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Jiang XL, Ma GF, Zhao BB, Meng Y, Chen LL. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1190233. [PMID: 37256230 PMCID: PMC10225580 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1190233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Polysaccharides are important components of Panax notoginseng that contribute to its immunomodulatory ability. This study aimed to isolate polysaccharides from notoginseng and investigate the structural feature and potential immunomodulatory activity. Methods: The polysaccharide was isolated from notoginseng by anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. Its preliminary structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The immunoregulatory function was further investigated in cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressive mice, murine splenocytes and macrophages. Results: A novel homogeneous polysaccharide (PNPB1) was isolated from notoginseng with the molecular weight of 9.3 × 105 Da. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that PNPB1 consisted of Glc (88.2%), Gal (9.0%), Ara (2.4%) and trace GlcA, with the major backbone of (1→4)-linked α-Glcp, (1→6)-linked β-Glcp, and (1, 4→6)-linked β-Glcp. The polysaccharide was found to significantly enhance murine body weight, improve their thymus and spleen indices and increase the white blood cells (WBC). PNPB1 significantly enhanced splenic lymphocyte proliferation, NO and cytokine (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ) production, as well as the phagocytosis and TLR2 expression of peritoneal macrophages, indicating potent immunoenhancement effect. Discussion: These findings provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the structure and immune activity of notoginseng polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Gai-Fan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin-Bin Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Guo C, Zhang L, Zhao M, Ai Y, Liao W, Wan L, Liu Q, Li S, Zeng J, Ma X, Tang J. Targeting lipid metabolism with natural products: A novel strategy for gastrointestinal cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2023; 37:2036-2050. [PMID: 36748953 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC), including gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, is a common malignant tumor originating from gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Although the pathogenesis of GIC remains unclear, aberrant lipid metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of cancer. Several enzymes, proteins, and transcription factors are involved in lipid metabolism reprogramming in GIC, and their abnormal expression can promote lipid synthesis and accumulation of lipid droplets through numerous mechanisms, thereby affecting the growth, proliferation, and metastasis of GIC cells. Studies show that some natural compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, can inhibit the de novo synthesis of lipids in GIC, reduce the level of lipid accumulation, and subsequently, inhibit the occurrence and development of GIC by regulating Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin PI3K/Akt/mTOR, amongst other targets and pathways. Therefore, targeting tumor lipid metabolism is the focus of anti-gastrointestinal tumor therapy. Although most natural products require further high-quality studies to firmly establish their clinical efficacy, we review the potential of natural products in the treatment of GIC and summarize the application prospect of lipid metabolism as a new target for the treatment of GIC, hoping to provide a reference for drug development for gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Ai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lina Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Galf-containing polysaccharides from medicinal molds: Sources, structures and bioactive properties. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Zongo AWS, Zogona D, Zhang Z, Youssef M, Zhou P, Chen Y, Geng F, Chen Y, Li J, Li B. Immunomodulatory activity of Senegalia macrostachya (Reichenb. ex DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr seed polysaccharide fraction through the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Funct 2022; 13:4664-4677. [PMID: 35377370 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04432j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Senegalia macrostachya (Reichenb. ex DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr seed (SMS) is a wild legume used as food and medicine in many African countries. In the current study, a novel polysaccharide (SMSP2) was extracted from SMS using hot water and purified with DEAE-52 cellulose. Its structure was characterized, and the immunomodulatory activity and possible molecular mechanism in murine macrophage RAW264.7 were explored. The results revealed that SMSP2 was a uronic acid-rich polysaccharide (51.6%, w/w) with a molecular weight of 52.07 kDa. The neutral sugars were mainly arabinose, xylose, mannose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.00 : 0.84 : 0.90 : 0.07. Interestingly, SMSP2 treatment markedly promoted macrophage proliferation and phagocytosis and induced the expression of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. SMSP2-induced macrophage stimulation occurs through the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Moreover, macrophage surface complement receptor 3 (CR3) might play an important role in SMSP2-induced macrophage activation. This study revealed that SMSP2 is a potent immunomodulator, which could be used as a functional food and a pharmaceutical adjuvant in treating immune-compromising diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Wend-Soo Zongo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Center for Research in Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Daniel Zogona
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Center for Research in Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Mahmoud Youssef
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peiyuan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fang Geng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Wang Q, Wei M, Zhang J, Yue Y, Wu N, Geng L, Sun C, Zhang Q, Wang J. Structural characteristics and immune-enhancing activity of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by marine Halomonas sp. 2E1. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1660-1668. [PMID: 34048832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides from extreme environments, such as cold seeps and hydrothermal vents, usually exhibit novel structural features and diverse biological activities. In this study, an exopolysaccharide (EPS2E1) was isolated from cold-seep bacterium Halomonas sp. 2E1 and its immune-enhancing activity was evaluated. The total sugar content and protein content were determined as 83.1% and 7.9%, respectively. EPS2E1 contained mannose and glucose with the molar ratio of 3.76: 1. The molecular weight was determined to be 47.0 kDa. Structural analysis indicated that EPS2E1 was highly branched, the backbone mainly consisted of →2)-Man-(α-1→ and →2, 6)-Man-(α-1→ with the ratio of 2.45: 1.00. The chain also contained →4)-Glc-(α-1→, →6)-Man-(α-1→ and →3)-Glc-(β-1→. EPS2E1 could significantly increase the production of NO, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by activating the MAPK and NF-κB pathways on RAW264.7 macrophages. EPS2E1 exhibits the potential to be an immunopotentiator in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingChi Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maosheng Wei
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yang Yue
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihua Geng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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