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Hou X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Xiao Z. Discovery of Novel Biphenyl Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Potent URAT1 Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:7415. [PMID: 37959834 PMCID: PMC10648204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is a clinically validated target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Due to the absence of protein structures, the molecular design of new URAT1 inhibitors generally resorts to ligand-based approaches. Two series of biphenyl carboxylic acids were designed based on the structures of URAT1 inhibitors Epaminurad and Telmisartan via a strategy of pharmacophore fusion. Fifty-one novel compounds were synthesized and most of them showed obvious inhibition against human URAT1. A1 and B21 were identified as the most potent URAT1 inhibitors in series A and B, respectively. They exhibited IC50 values of 0.93 μM and 0.17 μM, which were comparable or superior to the clinical uricosuric drug benzbromarone. The results confirmed the effectiveness of ligand-based approaches in identifying novel and potent URAT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Discovery of novel benzbromarone analogs with improved pharmacokinetics and benign toxicity profiles as antihyperuricemic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114682. [PMID: 36001935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Benzbromarone (BM) is a potent URAT1 inhibitor approved for the treatment of gout. However, the low URAT1-selectivity and hepatotoxcity limit its clinical use. To solve these problems, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of BM derivatives by chemotype hybridization and bioisosteric replacement. Most compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activities against URAT1 with IC50 values ranging from 5.83 μM to 0.80 μM. Among them, JNS4 exhibited the highest URAT1 inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 0.80 μM, comparable to that of BM (IC50 = 0.53 μM). Molecular dynamic simulations showed that JNS4 formed π-cation interaction with R477, the same as BM. Different from BM, JNS4 bound to W357 and H245 via π-π interactions and formed a hydrogen bond with S35, which might contribute to the high URAT1 binding affinity of JNS4. JNS4 hardly inhibited GLUT9 (IC50 > 20 μM), another urate reabsorption transporter. In addition, JNS4 showed little inhibitory effects against OAT1 and ABCG2 with IC50 of 4.04 μM and 10.16 μM, respectively. Importantly, JNS4 displayed higher in vivo urate-lowering effects at doses of 1-4 mg/kg in a mouse model of hyperuricemia, as compared to BM and lesinurad. Furthermore, JNS4 possessed favorable pharmacokinetic properties with an oral bioavailability of 55.28%, significantly higher than that of BM (36.11%). Moreover, JNS4 demonstrated benign toxicity profiles (no cytotoxicities against HepG2 and HK2 cells; no hepatic and renal toxicities observed in vivo). Collectively, these results suggest that JNS4 represents a novel, safe and selective URAT1 inhibitor with excellent druggabilities and is worthy of further investigation as an anti-hyperuricemic agent.
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Tateishi Y, Shibazaki C, Takahashi K, Nakamura S, Kazuki Y, Mashino T, Ohe T. Synthesis and evaluation of tofacitinib analogs designed to mitigate metabolic activation. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 43:100439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Uda J, Kobashi S, Ashizawa N, Matsumoto K, Iwanaga T. Novel monocyclic amide-linked phenol derivatives without mitochondrial toxicity have potent uric acid-lowering activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127900. [PMID: 33684442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although benzbromarone (BBR) is a conventional, highly potent uricosuric drug, it is not a standard medicine because it causes rare but fatal fulminant hepatitis. We transformed the bis-aryl ketone structure of BBR to generate novel monocyclic amide-linked phenol derivatives that should possess uric acid excretion activity without adverse properties associated with BBR. The derivatives were synthesized and tested for uric acid uptake inhibition (UUI) in two assays using either urate transporter 1-expressing cells or primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. We also evaluated their inhibitory activity against mitochondrial respiration as a critical mitochondrial toxicity parameter. Some derivatives with UUI activity had no mitochondrial toxicity, including compound 3f, which effectively lowered the plasma uric acid level in Cebus apella. Thus, 3f is a promising candidate for further development as a uricosuric agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Uda
- Medical R&D Division, FUJI YAKUHIN CO., LTD., Laboratory 1, 1-32-3, Nishiomiya, Nishi-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-0078 Japan.
| | - Seiichi Kobashi
- Medical R&D Division, FUJI YAKUHIN CO., LTD., Laboratory 1, 1-32-3, Nishiomiya, Nishi-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-0078 Japan
| | - Naoki Ashizawa
- Medical R&D Division, FUJI YAKUHIN CO., LTD., Laboratory 2, 636-1, Iidashinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-0068, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Medical R&D Division, FUJI YAKUHIN CO., LTD., Laboratory 2, 636-1, Iidashinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-0068, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwanaga
- Medical R&D Division, FUJI YAKUHIN CO., LTD., Laboratory 2, 636-1, Iidashinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-0068, Japan
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Yamamoto Y, Yamada Y, Sajiki H, Sawama Y. One-Pot Heteroarene Synthesis Based on Ruthenium-on-Carbon-Catalyzed Oxidative Aromatization Using Oxygen. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Uda J, Kobashi S, Miyata S, Ashizawa N, Matsumoto K, Iwanaga T. Discovery of Dotinurad (FYU-981), a New Phenol Derivative with Highly Potent Uric Acid Lowering Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2017-2023. [PMID: 33062187 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To derive new uricosuric agents, novel phenol derivatives were synthesized to overcome the disadvantages of benzbromarone (BBR), attributed by its structural features. Herein, we report the discovery of new phenol derivatives with a 1,1-dioxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,3-benzothiazole scaffold. The selected compound 11 (dotinurad, FYU-981) demonstrated remarkable inhibitory activity on uric acid uptake by primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) and URAT1-mediated uric acid transport, with weak inhibitory activity against mitochondrial respiration. Dotinurad also displayed favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and higher potency in decreasing uric acid than BBR did in Cebus monkeys. Dotinurad has been approved as a new uricosuric medicine in Japan. Our strategy, which focuses on the structural features resulting in unfavorable effects, could be applied to the future developments of other drugs with disadvantages, particularly those having a bis-aryl ketone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Uda
- Research Laboratories 1, Medical R&D Division, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 1-32-3, Nishiomiya, Nishi-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-0078, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kobashi
- Research Laboratories 1, Medical R&D Division, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 1-32-3, Nishiomiya, Nishi-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-0078, Japan
| | - Sachiho Miyata
- Research Laboratories 1, Medical R&D Division, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 1-32-3, Nishiomiya, Nishi-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-0078, Japan
| | - Naoki Ashizawa
- Research Laboratories 2, Medical R&D Division, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 636-1, Iidashinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-0068, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Research Laboratories 2, Medical R&D Division, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 636-1, Iidashinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-0068, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwanaga
- Research Laboratories 2, Medical R&D Division, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 636-1, Iidashinden, Nishi-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-0068, Japan
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The uricosuric benzbromarone disturbs the mitochondrial redox homeostasis and activates the NRF2 signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:216-226. [PMID: 32198009 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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