Iodine mediated pyrazolo-quinoline derivatives as potent anti-proliferative agents

Discovery of novel 2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-amine derivatives as potent antitumor agents with microtubule polymerization inhibitory activity

In this work, a series of 2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-amine derivatives were designed and synthesized through structural optimization strategy as a microtubule-targeted agents (MTAs) and their cytotoxicity activity against PC3, K562 and HeLa cell lines were evaluated. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5e, 5f, and 5o suggested that their potency of anti-proliferative activities against HeLa cell lines were better than the combretastatin A-4. Compound 5e showed the higher anti-proliferative activity against PC3, K562 and HeLa in vitro with IC50 values of 0.49 µM, 0.08 µM and 0.01 µM, respectively. Further mechanism study indicated that the representative compound 5e was new class of tubulin inhibitors by EBI competition assay and tubulin polymerization assays, it is similar to colchicine. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that compound 5e apparently disrupted tubulin network in HeLa cells, and compound 5e arrested HeLa cells at the G2/M phase and induced cells apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking results illustrated that the hydrogen bonds of represented compounds reinforced the interactions in the pocket of colchicine binding site. Preliminary results suggested that 5e deserves further research as a promising tubulin inhibitor for the development of anticancer agents.

Multicomponent Reactions Using C,N-Binucleophilic Nature of Aminopyrazoles: Construction of Pyrazole-Fused Heterocycles

Synthesis of pyrazole-fused heterocycles has gained considerable attention in recent years due to their wide applications in medicinal chemistry. Aminopyrazoles are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of pyrazole-fused heterocycles by multicomponent reactions. Due to the presence of multiple reaction sites, they have fascinating chemical reactivity. Thus, they have been extensively used in multicomponent reactions for the construction of pyrazole-fused heterocycles. Although few review articles on the preparation and applications of aminopyrazoles are known in the literature, to date there is no dedicated review article on the construction of pyrazole-fused heterocycles exploring the reactivity of amino pyrazoles as C,N-binucleophiles in multicomponent reactions. Considering this, herein the multicomponent reactions for the construction of pyrazole-fused heterocycles exploring C,N-binucleophilic nature of amino pyrazoles have been reported.

Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxicity and Topoisomerase I/IIα Inhibition Activity of Pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline Derivatives

With the several targets of cancer treatment, inhibition of DNA topoisomerase activity is one of the well-known focuses in cancer chemotherapy. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of a novel series of pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinolines with potential anticancer/topoisomerase inhibition activity. Forty newly designed pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline derivatives were synthesized via inverse imino Diels–Alder reaction. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized derivatives was initially measured in the human NUGC-3 cancer cell line. Then, the selected compounds 1B, 1C, 1M, 2A, 2D, 2E, 2F, and 2R with higher activity among tested compounds were screened against six cancer cell lines, including ACHN, HCT-15, MM231, NCI-H23, NUGC-3, and PC-3. The results demonstrated that the compounds 1M, 2E, and 2P were most effective in all cancer cell lines exhibiting GI₅₀ below 8 µM. Among them, 2E showed an equivalent inhibition pattern of topoisomerase IIα activity to that of etoposide, positive control at a 100 µM dose.

Tailored Quinolines Demonstrate Flexibility to Exert Antitumor Effects through Varied Mechanisms-A Medicinal Perspective

BACKGROUND

Quinoline is considered to be a privileged heterocyclic ring owing to its presence in diverse scaffolds endowed with promising activity profiles. In particular, quinoline containing compounds have exhibited substantial antiproliferative effects through the diverse mechanism of actions, which indicates that the heteroaryl unit is flexible as well as accessible to subtle structural changes that enable its inclusion in chemically distinct anti-tumor constructs.

METHODS

Herein, we describe a medicinal chemistry perspective on quinolines as anticancer agents by digging into the peer-reviewed literature as well as patents published in the past few years.

RESULTS

This review will serve as a guiding tool for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists to gain insights about the benefits of quinoline ring installation to tune the chemical architectures for inducing potent anticancer effects.

CONCLUSION

Quinoline ring containing anticancer agents presents enough optimism and promise in the field of drug discovery to motivate the researchers towards the continued explorations on such scaffolds. It is highly likely that adequate efforts in this direction might yield some potential cancer therapeutics in the future.

Quinolines, a perpetual, multipurpose scaffold in medicinal chemistry

Quinoline is a versatile pharmacophore, a privileged scaffold and an outstanding fused heterocyclic compound with a wide range of pharmacological prospective such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral drug and superlative moiety in drug discovery. The quinoline hybrids have already been shown excellent results with new targets with a different mode of actions as an inhibitor of cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, angiogenesis, disruption of cell migration and modulation. This review emphasized the mode of action, structure activity relationship and molecular docking to reveal the various active pharmacophores of quinoline hybrids accountable for novel anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and miscellaneous activities. Therefore, several quinoline candidates are under clinical trials for the treatment of certain diseases, for example ferroquine (antimalarial), dactolisib (antitumor) and pelitinib (EGFR TK inhibitors) etc. Plenty of research has been summarized the recent advances of quinoline derivatives and explore the various therapeutic prospects of this moiety. This review would help the researchers to strategically design diverse novel quinoline derivatives for the development of clinically viable drug candidates for the treatment of incurable diseases.

Revisiting applications of molecular iodine in organic synthesis

Molecular iodine contributes significantly to organic transformations in synthetic organic chemistry. It works effectively due to its mild Lewis acidic character, ability as an oxidizing agent, good moisture stability, and easy availability.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 4-((6,7-dimethoxyquinoline-4-yl)oxy)aniline derivatives as FLT3 inhibitors for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) was an important therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We synthesized two series of 4-((6,7-dimethoxyquinoline-4-yl)oxy)aniline derivatives possessing the semicarbazide moiety and 2,2,2-trifluoro-N,N'-dimethylacetamide moiety as the linker. The cell proliferation assay in vitro against HL-60 and MV4-11 cell lines demonstrated that most series I compounds containing semicarbazide moiety had more potent than Cabozantinib. Furthermore, the enzyme assay showed that compound 12c and 12g were potent FLT3 inhibitors with IC₅₀ values of 312 nM and 384 nM, respectively. Following that, molecular docking analysis was also performed to determine possible binding mode between FLT3 and the target compound.