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Bian S, Zhang R, Nie J, Zhu M, Xie Z, Liao C, Wang Q. Progress with polo-like kinase (PLK) inhibitors: a patent review (2018-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:789-806. [PMID: 38994687 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2379924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have five isoforms, all of which play crucial roles in cell cycle and cell proliferation, offering opportunities for drug design and treatment of cancers and other related diseases. Notably, PLK1 and PLK4 have been extensively investigated as cancer drug targets. One distinctive feature of PLKs is the presence of a unique polo-box domain (PBD), which regulates kinase activity and subcellular localization. This provides possibilities for specifically targeting PLKs. AREA COVERED This article provides an overview of the roles of PLKs in various cancers and related diseases, as well as the drug development involving PLKs, with a particular focus on PLK1 and PLK4. It summarizes the PLK1 and PLK4 inhibitors that have been disclosed in patents or literature (from 2018 - present), which were sourced from SciFinder and WIPO database. EXPERT OPINION After two decades of drug development on PLKs, several drugs progressed into clinical trials for the treatment of many cancers; however, none of them has been approved yet. Further elucidating the mechanisms of PLKs and identifying and developing highly selective ATP-competitive inhibitors, highly potent drug-like PBD inhibitors, degraders, etc. may provide new opportunities for cancer therapy and the treatment for several nononcologic diseases. PLKs inhibition-based combination therapies can be another helpful strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Bian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianyu Nie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhouling Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Tsuji K, Tamamura H, Burke TR. Affinity enhancement of polo-like kinase 1 polo box domain-binding ligands by a bivalent approach using a covalent kinase-binding component. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:721-728. [PMID: 39092437 PMCID: PMC11289893 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is an important cell cycle regulator that is recognized as a target molecule for development of anti-cancer agents. Plk1 consists of a catalytic kinase domain (KD) and a polo-box domain (PBD), which engages in protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential to proper Plk1 function. Recently, we developed extremely high-affinity PBD-binding inhibitors based on a bivalent approach using the Plk1 KD-binding inhibitor, BI2536, and a PBD-binding peptide. Certain of the resulting bivalent constructs exhibited more than 100-fold Plk1 affinity enhancement relative to the best monovalent PBD-binding ligands. Herein, we report an extensive investigation of bivalent ligands that utilize the non-selective kinase inhibitor Wortmannin as a Plk1 KD-binding component. We found that bivalent ligands incorporating Wortmannin demonstrated affinity enhancements that could be similar to what we had obtained with BI2536 and that they could tightly bind to the protein. This suggests that these tight binding ligands might be useful for structural analysis of full-length Plk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsuji
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick MD 21702 USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Frederick MD 21702 USA
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Zhang C, Liu F, Zhang Y, Song C. Macrocycles and macrocyclization in anticancer drug discovery: Important pieces of the puzzle. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116234. [PMID: 38401189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Increasing disease-related proteins have been identified as novel therapeutic targets. Macrocycles are emerging as potential solutions, bridging the gap between conventional small molecules and biomacromolecules in drug discovery. Inspired by successful macrocyclic drugs of natural origins, macrocycles are attracting more attention for enhanced binding affinity and target selectivity. Due to the conformation constraint and structure preorganization, macrocycles can reach bioactive conformations more easily than parent acyclic compounds. Also, rational macrocyclization combined with sequent structural modification will help improve oral bioavailability and combat drug resistance. This review introduces various strategies to enhance membrane permeability in macrocyclization and subsequent modification, such as N-methylation, intramolecular hydrogen bonding modulation, isomerization, and reversible bicyclization. Several case studies highlight macrocyclic inhibitors targeting kinases, HDAC, and protein-protein interactions. Finally, some macrocyclic agents targeting tumor microenvironments are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Laboratory for Food and Medicine Homologous Natural Resources Development and Utilization, Belgorod College of Food Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Fenfen Liu
- Laboratory for Food and Medicine Homologous Natural Resources Development and Utilization, Belgorod College of Food Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Chun Song
- Laboratory for Food and Medicine Homologous Natural Resources Development and Utilization, Belgorod College of Food Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Zhou N, Zheng C, Tan H, Luo L. Identification of PLK1-PBD Inhibitors from the Library of Marine Natural Products: 3D QSAR Pharmacophore, ADMET, Scaffold Hopping, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Study. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:83. [PMID: 38393054 PMCID: PMC10890274 DOI: 10.3390/md22020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PLK1 is found to be highly expressed in various types of cancers, but the development of inhibitors for it has been slow. Most inhibitors are still in clinical stages, and many lack the necessary selectivity and anti-tumor effects. This study aimed to create new inhibitors for the PLK1-PBD by focusing on the PBD binding domain, which has the potential for greater selectivity. A 3D QSAR model was developed using a dataset of 112 compounds to evaluate 500 molecules. ADMET prediction was then used to select three molecules with strong drug-like characteristics. Scaffold hopping was employed to reconstruct 98 new compounds with improved drug-like properties and increased activity. Molecular docking was used to compare the efficient compound abbapolin, confirming the high-activity status of [(14S)-14-hydroxy-14-(pyridin-2-yl)tetradecyl]ammonium,[(14S)-15-(2-furyl)-14-hydroxypentadecyl]ammonium and [(14S)-14-hydroxy-14-phenyltetradecyl]ammonium. Molecular dynamics simulations and MMPBSA were conducted to evaluate the stability of the compounds in the presence of proteins. An in-depth analysis of [(14S)-15-(2-furyl)-14-hydroxypentadecyl]ammonium and [(14S)-14-hydroxy-14-phenyltetradecyl]ammonium identified them as potential candidates for PLK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (N.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Chuangze Zheng
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (N.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Huiting Tan
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (N.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
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Fetse J, Zhao Z, Liu H, Mamani UF, Mustafa B, Adhikary P, Ibrahim M, Liu Y, Patel P, Nakhjiri M, Alahmari M, Li G, Cheng K. Discovery of Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors Targeting PD-L1 for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12002-12013. [PMID: 36067356 PMCID: PMC10671706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of the interaction between programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and its receptor PD-1 has shown great success in cancer immunotherapy. Peptides possess unique characteristics that give them significant advantages as immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, unfavorable physicochemical properties and proteolytic stability profiles limit the translation of bioactive peptides as therapeutic agents. Studies have revealed that cyclization improves the biological activity and stability of linear peptides. In this study, we report the use of macrocyclization scanning for the discovery of cyclic anti-PD-L1 peptides with improved bioactivity. The cyclic peptides demonstrated up to a 34-fold improvement in the PD-1/PD-L1 blocking activity and significant in vivo anti-tumor activity. Our results demonstrate that macrocyclization scanning is an effective way to improve the serum stability and bioactivity of the anti-PD-L1 linear peptide. This strategy can be employed in the optimization of other bioactive peptides, particularly those for protein-protein interaction modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Fetse
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Umar-Farouk Mamani
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Bahaa Mustafa
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Pratik Adhikary
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Yanli Liu
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Pratikkumar Patel
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Maryam Nakhjiri
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Mohammed Alahmari
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Cherfi M, Harit T, Idrissi Yahyaoui M, Riahi A, Asehraou A, Malek F. Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and in-silico docking of two macrocycles based on pyrazole-tetrazole subunit. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Insights on the Synthesis of N-Heterocycles Containing Macrocycles and Their Complexion and Biological Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072123. [PMID: 35408522 PMCID: PMC9000807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic chemistry has been extensively developed over the past several decades. In fact, the architecture of new macrocyclic models has undergone exponential growth to offer molecules with specific properties. In this context, an attempt is made in this study to provide an overview of some synthetic methods allowing the elaboration of N-heterocycles containing macrocycles (imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, and pyrazole), as well as their applications in the complexation of metal cations or as pharmacological agents.
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Ryu S, Park JE, Ham YJ, Lim DC, Kwiatkowski NP, Kim DH, Bhunia D, Kim ND, Yaffe MB, Son W, Kim N, Choi TI, Swain P, Kim CH, Lee JY, Gray NS, Lee KS, Sim T. Novel Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics Targeting the Polo-Box Domain of Polo-Like Kinase 1. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1915-1932. [PMID: 35029981 PMCID: PMC10411393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The polo-box domain (PBD) of Plk1 is a promising target for cancer therapeutics. We designed and synthesized novel phosphorylated macrocyclic peptidomimetics targeting PBD based on acyclic phosphopeptide PMQSpTPL. The inhibitory activities of 16e on Plk1-PBD is >30-fold higher than those of PMQSpTPL. Both 16a and 16e possess excellent selectivity for Plk1-PBD over Plk2/3-PBD. Analysis of the cocrystal structure of Plk1-PBD in complex with 16a reveals that the 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl group in 16a interacts with Arg516 through a π-stacking interaction. This π-stacking interaction, which has not been reported previously, provides insight into the design of novel and potent Plk1-PBD inhibitors. Furthermore, 16h, a PEGlyated macrocyclic phosphopeptide derivative, induces Plk1 delocalization and mitotic failure in HeLa cells. Also, the number of phospho-H3-positive cells in a zebrafish embryo increases in proportion to the amount of 16a. Collectively, the novel macrocyclic peptidomimetics should serve as valuable templates for the design of potent and novel Plk1-PBD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeongShick Ryu
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Young Jin Ham
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C. Lim
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicholas P. Kwiatkowski
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Debabrata Bhunia
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- Voronoibio Inc., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States; Divisions of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, and Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Woolim Son
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkyoung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Puspanjali Swain
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kyung S. Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of, Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Taebo Sim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Hymel D, Tsuji K, Grant RA, Chingle RM, Kunciw DL, Yaffe MB, Burke TR. Design and synthesis of a new orthogonally protected glutamic acid analog and its use in the preparation of high affinity polo-like kinase 1 polo-box domain - binding peptide macrocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7843-7854. [PMID: 34346472 PMCID: PMC8456285 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeting protein - protein interactions (PPIs) has emerged as an important area of discovery for anticancer therapeutic development. In the case of phospho-dependent PPIs, such as the polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) polo-box domain (PBD), a phosphorylated protein residue can provide high-affinity recognition and binding to target protein hot spots. Developing antagonists of the Plk1 PBD can be particularly challenging if one relies solely on interactions within and proximal to the phospho-binding pocket. Fortunately, the affinity of phospho-dependent PPI antagonists can be significantly enhanced by taking advantage of interactions in both the phospho-binding site and hidden "cryptic" pockets that may be revealed on ligand binding. In our current paper, we describe the design and synthesis of macrocyclic peptide mimetics directed against the Plk1 PBD, which are characterized by a new glutamic acid analog that simultaneously serves as a ring-closing junction that provides accesses to a cryptic binding pocket, while at the same time achieving proper orientation of a phosphothreonine (pT) residue for optimal interaction in the signature phospho-binding pocket. Macrocycles prepared with this new amino acid analog introduce additional hydrogen-bonding interactions not found in the open-chain linear parent peptide. It is noteworthy that this new glutamic acid-based amino acid analog represents the first example of extremely high affinity ligands where access to the cryptic pocket from the pT-2 position is made possible with a residue that is not based on histidine. The concepts employed in the design and synthesis of these new macrocyclic peptide mimetics should be useful for further studies directed against the Plk1 PBD and potentially for ligands directed against other PPI targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hymel
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Robert A Grant
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ramesh M Chingle
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Dominique L Kunciw
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Zhang Z, Xing X, Guan P, Song S, You G, Xia C, Liu T. Recent progress in agents targeting polo-like kinases: Promising therapeutic strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113314. [PMID: 33765606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play important roles in regulating multiple aspects of cell cycle and cell proliferation. In many cancer types, PLK family members are often dysregulated, which can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and aberrant cell division and has been shown to associate with poor prognosis of cancers. The key roles of PLK kinases in cancers lead to an enhanced interest in them as promising targets for anticancer drug development. In consideration of PLK inhibitors and some other anticancer agents, such as BRD4, EEF2K and Aurora inhibitors, exert synergy effects in cancer cells, dual-targeting of PLK and other cancer-related targets is regarded as an rational and potent strategy to enhance the effectiveness of single-targeting therapy for cancer treatment. This review introduces the PLK family members at first and then focuses on the recent advances of single-target PLK inhibitors and summarizes the corresponding SARs of them. Moreover, we discuss the synergisms between PLK and other anti-tumor targets, and sum up the current dual-target agents based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Xing
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Shanghai Haini Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Pudong, Shanghai, 201100, PR China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Shubin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China
| | - Guirong You
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China.
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11
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Xu D, Li C. Regulation of the SIAH2-HIF-1 Axis by Protein Kinases and Its Implication in Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646687. [PMID: 33842469 PMCID: PMC8027324 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to hypoxia is a key biological process that facilitates adaptation of cells to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). This process is critical for cancer cells to adapt to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment resulting from rapid tumor growth. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor and a master regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia. The activity of HIF-1 is dictated primarily by its alpha subunit (HIF-1α), whose level and/or activity are largely regulated by an oxygen-dependent and ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated process. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) catalyze hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitin-dependent degradation of HIF-1α by the proteasome. Seven in Absentia Homolog 2 (SIAH2), a RING finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, stabilizes HIF-1α by targeting PHDs for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the proteasome. This SIAH2-HIF-1 signaling axis is important for maintaining the level of HIF-1α under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. A number of protein kinases have been shown to phosphorylate SIAH2, thereby regulating its stability, activity, or substrate binding. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of the SIAH2-HIF-1 axis via phosphorylation of SIAH2 by these kinases and the potential implication of this regulation in cancer biology and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Cen Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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Zhao XZ, Tsuji K, Hymel D, Burke TR. Development of Highly Selective 1,2,3-Triazole-containing Peptidic Polo-like Kinase 1 Polo-box Domain-binding Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:E1488. [PMID: 31014020 PMCID: PMC6515314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the polo-like kinase (Plk) family of serine/threonine protein kinases play crucial roles in cell cycle regulation and proliferation. Of the five Plks (Plk1-5), Plk1 is recognized as an anticancer drug target. Plk1 contains multiple structural components that are important for its proper biological function. These include an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal non-catalytic polo-box domain (PBD). The PBD binds to phosphothreonine (pT) and phosphoserine-containing sequences. Blocking PBD-dependent interactions offers a potential means of down-regulating Plk1 function that is distinct from targeting its ATP-binding site. Previously, we demonstrated by tethering alkylphenyl chains from the N(π)-position of the His residue in the 5-mer PLHSpT, that we were able to access a hydrophobic "cryptic" binding pocket on the surface of the PBD, and in so doing enhance binding affinities by approximately 1000-fold. More recently, we optimized these PBD-ligand interactions using an oxime ligation-based strategy. Herein, using azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, we explore new triazole-containing PBD-binding antagonists. Some of these ligands retain the high PBD-binding affinity of the parent peptide, while showing desirable enhanced selectivity for the PBD of Plk1 relative to the PBDs of Plk2 and Plk3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhi Zhao
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - David Hymel
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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