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Moustafa AH, AboulMagd AM, Ali AM, Khodairy A, Marzouk AA, Nafady A, T M Nemr M. Novel guanidine derivatives targeting leukemia as selective Src/Abl dual inhibitors: Design, synthesis and anti-proliferative activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107410. [PMID: 38688197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A new series of benzene-sulfonamide derivatives 3a-i was designed and synthesized via the reaction of N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)cyanamides 1a-i with sulfamethazine sodium salt 2 as dual Src/Abl inhibitors. Spectral data IR, 1H-, 13C- NMR and elemental analyses were used to confirm the structures of all the newly synthesized compounds 3a-i and 4a-i. Crucially, we screened all the synthesized compounds 3a-i against NCI 60 cancer cell lines. Among all, compound 3b was the most potent, with IC50 of 0.018 μM for normoxia, and 0.001 μM for hypoxia, compared to staurosporine against HL-60 leukemia cell line. To verify the selectivity of this derivative, it was assessed against a panel of tyrosine kinase EGFR, VEGFR-2, B-raf, ERK, CK1, p38-MAPK, Src and Abl enzymes. Results revealed that compound 3b can effectively and selectively inhibit Src/Abl with IC500.25 μM and Abl inhibitory activity with IC500.08 μM, respectively, and was found to be more potent on these enzymes than other kinases that showed the following results: EGFR IC500.31 μM, VEGFR-2 IC500.68 μM, B-raf IC500.33 μM, ERK IC501.41 μM, CK1 IC500.29 μM and p38-MAPK IC500.38 μM. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis performed to compound 3b against HL-60 suggesting its antiproliferative activity through Src/Abl inhibition. Finally, molecular docking studies and physicochemical properties prediction for compounds 3b, 3c, and 3 h were carried out to investigate their biological activities and clarify their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr H Moustafa
- Faculty of Science, King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, Sinai 46612, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M AboulMagd
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ali M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Khodairy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Adel A Marzouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut-71524, Egypt; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T M Nemr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini street 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Poggialini F, Vagaggini C, Brai A, Pasqualini C, Carbone A, Musumeci F, Schenone S, Dreassi E. Sweet Cherry Extract as Permeation Enhancer of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Promising Prospective for Future Oral Anticancer Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1527. [PMID: 38004393 PMCID: PMC10674987 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although patients would rather oral therapies to injections, the gastrointestinal tract's low permeability makes this method limiting for most compounds, including anticancer drugs. Due to their low bioavailability, oral antitumor therapies suffer from significant variability in pharmacokinetics and efficacy. The improvement of their pharmacokinetic profiles can be achieved by a new approach: the use of natural extracts enriched with polyphenolic compounds that act as intestinal permeability enhancers. Here, we propose a safe sweet cherry extract capable of enhancing oral absorption. The extract was characterized by the HPLC-UV/MS method, evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity, safety on the Caco-2 cell line, and as a potential permeation enhancer. The sweet cherry extract showed a high antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays were 211.74 and 48.65 µmol of Trolox equivalent/g dried extract, respectively), high content of polyphenols (8.44 mg of gallic acid per gram of dry extract), and anthocyanins (1.80 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per g of dry extract), reassuring safety profile (cell viability never lower than 98%), and a significant and fully reversible ability to alter the integrity of the Caco-2 monolayer (+81.5% of Lucifer yellow permeability after 2 h). Furthermore, the ability of the sweet cherry extract to improve the permeability (Papp) and modify the efflux ratio (ER) of reference compounds (atenolol, propranolol, and dasatinib) and selected pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives was investigated. The obtained results show a significant increase in apparent permeability across the Caco-2 monolayer (tripled and quadrupled in most cases), and an interesting decrease in efflux ratio when compounds were co-incubated with sweet cherry extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudia Pasqualini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
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3
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Contadini C, Cirotti C, Carbone A, Norouzi M, Cianciusi A, Crespan E, Perini C, Maga G, Barilà D, Musumeci F, Schenone S. Identification and Biological Characterization of the Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Derivative SI388 Active as Src Inhibitor. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:958. [PMID: 37513870 PMCID: PMC10384936 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) whose involvement in cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM), has been extensively demonstrated. In this context, we started from our in-house library of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines that are active as Src and/or Bcr-Abl TK inhibitors and performed a lead optimization study to discover a new generation derivative that is suitable for Src kinase targeting. We synthesized a library of 19 compounds, 2a-s. Among these, compound 2a (SI388) was identified as the most potent Src inhibitor. Based on the cell-free results, we investigated the effect of SI388 in 2D and 3D GBM cellular models. Interestingly, SI388 significantly inhibits Src kinase, and therefore affects cell viability, tumorigenicity and enhances cancer cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Contadini
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mehrdad Norouzi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Cianciusi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Perini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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4
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Biological Evaluation and In Vitro Characterization of ADME Profile of In-House Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidines as Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Active against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020453. [PMID: 36839775 PMCID: PMC9966370 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represents one of the successful strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have already been reported as promising small molecules active as c-Src/Abl dual inhibitors. Herein, we present a series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives, selected from our in-house library, to identify a promising candidate active against GBM. The inhibitory activity against c-Src and Abl was investigated, and the antiproliferative profile against four GBM cell lines was studied. For the most active compounds endowed with antiproliferative efficacy in the low-micromolar range, the effects toward nontumoral, healthy cell lines (fibroblasts FIBRO 2-93 and keratinocytes HaCaT) was investigated. Lastly, the in silico and in vitro ADME properties of all compounds were also assessed. Among the tested compounds, the promising inhibitory activity against c-Src and Abl (Ki 3.14 µM and 0.44 µM, respectively), the irreversible, apoptotic-mediated death toward U-87, LN18, LN229, and DBTRG GBM cell lines (IC50 6.8 µM, 10.8 µM, 6.9 µM, and 8.5 µM, respectively), the significant reduction in GBM cell migration, the safe profile toward FIBRO 2-93 and HaCaT healthy cell lines (CC50 91.7 µM and 126.5 µM, respectively), the high metabolic stability, and the excellent passive permeability across gastrointestinal and blood-brain barriers led us to select compound 5 for further in vivo assays.
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5
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Di Maria S, Picarazzi F, Mori M, Cianciusi A, Carbone A, Crespan E, Perini C, Sabetta S, Deplano S, Poggialini F, Molinari A, Aronne R, Maccioni E, Maga G, Angelucci A, Schenone S, Musumeci F, Dreassi E. Novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as dual Src/Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106071. [PMID: 35932498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase (TK) is the molecular hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Src is another TK kinase whose involvement in CML was widely demonstrated. Small molecules active as dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitors emerged as effective targeted therapies for CML and a few compounds are currently in clinical use. In this study, we applied a target-oriented approach to identify a family of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitors as anti-leukemia agents. Considering the high homology between Src and Bcr-Abl, in-house Src inhibitors 8a-l and new analogue compounds 9a-n were screened as dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitors. The antiproliferative activity on K562 CML cells and the ADME profile were determined for the most promising compounds. Molecular modeling studies elucidated the binding mode of the inhibitors into the Bcr-Abl (wt) catalytic pocket. Compounds 8j and 8k showed nanomolar activities in enzymatic and cellular assays, together with favorable ADME properties, emerging as promising candidates for CML therapy. Finally, derivatives 9j and 9k, emerging as valuable inhibitors of the most aggressive Bcr-Abl mutation, T315I, constitute a good starting point in the search for compounds able to treat drug-resistant forms of CML. Overall, this study allowed us to identify more potent compounds than those previously reported by the group, marking a step forward in searching for new antileukemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Di Maria
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Picarazzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annarita Cianciusi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Perini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Samantha Sabetta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Serenella Deplano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A-Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessio Molinari
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rossella Aronne
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elias Maccioni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A-Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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6
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Arshad M, Akhter MS. Synthesis, Characterization, Biological, and Molecular Docking Studies of (Z)-N-Substituted-4-(Pyridin-2-yl)-6-(1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-b]Pyridin-4-yl)Pyrimidin-2-Amine. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Monteleone L, Marengo B, Musumeci F, Grossi G, Carbone A, Valenti GE, Domenicotti C, Schenone S. Anti-Survival Effect of SI306 and Its Derivatives on Human Glioblastoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071399. [PMID: 35890294 PMCID: PMC9318396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult brain tumor and, although many efforts have been made to find valid therapies, the onset of resistance is the main cause of recurrence. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and target the molecular mediators responsible for GBM malignancy. In this context, the use of Src inhibitors such as SI306 (C1) and its prodrug (C2) showed promising results, suggesting that SI306 could be the lead compound useful to derivate new anti-GBM drugs. Therefore, a new prodrug of SI306 (C3) was synthesized and tested on CAS-1 and U87 human GBM cells by comparing its effect to that of C1 and C2. All compounds were more effective on CAS-1 than U87 cells, while C2 was the most active on both cell lines. Moreover, the anti-survival effect was associated with a reduction in the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)WT and EGFR-vIII in U87 and CAS-1 cells, respectively. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that all tested compounds are able to counteract GBM survival, further supporting the role of SI306 as progenitor of promising new drugs to treat malignant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Monteleone
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Giancarlo Grossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Giulia E. Valenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.M.); (B.M.); (G.E.V.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-353-8830
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
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8
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Abdelgawad MA, Elkanzi NA, Nayl A, Musa A, Hadal Alotaibi N, Arafa W, Gomha SM, Bakr RB. Targeting tumor cells with pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold: A literature review on synthetic approaches, structure activity relationship, structural and target-based mechanisms. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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9
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Zaldumbide L, Mosteiro L, López-Almaraz R, García de Andoin N, Aguirre P, Emaldi M, Torices L, López JI, Pulido R. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Neuroblastoma: Emerging Roles as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:811297. [PMID: 34957126 PMCID: PMC8692838 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.811297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer intimately related with early development and differentiation of neuroendocrine cells, and constitutes one of the pediatric cancers with higher incidence and mortality. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are key regulators of cell growth and differentiation by their direct effect on tyrosine dephosphorylation of specific protein substrates, exerting major functions in the modulation of intracellular signaling during neuron development in response to external cues driving cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We review here the current knowledge on the role of PTPs in neuroblastoma cell growth, survival, and differentiation. The potential of PTPs as biomarkers and molecular targets for inhibition in neuroblastoma therapies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier, ; Rafael Pulido,
| | - Laura Zaldumbide
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Lorena Mosteiro
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo Aguirre
- Department of Pathology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maite Emaldi
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Leire Torices
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José I. López
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- *Correspondence: Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier, ; Rafael Pulido,
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10
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Asati V, Anant A, Patel P, Kaur K, Gupta GD. Pyrazolopyrimidines as anticancer agents: A review on structural and target-based approaches. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113781. [PMID: 34438126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold is one of the privileged heterocycles in drug discovery. This scaffold produced numerous biological activities in which anticancer is important one. Previous studies showed its importance in interactions with various receptors such as growth factor receptor, TGFBR2 gene, CDK2/cyclin E and Abl kinase, adenosine receptor, calcium-dependent Protein Kinase, Pim-1 kinase, Potent Janus kinase 2, BTK kinase, P21-activated kinase 1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2, histone lysine demethylase and Human Kinesin-5. However, there is a need of numerous studies for the discovery of target based potential compounds. The structure activity relationship studies may help to explore the generation of potential compounds in short time period. Therefore, in the present review we tried to explore the structural aspects of Pyrazolopyrimidine with their structure activity relationship against various targets for the development of potential compounds. The current review is the compilation of significant advances made on Pyrazolopyrimidines reported between 2015 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
| | - Arjun Anant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - G D Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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11
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Synthetic Heterocyclic Derivatives as Kinase Inhibitors Tested for the Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237069. [PMID: 34885651 PMCID: PMC8658969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, small molecules endowed with different heterocyclic scaffolds have been developed as kinase inhibitors. Some of them are being tested at preclinical or clinical levels for the potential treatment of neuroblastoma (NB). This disease is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood and is responsible for 10% to 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Despite the availability of some treatments, including the use of very toxic cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, high-risk (HR)-NB patients still have a poor prognosis and a survival rate below 50%. For these reasons, new pharmacological options are urgently needed. This review focuses on synthetic heterocyclic compounds published in the last five years, which showed at least some activity on this severe disease and act as kinase inhibitors. The specific mechanism of action, selectivity, and biological activity of these drug candidates are described, when established. Moreover, the most remarkable clinical trials are reported. Importantly, kinase inhibitors approved for other diseases have shown to be active and endowed with lower toxicity compared to conventional cytotoxic agents. The data collected in this article can be particularly useful for the researchers working in this area.
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12
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Thio-substituted derivatives of 4-amino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thiol as antiproliferative agents. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1515-1530. [PMID: 34251285 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to identify new compounds as potential antiproliferative drug candidates. Synthesis of heteroaromatic bicyclic and monocyclic derivatives as purine bioisosters was employed. Their antiproliferative activity was studied against U937 cancer cells. The most effective compounds were evaluated for their selectivity against cancer cells, the possible mechanism of cell death, and their interference with DNA replication. Among the synthesized compounds, only three (4b, 4j and 4l) demonstrated a value of IC50 less than 20 μM. However, two of them (4b and 4l) were specific against cancer cells, with 4l presenting high selectivity. The presence of substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine core is as essential for this activity as the presence of substituents at the thiol function in 6-position.
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Baillache DJ, Unciti-Broceta A. Recent developments in anticancer kinase inhibitors based on the pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1112-1135. [PMID: 33479617 PMCID: PMC7652001 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have become of significant interest for the medicinal chemistry community as a privileged scaffold for the development of kinase inhibitors to treat a range of diseases, including cancer. This fused nitrogen-containing heterocycle is an isostere of the adenine ring of ATP, allowing the molecules to mimic hinge region binding interactions in kinase active sites. Similarities in kinase ATP sites can be exploited to direct the activity and selectivity of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines to multiple oncogenic targets through focussed chemical modification. As a result, pharma and academic efforts have succeeded in progressing several pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines to clinical trials, including the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, which has been approved for the treatment of several B-cell cancers. In this review, we examine the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines currently in clinical trials for oncology patients, as well as those published in the literature during the last 5 years for different anticancer indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Baillache
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh EH4 2XR , UK .
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh EH4 2XR , UK .
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Alharthy RD. Design and Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolo[3,4-d]Pyrimidines: In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation and Free Radical Scavenging Activity Studies. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Greco C, Taresco V, Pearce AK, Vasey CE, Smith S, Rahman R, Alexander C, Cavanagh RJ, Musumeci F, Schenone S. Development of Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Clinical Candidates for Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:657-663. [PMID: 32435367 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Residual cells at the tumor margin are responsible for up to 85% of GBM recurrences after standard treatment. Despite this evidence, the identification of compounds active on this cell population is still an underexplored field. Herein, starting from the knowledge that kinases are implicated in GBM, we evaluated three in-house pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines active as Src, Fyn, and SGK1 kinase inhibitors against patient derived cell lines from either the invasive region or contrast-enhanced core of GBM. We identified our Src inhibitor, SI306, as a promising lead compound for eradicating invasive GBM cells. Furthermore, aiming at the development of a feasible oral treatment for GBM, we performed a formulation study using 2D inkjet printing to generate soluble polymer-drug dispersions. Overall, this study led to the identification of a set of polymer-formulated pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine kinase inhibitors as promising candidates for GBM preclinical efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Amanda K. Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Catherine E. Vasey
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Stuart Smith
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Robert J. Cavanagh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Arshad M. Design, computational, synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, MTT and molecular docking assessment of bipyrimidine derivatives possessing indole moiety. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mori M, Manetti F, Botta B, Tafi A. In Memory of Maurizio Botta: His Contribution to the Development of Computer-Aided Drug Design. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4961-4967. [PMID: 31804073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , Sapienza University of Rome , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Tafi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
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Ancuceanu R, Tamba B, Stoicescu CS, Dinu M. Use of QSAR Global Models and Molecular Docking for Developing New Inhibitors of c-src Tyrosine Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010019. [PMID: 31861445 PMCID: PMC6981969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A prototype of a family of at least nine members, cellular Src tyrosine kinase is a therapeutically interesting target because its inhibition might be of interest not only in a number of malignancies, but also in a diverse array of conditions, from neurodegenerative pathologies to certain viral infections. Computational methods in drug discovery are considerably cheaper than conventional methods and offer opportunities of screening very large numbers of compounds in conditions that would be simply impossible within the wet lab experimental settings. We explored the use of global quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models and molecular ligand docking in the discovery of new c-src tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Using a dataset of 1038 compounds from ChEMBL database, we developed over 350 QSAR classification models. A total of 49 models with reasonably good performance were selected and the models were assembled by stacking with a simple majority vote and used for the virtual screening of over 100,000 compounds. A total of 744 compounds were predicted by at least 50% of the QSAR models as active, 147 compounds were within the applicability domain and predicted by at least 75% of the models to be active. The latter 147 compounds were submitted to molecular ligand docking using AutoDock Vina and LeDock, and 89 were predicted to be active based on the energy of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ancuceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Bogdan Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Silvia Stoicescu
- Department of Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (M.D.)
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