotics. This study focused on the chemical reactivity of five- and six-membered ring systems attached to the β-lactam ring. The ring strain energy (RSE), force constant (FC) of amide (C-N), acylation transition states and second-order perturbation stabilization energies of 13 basic structural units of β-lactam derivatives were computed using the M06-2X and G3/B3LYP multistep method. In the ring strain calculations, an isodesmic reaction scheme was used to obtain the total energies. RSE is relatively greater in the five-(1a-2c) compared to the six-membered ring systems except for 4b, which gives a RSE that is comparable to five-membered ring lactams. These variations were also observed in the calculated inter-atomic amide bond distances (C-N), which is why the six-membered ring lactams C-N bond are more rigid than those with five-membered ring lactams. The calculated ΔG# values from the acylation reaction of the lactams (involving the S-H group of the cysteine active residue from L,D transpeptidase 2) revealed a faster rate of C-N cleavage in the five-membered ring lactams especially in the 1-2 derivatives (17.58 kcal mol-1 ). This observation is also reflected in the calculated amide bond force constant (1.26 mDyn/A) indicating a weaker bond strength, suggesting that electronic factors (electron delocalization) play more of a role on reactivity of the β-lactam ring, than ring strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins U Ibeji
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa.,Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Monsurat M Lawal
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Gideon F Tolufashe
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Glenn E M Maguire
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa.,School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Gyanu Lamichhane
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Bahareh Honarparvar
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
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Zhang B. Comprehensive review on the anti-bacterial activity of 1,2,3-triazole hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:357-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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In Vivo Efficacy of Novel Monobactam LYS228 in Murine Models of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02214-18. [PMID: 30642927 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02214-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LYS228 has potent antibacterial activity against carbapenem-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae LYS228 was efficacious in neutropenic thigh models established with Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC-2 or NDM-1; pretreatment with uranyl nitrate considerably shifted calculated static doses of LYS228. In murine ascending pyelonephritis, LYS228 reduced bacterial burden in kidney, urine, and bladder. The successful treatment of murine infection models established with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae further supports the clinical development of LYS228.
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Target (MexB)- and Efflux-Based Mechanisms Decreasing the Effectiveness of the Efflux Pump Inhibitor D13-9001 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1: Uncovering a New Role for MexMN-OprM in Efflux of β-Lactams and a Novel Regulatory Circuit (MmnRS) Controlling MexMN Expression. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01718-18. [PMID: 30420483 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01718-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps contribute to antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. Correspondingly, efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) may reverse this resistance. D13-9001 specifically inhibits MexAB-OprM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mutants with decreased susceptibility to MexAB-OprM inhibition by D13-9001 were identified, and these fell into two categories: those with alterations in the target MexB (F628L and ΔV177) and those with an alteration in a putative sensor kinase of unknown function, PA1438 (L172P). The alterations in MexB were consistent with reported structural studies of the D13-9001 interaction with MexB. The PA1438L172P alteration mediated a >150-fold upregulation of MexMN pump gene expression and a >50-fold upregulation of PA1438 and the neighboring response regulator gene, PA1437. We propose that these be renamed mmnR and mmnS for MexMN regulator and MexMN sensor, respectively. MexMN was shown to partner with the outer membrane channel protein OprM and to pump several β-lactams, monobactams, and tazobactam. Upregulated MexMN functionally replaced MexAB-OprM to efflux these compounds but was insusceptible to inhibition by D13-9001. MmnSL172P also mediated a decrease in susceptibility to imipenem and biapenem that was independent of MexMN-OprM. Expression of oprD, encoding the uptake channel for these compounds, was downregulated, suggesting that this channel is also part of the MmnSR regulon. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of cells encoding MmnSL172P revealed, among other things, an interrelationship between the regulation of mexMN and genes involved in heavy metal resistance.
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Lakemeyer M, Zhao W, Mandl FA, Hammann P, Sieber SA. Thinking Outside the Box-Novel Antibacterials To Tackle the Resistance Crisis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14440-14475. [PMID: 29939462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The public view on antibiotics as reliable medicines changed when reports about "resistant superbugs" appeared in the news. While reasons for this resistance development are easily spotted, solutions for re-establishing effective antibiotics are still in their infancy. This Review encompasses several aspects of the antibiotic development pipeline from very early strategies to mature drugs. An interdisciplinary overview is given of methods suitable for mining novel antibiotics and strategies discussed to unravel their modes of action. Select examples of antibiotics recently identified by using these platforms not only illustrate the efficiency of these measures, but also highlight promising clinical candidates with therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the concept of molecules that disarm pathogens by addressing gatekeepers of virulence will be covered. The Review concludes with an evaluation of antibacterials currently in clinical development. Overall, this Review aims to connect select innovative antimicrobial approaches to stimulate interdisciplinary partnerships between chemists from academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lakemeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Weining Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Franziska A Mandl
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Hammann
- R&D Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases, Sanofi-Aventis (Deutschland) GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
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Lakemeyer M, Zhao W, Mandl FA, Hammann P, Sieber SA. Über bisherige Denkweisen hinaus - neue Wirkstoffe zur Überwindung der Antibiotika-Krise. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lakemeyer
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Weining Zhao
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Franziska A. Mandl
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Peter Hammann
- R&D Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases; Sanofi-Aventis (Deutschland) GmbH; Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Deutschland
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- Fakultät für Chemie; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM); Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
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Jones AK, Ranjitkar S, Lopez S, Li C, Blais J, Reck F, Dean CR. Impact of Inducible blaDHA-1 on Susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates to LYS228 and Identification of Chromosomal mpl and ampD Mutations Mediating Upregulation of Plasmid-Borne blaDHA-1 Expression. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e01202-18. [PMID: 30061296 PMCID: PMC6153798 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01202-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-three Klebsiella pneumoniae (blaDHA-1) clinical isolates exhibited a range of susceptibilities to LYS228, with MICs of ≥8 μg/ml for 9 of these. Mutants with decreased susceptibility to LYS228 and upregulated expression of blaDHA-1 were selected from representative isolates. These had mutations in the chromosomal peptidoglycan recycling gene mpl or ampD Preexisting mpl mutations were also found in some of the clinical isolates examined, and these had strongly upregulated expression of blaDHA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana K Jones
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Srijan Ranjitkar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Sara Lopez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Cindy Li
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Johanne Blais
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Folkert Reck
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Charles R Dean
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
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Dean CR, Barkan DT, Bermingham A, Blais J, Casey F, Casarez A, Colvin R, Fuller J, Jones AK, Li C, Lopez S, Metzger LE, Mostafavi M, Prathapam R, Rasper D, Reck F, Ruzin A, Shaul J, Shen X, Simmons RL, Skewes-Cox P, Takeoka KT, Tamrakar P, Uehara T, Wei JR. Mode of Action of the Monobactam LYS228 and Mechanisms Decreasing In Vitro Susceptibility in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e01200-18. [PMID: 30061293 PMCID: PMC6153799 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01200-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The monobactam scaffold is attractive for the development of new agents to treat infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria because it is stable to metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). However, the clinically used monobactam aztreonam lacks stability to serine β-lactamases (SBLs) that are often coexpressed with MBLs. LYS228 is stable to MBLs and most SBLs. LYS228 bound purified Escherichia coli penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3) similarly to aztreonam (derived acylation rate/equilibrium dissociation constant [k2/Kd ] of 367,504 s-1 M-1 and 409,229 s-1 M-1, respectively) according to stopped-flow fluorimetry. A gel-based assay showed that LYS228 bound mainly to E. coli PBP3, with weaker binding to PBP1a and PBP1b. Exposing E. coli cells to LYS228 caused filamentation consistent with impaired cell division. No single-step mutants were selected from 12 Enterobacteriaceae strains expressing different classes of β-lactamases at 8× the MIC of LYS228 (frequency, <2.5 × 10-9). At 4× the MIC, mutants were selected from 2 of 12 strains at frequencies of 1.8 × 10-7 and 4.2 × 10-9 LYS228 MICs were ≤2 μg/ml against all mutants. These frequencies compared favorably to those for meropenem and tigecycline. Mutations decreasing LYS228 susceptibility occurred in ramR and cpxA (Klebsiella pneumoniae) and baeS (E. coli and K. pneumoniae). Susceptibility of E. coli ATCC 25922 to LYS228 decreased 256-fold (MIC, 0.125 to 32 μg/ml) after 20 serial passages. Mutants accumulated mutations in ftsI (encoding the target, PBP3), baeR, acrD, envZ, sucB, and rfaI These results support the continued development of LYS228, which is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials for complicated intraabdominal infection and complicated urinary tract infection (registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifiers NCT03377426 and NCT03354754).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Dean
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - David T Barkan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Alun Bermingham
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Johanne Blais
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Fergal Casey
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Anthony Casarez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Richard Colvin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Fuller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Adriana K Jones
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Cindy Li
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Sara Lopez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Louis E Metzger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Mina Mostafavi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Ramadevi Prathapam
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Dita Rasper
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Folkert Reck
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Alexey Ruzin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Jacob Shaul
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Robert L Simmons
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Peter Skewes-Cox
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Kenneth T Takeoka
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Pramila Tamrakar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Uehara
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Jun-Rong Wei
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA
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In Vitro Activity of LYS228, a Novel Monobactam Antibiotic, against Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00552-18. [PMID: 30038040 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00552-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
LYS228 is a novel monobactam with potent activity against Enterobacteriaceae LYS228 is stable to metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and serine carbapenemases, including Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs), resulting in potency against the majority of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains tested. Overall, LYS228 demonstrated potent activity against 271 Enterobacteriaceae strains, including multidrug-resistant isolates. Based on MIC90 values, LYS228 (MIC90, 1 μg/ml) was ≥32-fold more active against those strains than were aztreonam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime-avibactam, cefepime, and meropenem. The tigecycline MIC90 was 4 μg/ml against the strains tested. Against Enterobacteriaceae isolates expressing ESBLs (n = 37) or displaying carbapenem resistance (n = 77), LYS228 had MIC90 values of 1 and 4 μg/ml, respectively. LYS228 exhibited potent bactericidal activity, as indicated by low minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) to MIC ratios (MBC/MIC ratios of ≤4) against 97.4% of the Enterobacteriaceae strains tested (264/271 strains). In time-kill studies, LYS228 consistently achieved reductions in CFU per milliliter of 3 log10 units (≥99.9% killing) at concentrations ≥4× MIC for Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae reference strains, as well as isolates encoding TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, KPC-2, KPC-3, and NDM-1 β-lactamases.
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Discovery of a Novel Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor That Potentiates Meropenem Activity against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018. [PMID: 29530861 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00074-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are increasingly prevalent and have become a major worldwide threat to human health. Carbapenem resistance is driven primarily by the acquisition of β-lactamase enzymes, which are able to degrade carbapenem antibiotics (hence termed carbapenemases) and result in high levels of resistance and treatment failure. Clinically relevant carbapenemases include both serine β-lactamases (SBLs; e.g., KPC-2 and OXA-48) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), such as NDM-1. MBL-producing strains are endemic within the community in many Asian countries, have successfully spread worldwide, and account for many significant CRE outbreaks. Recently approved combinations of β-lactam antibiotics with β-lactamase inhibitors are active only against SBL-producing pathogens. Therefore, new drugs that specifically target MBLs and which restore carbapenem efficacy against MBL-producing CRE pathogens are urgently needed. Here we report the discovery of a novel MBL inhibitor, ANT431, that can potentiate the activity of meropenem (MEM) against a broad range of MBL-producing CRE and restore its efficacy against an Escherichia coli NDM-1-producing strain in a murine thigh infection model. This is a strong starting point for a chemistry lead optimization program that could deliver a first-in-class MBL inhibitor-carbapenem combination. This would complement the existing weaponry against CRE and address an important and growing unmet medical need.
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