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Wang R, Huang R, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Shen K. The anti-breast cancer potential of indole/isatin hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300402. [PMID: 37650315 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and the major contributor to cancer mortality in women globally, with a high degree of heterogeneity and a dismal prognosis. As drug resistance is responsible for most BC fatalities and advanced BC is currently considered incurable, finding innovative anti-BC chemotherapeutics is urgently required. Indole and its analog isatin (indole-1H-2,3-dione) are prominent pharmacophores in the development of novel medications, and their derivatives exhibit strong anticancer activities, also against BC. In particular, indole/isatin hybrids exhibit significant potency against BC including multidrug-resistant forms and excellent selectivity by influencing a variety of biological targets associated with the disease, supplying helpful building blocks for the identification of potential new BC treatment options. This review includes articles from 2020 to the present and provides insights into the in vitro and in vivo anti-BC potential, molecular mechanisms, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of indole/isatin hybrids that may be helpful in the development of innovative anti-BC chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yao J, Tao Y, Hu Z, Li J, Xue Z, Zhang Y, Lei Y. Optimization of small molecule degraders and antagonists for targeting estrogen receptor based on breast cancer: current status and future. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1225951. [PMID: 37808197 PMCID: PMC10551544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1225951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) is a classical receptor protein that plays a crucial role in mediating multiple signaling pathways in various target organs. It has been shown that ER-targeting therapies inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation, enhance neuronal protection, and promote osteoclast formation. Several drugs have been designed to specifically target ER in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) such as Tamoxifen. However, the emergence of drug resistance in ER+ breast cancer and the potential side effects on the endometrium which has high ER expression has posed significant challenges in clinical practice. Recently, novel ER-targeted drugs, namely, selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) and selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonist (SERCA) have shown promise in addressing these concerns. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structural functions of ER and highlights recent advancements in SERD and SERCA-related small molecule drugs, especially focusing on their structural optimization strategies and future optimization directions. Additionally, the therapeutic potential and challenges of novel SERDs and SERCAs in breast cancer and other ER-related diseases have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yao
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zelin Hu
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyi Xue
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Ya Zhang
- West China-California Research Center for Predictive Intervention Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Lei
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Manna S, Paul S, Kong WY, Aich D, Sahoo R, Tantillo DJ, Panda S. Stereodivergent Zweifel Olefination and its Mechanistic Dichotomy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309136. [PMID: 37495925 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective Zweifel olefination using boronate complexes carrying two different reactive π-systems was achieved to synthesize vinyl heteroarenes and conjugated 1,3-dienes in good yield and up to 100 % stereoselectivity, which remains unexplored until now. Most importantly, we report the unprecedented formation of E vs. Z-vinyl heteroarenes for different heteroarenes under identical conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) investigations unveil the mechanistic dichotomy between olefin and heteroarene activation followed by 1,2-migration, leading to E or Z-vinyl heteroarenes respectively. We also report a previously unknown reversal of stereoselectivity by using 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as an electrophile. The Zweifel olefination using a boronate complex that carries two different olefins was previously unexplored due to significant challenges associated with the site-selective activation of olefins. We have solved this problem and reported the site-selective activation of olefins for the stereoselective synthesis of 1,3-dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Swagata Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Debasis Aich
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupam Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Santanu Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Bhatia N, Hazra S, Thareja S. Selective Estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) for the treatment of breast cancer: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115422. [PMID: 37163948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of SERDs has changed the direction of anticancer research, as more than 70% of breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor positive (ER+). Therapies such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) and aromatase inhibitors (AI's) have been effective, but due to endocrine resistance, SERDs are now considered essential therapeutics for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer. The present review deliberates the pathophysiology of SERDs from the literature covering various molecules in clinical trials. Estrogen receptors active sites distinguishing characteristics and interactions with currently available FDA-approved drugs have also been discussed. Designing strategy of previously reported SERDs, their SAR analysis, in silico, and the biological efficacy have also been summarized along with appropriate examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Shreejita Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Scott JS, Barlaam B. Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) and covalent antagonists (SERCAs): a patent review (2015-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 32:131-151. [PMID: 34763600 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2006185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The estrogen receptor (ER) is a clinically validated oncology target with a pivotal role in hormonally driven breast cancer, the most prevalent form of female cancer. Current treatments which directly modulate ER include antagonists (SERMs), such as tamoxifen, and degraders (SERDs), such as fulvestrant which is administered by intramuscular injection. AREAS COVERED This review covers patent applications that claim estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) and covalent antagonists (SERCAs) between the period January 2015 to June 2021. A total of 114 patent applications from 23 different applicants are evaluated with stratification into acidic SERDs, basic SERDs and SERCAs. EXPERT OPINION The clinical success of fulvestrant in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer has spurred research over the last decade into the discovery and development of novel SERDs, with a particular focus on the discovery of orally bioavailable drugs. This has resulted in a diverse range of candidates entering clinical trials. Although some have faltered in development, a cohort of oral SERDs has generated encouraging efficacy and safety data that has allowed advancement into late stage clinical trials. Data from these trials is eagerly awaited, with these molecules having the potential to offer significant benefits in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Scott
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Barlaam
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
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