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Analogues of Anticancer Natural Products: Chiral Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065679. [PMID: 36982753 PMCID: PMC10058835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Life is chiral, as its constituents consist, to a large degree, of optically active molecules, be they macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids) or small biomolecules. Hence, these molecules interact disparately with different enantiomers of chiral compounds, creating a preference for a particular enantiomer. This chiral discrimination is of special importance in medicinal chemistry, since many pharmacologically active compounds are used as racemates—equimolar mixtures of two enantiomers. Each of these enantiomers may express different behaviour in terms of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. The application of only one enantiomer may improve the bioactivity of a drug, as well as reduce the incidence and intensity of adverse effects. This is of special significance regarding the structure of natural products since the great majority of these compounds contain one or several chiral centres. In the present survey, we discuss the impact of chirality on anticancer chemotherapy and highlight the recent developments in this area. Particular attention has been given to synthetic derivatives of drugs of natural origin, as naturally occurring compounds constitute a major pool of new pharmacological leads. Studies have been selected which report the differential activity of the enantiomers or the activities of a single enantiomer and the racemate.
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Speina E, Wilczek M, Mieczkowski A. Dimeric Benzodiazepines as Peptide Mimetics to Overcome p53-Dependent Drug Resistance of Tumors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020291. [PMID: 36830660 PMCID: PMC9953746 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzodiazepines that consist of one α- and one β-amino acid residues linked together in a seven-membered heterocyclic ring could be treated as small, rigid, cyclic dipeptides capable of exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. During our research on novel analogues of anthramycin, a tricyclic antibiotic benzodiazepine, we developed the synthesis of two benzodiazepine dimers, obtained through the cyclization of appropriate linear tripeptides. The synthesized compounds were tested on a panel of seven cancer and normal cell lines. The developed molecules exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against the lung cancer cell lines A549 and NCI-H1299 and the epidermoid carcinoma cell line A-431. Moreover, they showed significant selectivity compared to the reference cell lines (BJ-human normal skin fibroblasts and MRC-5-human normal lung cell line). When tested on two isogenic cell lines, HCT116 and HCT116p53-/- (colon cancer), contrary to cisplatin being used as a positive control, the obtained compounds showed a cytotoxic effect independent of the p53 protein status. For the above reasons, the obtained compounds can be considered a new group of promising anticancer agents, useful in the fight against p53-dependent drug resistance in cancers. They can also be treated as convenient, leading structures suitable for further optimization and searching for more active and selective molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Speina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Wilczek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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3
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Li B, Chen C, Jia J, He L. Research progress on antineoplastic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of seven-membered heterocyclic derivatives. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5076-5096. [PMID: 35345989 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220328123953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Seven-membered heterocyclic compounds are important drug scaffolds, because of their unique chemical structures. They widely exist in natural products and show a variety of biological activities. They have commonly been used in central nervous system drugs in the past 30 years. In the past decade, there are many studies on the activities of antitumor, antibacterial, etc. Herein, we summarize the research advances in different kinds of seven-membered heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur heteroatoms with antitumor, antisepsis, and anti-inflammation activities in the past ten years, which is expected to be beneficial to the development and design of novel drugs for the corresponding indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingjing Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Bieszczad B, Garbicz D, Świtalska M, Dudek MK, Warszycki D, Wietrzyk J, Grzesiuk E, Mieczkowski A. Improved HDAC Inhibition, Stronger Cytotoxic Effect and Higher Selectivity against Leukemias and Lymphomas of Novel, Tricyclic Vorinostat Analogues. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:851. [PMID: 34577551 PMCID: PMC8470702 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a class of drugs used in the cancer treatment. Here, we developed a library of 19 analogues of Vorinostat, an HDAC inhibitor used in lymphomas treatment. In Vorinostat, we replaced the hydrophobic phenyl group with various tricyclic 'caps' possessing a central, eight-membered, heterocyclic ring, and investigated the HDAC activity and cytotoxic effect on the cancer and normal cell lines. We found that 3 out of the 19 compounds, based on dibenzo[b,f]azocin-6(5H)-one, 11,12-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]azocin-6(5H)-one, and benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-f][1,5]diazocine-6,14(5H,13H)-dione scaffolds, showed better HDACs inhibition than the referenced Vorinostat. In leukemic cell line MV4-11 and in the lymphoma cell line Daudi, three compounds showed lower IC50 values than Vorinostat. These compounds had higher activity and selectivity against MV4-11 and Daudi cell lines than reference Vorinostat. We also observed a strong correlation between HDACs inhibition and the cytotoxic effect. Cell lines derived from solid tumours: A549 (lung carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) as well as reference BALB/3T3 (normal murine fibroblasts) were less susceptible to compounds tested. Developed derivatives show improved properties than Vorinostat, thus they could be considered as possible agents for leukemia and lymphoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bieszczad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (B.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Damian Garbicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (B.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.Ś.); (J.W.)
| | - Marta K. Dudek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Dawid Warszycki
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.Ś.); (J.W.)
| | - Elżbieta Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (B.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (B.B.); (D.G.)
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Evangelista TCS, Delarmelina M, Addla D, Allão RA, Kaiser CR, Carneiro JWDM, Silva-Jr FP, Ferreira SB. Influence of temperature for the azide displacement in benzodiazepine derivatives: Experimental and DFT study of competing SN1, SN2 and double SN2 reaction pathways. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Mieczkowski A, Speina E, Trzybiński D, Winiewska-Szajewska M, Wińska P, Borsuk EM, Podsiadła-Białoskórska M, Przygodzki T, Drabikowski K, Stanczyk L, Zhukov I, Watala C, Woźniak K. Diketopiperazine-Based, Flexible Tadalafil Analogues: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Biological Activity Profile. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040794. [PMID: 33546456 PMCID: PMC7913621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is one of the most extensively studied phosphodiesterases that is highly specific for cyclic-GMP hydrolysis. PDE5 became a target for drug development based on its efficacy for treatment of erectile dysfunction. In the present study, we synthesized four novel analogues of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor-tadalafil, which differs in (i) ligand flexibility (rigid structure of tadalafil vs. conformational flexibility of newly synthesized compounds), (ii) stereochemistry associated with applied amino acid building blocks, and (iii) substitution with bromine atom in the piperonyl moiety. For both the intermediate and final compounds as well as for the parent molecule, we have established the crystal structures and performed a detailed analysis of their structural features. The initial screening of the cytotoxic effect on 16 different human cancer and non-cancer derived cell lines revealed that in most cases, the parent compound exhibited a stronger cytotoxic effect than new derivatives, except for two cell lines: HEK 293T (derived from a normal embryonic kidney, that expresses a mutant version of SV40 large T antigen) and MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma). Two independent studies on the inhibition of PDE5 activity, based on both pure enzyme assay and modulation of the release of nitric oxide from platelets under the influence of tadalafil and its analogues revealed that, unlike a reference compound that showed strong PDE5 inhibitory activity, the newly obtained compounds did not have a noticeable effect on PDE5 activity in the range of concentrations tested. Finally, we performed an investigation of the toxicological effect of synthesized compounds on Caenorhabditis elegans in the highest applied concentration of 6a,b and 7a,b (160 μM) and did not find any effect that would suggest disturbance to the life cycle of Caenorhabditis elegans. The lack of toxicity observed in Caenorhabditis elegans and enhanced, strengthened selectivity and activity toward the MCF7 cell line made 7a,b good leading structures for further structure activity optimization and makes 7a,b a reasonable starting point for the search of new, selective cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (M.W.-S.); (E.M.B.); (M.P.-B.); (K.D.); (I.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-592-3506
| | - Elżbieta Speina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (M.W.-S.); (E.M.B.); (M.P.-B.); (K.D.); (I.Z.)
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (D.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Maria Winiewska-Szajewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (M.W.-S.); (E.M.B.); (M.P.-B.); (K.D.); (I.Z.)
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina M. Borsuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (M.W.-S.); (E.M.B.); (M.P.-B.); (K.D.); (I.Z.)
| | - Małgorzata Podsiadła-Białoskórska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (M.W.-S.); (E.M.B.); (M.P.-B.); (K.D.); (I.Z.)
| | - Tomasz Przygodzki
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-235 Lodz, Poland; (T.P.); (L.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Drabikowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (M.W.-S.); (E.M.B.); (M.P.-B.); (K.D.); (I.Z.)
| | - Lidia Stanczyk
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-235 Lodz, Poland; (T.P.); (L.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Igor Zhukov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (M.W.-S.); (E.M.B.); (M.P.-B.); (K.D.); (I.Z.)
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-235 Lodz, Poland; (T.P.); (L.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (D.T.); (K.W.)
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7
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Mieczkowski A, Frączyk T, Psurski M, Wińska P, Siedlecki P, Dziełak M, Trzybiński D, Wilczek M, Bagiński M, Bieszczad B, Woźniak K. Design and in Vitro Characterization of Tricyclic Benzodiazepine Derivatives as Potent and Selective Antileukemic Agents. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000733. [PMID: 33236468 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently available chemotherapeutic treatments for blood cancers (leukemia) usually have strong side effects. More selective, efficient, and less toxic anticancer agents are needed. We synthesized seven, new, optically pure (12aS)-1,3,4,12a-tetrahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4],12(2H,11H)-dione derivatives and examined their cytotoxicity towards eight cancer cell lines, including urinary bladder (TCC-SUP, UM-UC-3, KU-19-9), colon (LoVo), and breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) cancer representatives, as well as two leukemic cell lines (MV-4-11, CCRF-CEM) and normal murine fibroblasts (Balb/3T3) as reference cell line. Three of the seven newly-obtained compounds ((12aS)-8-bromo-2-(3-phenylbenzoyl)-1,3,4,12a-tetrahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4],12(2H,11H)-dione, (12aS)-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(4-phenylbenzoyl)-1,3,4,12a-tetrahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4],12(2H,11H)-dione and (12aS)-8-nitro-2-(4-phenylbenzoyl)-1,3,4,12a-tetrahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4],12(2H,11H)-dione, showed enhanced activity and selectivity toward the leukemic MV-4-11 cell lines when compared to our previously reported compounds, with IC50 values in the range of 2.9-5.6 μM. Additionally, (12aS)-9-nitro-2-(4-phenylbenzoyl)-1,3,4,12a-tetrahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4],12(2H,11H)-dione exhibited a strong cytotoxic effect against the leukemic CCRF-CEM (IC50 =6.1 μM) and MV-4-11 (IC50 =11.0 μM) cell lines, a moderate cytotoxic effect toward other tumor lines (IC50 =31.8-55.0 μM) and very weak cytotoxic effect toward the Balb/3T3 reference cell lines. Selected compounds were further evaluated for their potential to induce apoptotic cell death in MV-4-11 cells by measuring caspase-3 activity. We also established the crystal structure of three products and investigated the effect of 22 derivatives of 1,3,4,12a-tetrahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4],12(2H,11H)-dione on the activity of the cancer-associated enzyme autotaxin. All compounds proved to be weak inhibitors of autotaxin, although some (R) and (S) enantiomers had Ki values of 10-19 μM. The obtained results showed that the tested compounds exhibited a selective antileukemic effect, which appeared not to be related directly to autotaxin. Molecular targets responsible for this effect remain to be identified. The newly obtained compounds can be used in the search for new, selective anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Frączyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Psurski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R., Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Siedlecki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dziełak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Wilczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Bagiński
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bieszczad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Bieszczad B, Siwek A, Wilczek M, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K, Satała G, Bojarski AJ, Mieczkowski A. Synthesis, crystal structure and biological activity of novel analogues of tricyclic drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127493. [PMID: 32798652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of fourteen novel, eight-membered lactam- and dilactam-based analogues of tricyclic drugs were obtained in a simple one-pot procedure. Crystal structures of two compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and their selected structural features were discussed and compared with those of imipramine and dibenzepine. Affinity of developed molecules for histamine receptor H1, serotonin receptors 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT6, 5-HT7, serotonin transporter (SERT) and dopamine receptor D2 was determined. The commercial drug dibenzepine was also checked on these molecular targets, as its mechanism of action is largely unknown. Two derivatives of 11,12-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]azocin-6(5H)-one (7,8) and two of dibenzo[b,f]azocin-6(5H)-one (9,10) were found to be active toward the H1 receptor in sub-micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bieszczad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Wilczek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12, Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12, Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Bieszczad B, Garbicz D, Trzybiński D, Dudek MK, Woźniak K, Grzesiuk E, Mieczkowski A. Unsymmetrically-Substituted 5,12-dihydrodibenzo[ b, f][1,4]diazocine-6,11-dione Scaffold-A Useful Tool for Bioactive Molecules Design. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122855. [PMID: 32575784 PMCID: PMC7356613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsymmetrically N-substituted and N,N'-disubstituted 5,12-dihydrodibenzo [b,f][1,4]diazocine-6,11-diones were synthesized in the new protocol. The desired modifications of the dibenzodiazocine scaffold were introduced at the stages of proper selection of building blocks as well as post-cyclization modifications with alkylation or acylation agents, expanding the structural diversity and possible applications of synthesized molecules. The extension of developed method resulted in the synthesis of novel: tricyclic 5,10-dihydrobenzo[b]thieno[3,4-f][1,4]diazocine-4,11-dione scaffold and fused pentacyclic framework possessing two benzodiazocine rings within its structure. Additionally, the unprecedented rearrangement of 5,12-dihydrodibenzo[b,f][1,4]diazocine-6,11-diones to 2-(2-aminophenyl)isoindoline-1,3-diones was observed under the basic conditions in the presence of sodium hydride for secondary dilactams. The structures of nine synthesized products have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Detailed crystallographic analysis of the investigated tri- and pentacyclic systems has shed more light on their structural features. One cell line derived from non-cancerous cells (EUFA30-human fibroblasts) and three tumor cells (U87-human primary glioblastoma, HeLa-cervix adenocarcinoma, BICR18-laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma) were used to determine the cytotoxic effect of the newly synthesized compounds. Although these compounds showed a relatively weak cytotoxic effect, the framework obtained for 5,12-dihydrodibenzo[b,f][1,4]diazocine-6,11-dione could serve as a convenient privilege structure for the design and development of novel bioactive molecules suitable for drug design, development and optimization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bieszczad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (B.B.); (D.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Damian Garbicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (B.B.); (D.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland; (D.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Marta K. Dudek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland; (D.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Elżbieta Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (B.B.); (D.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland; (B.B.); (D.G.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Marzec E, Świtalska M, Winiewska-Szajewska M, Wójcik J, Wietrzyk J, Maciejewska AM, Poznański J, Mieczkowski A. The halogenation of natural flavonoids, baicalein and chrysin, enhances their affinity to human protein kinase CK2. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1250-1261. [PMID: 32364671 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of halogenated derivatives of natural flavonoids: baicalein and chrysin were designed and investigated as possible ligands for the catalytic subunit of tumor-associated human kinase CK2. Thermal shift assay method, in silico modeling, and high-performance liquid chromatography-derived hydrophobicity together with IC50 values determined in biochemical assay were used to explain the ligand affinity to the catalytic subunit of human protein kinase CK2. Obtained results revealed that substitution of baicalein and chrysin with halogen atom increases their binding affinity to hCK2α, and for 8-chlorochrysin the observed effect is even stronger than for the reference CK2 inhibitor-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzotriazole. The cytotoxic activities of the baicalein and chrysin derivatives in the in vitro model have been evaluated for MV4-11 (human biphenotypic B myelomonocytic leukemia), A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), LoVo (human colon cancer), and MCF-7 (human breast cancer) as well as on the nontumorigenic human breast epithelial MCF-10A cell lines. Among the baicalein derivatives, the strongest cytotoxic effect was observed for 8-bromobaicalein, which exhibited the highest activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 (IC50 10 ± 3 μM). In the chrysin series, the strongest cytotoxic effect was observed for unsubstituted chrysin, which exhibited the highest activity against leukemic cell line MV4-11 (IC50 10 ± 4 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Marzec
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Winiewska-Szajewska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Wójcik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Jarosław Poznański
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Bieszczad B, Garbicz D, Trzybiński D, Mielecki D, Woźniak K, Grzesiuk E, Mieczkowski A. Unsymmetrically Substituted Dibenzo[ b,f][1,5]-diazocine-6,12(5 H,11 H)dione-A Convenient Scaffold for Bioactive Molecule Design. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040906. [PMID: 32085499 PMCID: PMC7070320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach for the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine-6,12(5H,11H)diones has been developed. This facile three-step method uses variously substituted 1H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-diones (isatoic anhydrides) and 2-aminobenzoic acids as a starting materials. The obtained products were further transformed into N-alkyl-, N-acetyl- and dithio analogues. Developed procedures allowed the synthesis of unsymmetrical dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine-6,12(5H,11H)diones and three novel heterocyclic scaffolds: benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-f][1,5]diazocine-6,14(5H,13H)dione, pyrido[3,2-c][1,5]benzodiazocine-5,11(6H,12H)-dione and pyrazino[3,2-c][1,5]benzodiazocine-6,12(5H,11H)dione. For 11 of the compounds crystal structures were obtained. The preliminary cytotoxic effect against two cancer (HeLa, U87) and two normal lines (HEK293, EUFA30) as well as antibacterial activity were determined. The obtained dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine(5H,11H)6,12-dione framework could serve as a privileged structure for the drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bieszczad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (D.M.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Damian Garbicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (D.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (D.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Damian Mielecki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (D.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (D.T.); (K.W.)
| | - Elżbieta Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (D.M.); (E.G.)
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (D.M.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (A.M.)
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12
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Bieszczad B, Pawlędzio S, Polak K, Antonowicz J, Mieczkowski A, Trzybiński D. Influence of halogen size on the supramolecular and energy landscape of the THF solvates of the halogen derivatives of dianthranilide. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detailed description of the crystal structure of the THF solvates of four halogen derivatives of dianthranilide has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bieszczad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-106 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Sylwia Pawlędzio
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Polak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Jerzy Antonowicz
- Faculty of Physics
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-662 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-106 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
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13
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Szebeni GJ, Balog JA, Demjén A, Alföldi R, Végi VL, Fehér LZ, Mán I, Kotogány E, Gubán B, Batár P, Hackler L, Kanizsai I, Puskás LG. Imidazo[1,2- b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides Induce Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells at Nanomolar Concentrations. Molecules 2018; 23:E2845. [PMID: 30388846 PMCID: PMC6278434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia, the malignancy of the hematopoietic system accounts for 10% of cancer cases with poor overall survival rate in adults; therefore, there is a high unmet medical need for the development of novel therapeutics. Eight imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides have been tested for cytotoxic activity against five leukemia cell lines: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1), acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (MOLT-4), biphenotypic B myelomonocytic leukemia (MV-4-11), and erythroleukemia (K-562) cells in vitro. Imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides hampered the viability of all five leukemia cell lines with different potential. Optimization through structure activity relationship resulted in the following IC50 values for the most effective lead compound DU385: 16.54 nM, 27.24 nM, and 32.25 nM on HL-60, MOLT-4, MV-4-11 cells, respectively. Human primary fibroblasts were much less sensitive in the applied concentration range. Both monolayer or spheroid cultures of murine 4T1 and human MCF7 breast cancer cells were less sensitive to treatment with 1.5⁻10.8 μM IC50 values. Flow cytometry confirmed the absence of necrosis and revealed 60% late apoptotic population for MV-4-11, and 50% early apoptotic population for HL-60. MOLT-4 cells showed only about 30% of total apoptotic population. Toxicogenomic study of DU385 on the most sensitive MV-4-11 cells revealed altered expression of sixteen genes as early (6 h), midterm (12 h), and late response (24 h) genes upon treatment. Changes in ALOX5AP, TXN, and SOD1 expression suggested that DU385 causes oxidative stress, which was confirmed by depletion of cellular glutathione and mitochondrial membrane depolarization induction. Imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides reported herein induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells at nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - József A Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - András Demjén
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Róbert Alföldi
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Vanessza L Végi
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | - Imola Mán
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Edit Kotogány
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Barbara Gubán
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter Batár
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - László Hackler
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Iván Kanizsai
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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