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Liu H, Xu T, Xue Z, Huang M, Wang T, Zhang M, Yang R, Guo Y. Current Development of Thiazole-Containing Compounds as Potential Antibacterials against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:350-370. [PMID: 38232301 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria is threatening to human health and life around the world. In particular, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes fatal injuries to human beings and serious economic losses to animal husbandry due to its easy transmission and difficult treatment. Currently, the development of novel, highly effective, and low-toxicity antimicrobials is important to combat MRSA infections. Thiazole-containing compounds with good biological activity are widely used in clinical practice, and appropriate structural modifications make it possible to develop new antimicrobials. Here, we review thiazole-containing compounds and their antibacterial effects against MRSA reported in the past two decades and discuss their structure-activity relationships as well as the corresponding antimicrobial mechanisms. Some thiazole-containing compounds exhibit potent antibacterial efficacy in vitro and in vivo after appropriate structural modifications and could be used as antibacterial candidates. This Review provides insights into the development of thiazole-containing compounds as antimicrobials to combat MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zihan Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Meijuan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruige Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
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2
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Zhao X, Verma R, Sridhara MB, Sharath Kumar KS. Fluorinated azoles as effective weapons in fight against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106975. [PMID: 37992426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its difficult-to-treat skin and filmsy diseases are making MRSA a threat to human life. The most dangerous feature is the fast emergence of MRSA resistance to all recognized antibiotics, including vancomycin. The creation of novel, effective, and non-toxic drug candidates to combat MRSA isolates is urgently required. Fluorine containing small molecules have taken a centre stage in the field of drug development. Over the last 50 years, there have been a growing number of fluorinated compounds that have been approved since the clinical usage of fluorinated corticosteroids in the 1950 s and fluoroquinolones in the 1980 s. Due to its advantages in terms of potency and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), fluoro-pharmaceuticals have been regarded as a potent and useful tool in the rational drug design method. The flexible bioactive fluorinated azoles are ideal candidates for the development of new antibiotics. This review summarizes the decade developments of fluorinated azole derivatives with a wide antibacterial activity against diverged MRSA strains. In specific, we correlated the efficacy of structurally varied fluorinated azole analogues including thiazole, benzimidazole, oxadiazole and pyrazole against MRSA and discussed different angles of structure-activity relationship (SAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Zhao
- Energy Engineering College, Yulin University, Yulin City-719000, P. R. China
| | - Rameshwari Verma
- School of New Energy, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - M B Sridhara
- Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Vidyasangama, Belagavi 591156, India
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3
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Guo J, Xie Z, Ruan W, Tang Q, Qiao D, Zhu W. Thiazole-based analogues as potential antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their SAR elucidation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115689. [PMID: 37542993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the overuse of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic resistance, which is a serious global health problem. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common and virulent bacterium in clinical practice. Numerous researchers have focused on developing new candidate drugs that are effective, less toxic, and can overcome MRSA resistance. Thiazole derivatives have been found to exhibit antibacterial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogens. By hybridizing thiazole with other antibacterial pharmacophores, it is possible to obtain more effective antibacterial candidate drugs. Thiazole derivatives have shown potential in developing new drugs that can overcome drug resistance, reduce toxicity, and improve pharmacokinetic characteristics. This article reviews the recent progress of thiazole compounds as potential antibacterial compounds and examines the structure-activity relationship (SAR) in various directions. It covers articles published from 2018 to 2023, providing a comprehensive platform to plan and develop new thiazole-based small MRSA growth inhibitors with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhouling Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wei Ruan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Qidong Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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4
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Kashyap P, Verma S, Gupta P, Narang R, Lal S, Devgun M. Recent insights into antibacterial potential of benzothiazole derivatives. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1-31. [PMID: 37362317 PMCID: PMC10226039 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide concern among infectious diseases due to increased mortality, morbidity and treatment cost. According to WHO 2019 report, among the 32 antibiotics in the clinical trials, only six were classified as innovative and containing novel moiety. The remaining antibiotics from this list contain previously known moiety (WHO AMR 2019). Therefore, the development of novel antibiotics to control resistance problems is crucial. Benzothiazole derivatives are of great interest due to their wide range of biological activities and medicinal applications. Reported data indicated that benzothiazole derivatives displayed antibacterial activity by inhibiting the dihydroorotase, DNA gyrase, uridine diphosphate-n-acetyl enol pyruvyl glucosamine reductase (MurB), peptide deformylase, aldose reductase, casdihydrofolate reductase, enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase, dialkylglycine decarboxylase, dehydrosqualene synthase, dihydropteroate synthase and tyrosine kinase. The present review analyzed the synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR) and mechanism of action studies of benzothiazole derivatives as antibacterial agents reported by various research groups in the last five years (2018-2022). Different patents on the antimicrobial activity of benzothiazole derivatives have also been summarized. The finding of the present review will be beneficial for the researchers in the development of novel antibacterial molecules based on benzothiazole moiety. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kashyap
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Sangeeta Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Rakesh Narang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Sukhbir Lal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Manish Devgun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
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Haroun M, Fesatidou M, Petrou A, Tratrat C, Zagaliotis P, Gavalas A, Venugopala KN, Kochkar H, Emeka PM, Younis NS, Elmaghraby DA, Almostafa MM, Chohan MS, Vizirianakis IS, Papadimitriou-Tsantarliotou A, Geronikaki A. Identification of Novel Cyclooxygenase-1 Selective Inhibitors of Thiadiazole-Based Scaffold as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agents with Safety Gastric and Cytotoxic Profile. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083416. [PMID: 37110650 PMCID: PMC10142904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major obstacles faced by the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are their gastrointestinal toxicity induced by non-selective inhibition of both cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2 and their cardiotoxicity associated with a certain class of COX-2 selective inhibitors. Recent studies have demonstrated that selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition generates compounds with no gastric damage. The aim of the current study is to develop novel anti-inflammatory agents with a better gastric profile. In our previous paper, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of 4-methylthiazole-based thiazolidinones. Thus, based on these observations, herein we report the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, drug action, ulcerogenicity and cytotoxicity of a series of 5-adamantylthiadiazole-based thiazolidinone derivatives. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity revealed that the compounds possessed moderate to excellent anti-inflammatory activity. Four compounds 3, 4, 10 and 11 showed highest potency (62.0, 66.7, 55.8 and 60.0%, respectively), which was higher than the control drug indomethacin (47.0%). To determine their possible mode of action, the enzymatic assay was conducted against COX-1, COX-2 and LOX. The biological results demonstrated that these compounds are effective COX-1 inhibitors. Thus, the IC50 values of the three most active compounds 3, 4 and 14 as COX-1 inhibitors were 1.08, 1.12 and 9.62 μΜ, respectively, compared to ibuprofen (12.7 μΜ) and naproxen (40.10 μΜ) used as control drugs. Moreover, the ulcerogenic effect of the best compounds 3, 4 and 14 were evaluated and revealed that no gastric damage was observed. Furthermore, compounds were found to be nontoxic. A molecular modeling study provided molecular insight to rationalize the COX selectivity. In summary, we discovered a novel class of selective COX-1 inhibitors that could be effectively used as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Fesatidou
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panagiotis Zagaliotis
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Antonis Gavalas
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Hafedh Kochkar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Promise M Emeka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Ahmed Elmaghraby
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervt M Almostafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Chohan
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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6
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Anti-Tuberculosis Mur Inhibitors: Structural Insights and the Way Ahead for Development of Novel Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030377. [PMID: 36986477 PMCID: PMC10058398 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mur enzymes serve as critical molecular devices for the synthesis of UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide, the main building block of bacterial peptidoglycan polymer. These enzymes have been extensively studied for bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Various selective and mixed Mur inhibitors have been designed and synthesized in the past few years. However, this class of enzymes remains relatively unexplored for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and thus offers a promising approach for drug design to overcome the challenges of battling this global pandemic. This review aims to explore the potential of Mur enzymes of Mtb by systematically scrutinizing the structural aspects of various reported bacterial inhibitors and implications concerning their activity. Diverse chemical scaffolds such as thiazolidinones, pyrazole, thiazole, etc., as well as natural compounds and repurposed compounds, have been reviewed to understand their in silico interactions with the receptor or their enzyme inhibition potential. The structural diversity and wide array of substituents indicate the scope of the research into developing varied analogs and providing valuable information for the purpose of modifying reported inhibitors of other multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Therefore, this provides an opportunity to expand the arsenal against Mtb and overcome multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
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7
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Haroun M. Review on the Developments of Benzothiazole-containing Antimicrobial Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2630-2659. [PMID: 36503470 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221207161752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The infectious diseases caused by bacterial resistance to antibiotics constitute an increasing threat to human health on a global scale. An increasing number of infections, including tuberculosis, pneumonia, salmonellosis and gonorrhea, are becoming progressively challenging to cure owing to the ineffectiveness of current clinically used antibiotics and presents a serious health threat worldwide in medical community. The major concern of this global health threat is the ability of microorganisms to develop one or several mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics, making them inefficient to therapeutic treatment. The quest for discovering novel scaffold with antimicrobial property is particularly in great need to face future challenges in hospital and healthcare settings. Hence, the development of benzothiazoles is of considerable interest to medicinal chemists. Benzothiazole, being part of an important class of heterocyclic scaffold retains a wide spectrum of various attractive pharmacological activities. Antibiotic resistance represents an increasing burden comprising medical cost, hospital stay and mortality. Several derivatives containing a benzothiazole scaffold, reported in the literature, were found to display remarkable potencies towards diverse Grampositive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The principal focus concerns the antibacterial potential of benzothiazole-based derivatives as antimicrobial agents interacting with targets in bacterial pathogens. In this review, we also disclose the significance of the benzothiazole moiety in the discovery of new antibacterial compounds, the potential of benzothiazole-based derivatives in the case of resistant bacterial strains, optimization of their antibacterial activity, and their future perspectives. The structure-activity relationship study and the mode of action of the title derivatives are highlighted too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Mushtaque M, Avecilla F, Alsukaibi AKD, Pingale SS, Kamble KM, Rizvi MMA. Molecular structure and biological activities of 4-thiazolidinone derivatives: a combined theoretical and experimental study. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2134371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mushtaque
- Department of Chemistry, Samastipur College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Fernando Avecilla
- Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas, Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Subash S. Pingale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Kirtee M. Kamble
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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9
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Desai NC, Mehta HK, Jethawa AM, Monapara JD, Khedkar VM, Dave BP. “Design, synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation, and
in‐silico
studies of some 4‐thiazolidinone hybrids bearing coumarin and pyridine moieties”. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth C. Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University Bhavnagar Gujarat India
| | - Harsh K. Mehta
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University Bhavnagar Gujarat India
| | - Aratiba M. Jethawa
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University Bhavnagar Gujarat India
| | - Jahnvi D. Monapara
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University Bhavnagar Gujarat India
| | - Vijay M. Khedkar
- School of Pharmacy Vishwakarma University Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Bharti P. Dave
- School of Science Indrashil University Rajpur Gujarat India
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10
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A Novel PIFA/KOH Promoted Approach to Synthesize C2-arylacylated Benzothiazoles as Potential Drug Scaffolds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030726. [PMID: 35163992 PMCID: PMC8838045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To discover an efficient and convenient method to synthesize C2-arylacylated benzothiazoles as potential drug scaffolds, a novel [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene(PIFA)/KOH synergistically promoted direct ring-opening C2-arylacylation reaction of 2H-benzothiazoles with aryl methyl ketones has been developed. Various substrates were tolerated under optimized conditions affording the C2-arylacylation products in 70-95% yields for 38 examples. A plausible mechanism was also proposed based on a series of controlled experiments.
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Poojary B, Kumar V, S P, Arunodaya HS, Chandra S, Ramu R, Patil SM, Baliga A, Rai VM, Vishwanatha U, Vishwanatha P, Shenoy SM. Potential Fluorinated Anti-MRSA thiazolidinone derivatives with antibacterial, antitubercular activity and molecular docking studies. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100532. [PMID: 34929067 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
MRSA infection is one of the alarming diseases in the current scenario. Identifying newer molecules to treat MRSA infection is of urgent need. In the present study, we have designed fluorinated thiazolidinone derivatives with various aryl/heteroaryl units at 5 th position of the thiazolidinone core as promising anti-MRSA agents. All the compounds were screened for antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains. Among the tested compounds, the halogenated compounds with simple arylidene ring, 5-(3-chloro-2-fluorobenzylidene)-2-(thiazol-2-ylamino)thiazol-4(5H)-one ( 4b) , 5-(4-chloro-2-fluorobenzylidene)-2-(thiazol-2-ylamino)thiazol-4(5H)-one ( 4c ), 5-(3-fluoro-4-methylbenzylidene)-2-(thiazol-2-ylamino)thiazol-4(5H)-one ( 4f ) and 5-(3,5-difluorobenzylidene)-2-(thiazo-2-ylamino)thiazol-4(5H)-one ( 4g) showed excellent activity with MIC 3.125-6.25 µg/mL against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa organism. Furthermore, these potent compounds were screened against MRSA strains, ESKAPE panel organism, and H37Rv mycobacterium strain. Compounds 4c (MIC 0.39 µg/mL), and 4f (MIC 0.39 and 0.79 µg/mL) displayed promising activity against MRSA strains (ATCC and clinical isolates, respectively). The most potent compounds, 4c and 4f eradicated the growth of bacterial colonies in a time-kill assay indicated that these are bactericidal in nature. The preliminary toxicity study of the potent molecules revealed that these compounds are non-hemolytic in nature as they did not induce lysis in human RBCs. In addition, the molecular docking and dynamics studies of compounds 4b , 4c , 4f and 4g were carried out on MurB protein of S. aureus (PDB code: 1HSK). Docking results demonstrated remarkable hydrogen bonding interaction with key amino acids ARG310, ASN83, GLY79 and π-π interactions with TYR149 which confirm the mode of action of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boja Poojary
- Mangalore University, Chemistry, Mangalagangothri, 574199, MANGALORE, INDIA
| | - Vasantha Kumar
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College Autonomous Ujire, Chemistry, Ujire, India, 574240, Ujire, INDIA
| | - Premalatha S
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Microbiology, Udupi, India, 574240, Udupi, INDIA
| | - H S Arunodaya
- PA College of Engineering, Biotechnology, Konaje, Konaje, INDIA
| | | | - Ramith Ramu
- JSS University: JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Biotechnology, Mysuru, Mysuru, INDIA
| | - Shashank M Patil
- JSS University: JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Biotechnology, mysuru, India, 574240, Mysuru, INDIA
| | - Anuradha Baliga
- KMC Mangalore: Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Microbiology, Mangalore, Mangalore, INDIA
| | - Vaishali M Rai
- Saint Aloysius College, Microbiology, Mangalore, Mangalore, INDIA
| | - U Vishwanatha
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Microbiology, Udupi, Udupi, INDIA
| | - P Vishwanatha
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College Autonomous Ujire, Chemistry, Ujire, Ujire, INDIA
| | - Shalini M Shenoy
- Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Microbiology, Mangalore, Mangalore, INDIA
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12
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Mech D, Kurowska A, Trotsko N. The Bioactivity of Thiazolidin-4-Ones: A Short Review of the Most Recent Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11533. [PMID: 34768964 PMCID: PMC8584074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidin-4-ones is an important heterocyclic ring system of a pharmacophore and a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. This review is focused on the latest scientific reports regarding biological activities of thiazolidin-4-ones published in 2020 and 2021. The review covers recent information about antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antitubercular and antiviral properties of thiazolidin-4-ones. Additionally, the influence of different substituents in molecules on their biological activity was discussed in this paper. Thus, this study may help to optimize the structure of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives as more efficient drug agents. Presented information may be used as a practical hint for rational design of new small molecules with biological activity, especially among thiazolidin-4-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nazar Trotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.M.); (A.K.)
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13
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Shao J, Zhang Q, Wei J, Yuchi Z, Cao P, Li SQ, Wang S, Xu JY, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wei JX, Tian JL. Synthesis, crystal structures, anticancer activities and molecular docking studies of novel thiazolidinone Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes targeting lysosomes: special emphasis on their binding to DNA/BSA. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13387-13398. [PMID: 34473154 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel [CuL2Cl]Cl·H2O (1) and [FeL2Cl2]Cl·MeOH·CHCl3·H2O (2) complexes of (Z)-N'-((E)-3-methyl-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)picolinohydrazonamide (L) as antitumor agents were designed and synthesized in order to explore DNA and serum albumin interaction. X-ray diffraction revealed that both 1 and 2 were a triclinic crystal system with P1̄ space group, which consisted of a positive electric main unit, a negative chloride ion and some solvent molecules. The complexes with DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied by fluorescence and electronic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated that there was moderate intercalative binding mode between the complexes and DNA with Kapp values of 2.40 × 105 M-1 (1) and 6.49 × 105 M-1 (2). Agarose gel electrophoresis experiment showed that both 1 and 2 exhibited obvious DNA cleavage activity via an oxidative DNA damage pathway, and the cleavage activities of 1 were stronger than those of 2. Cytotoxicity assay showed that 1 had a more effective antitumor activity than 2. The two complexes were bound to BSA by a high affinity and quenched the fluorescence of BSA through a static mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that hydrophobic interactions played a key role in the binding process. The binding energy xpscore of 1 and 2 were -10.529 kcal mol-1 and -10.826 kcal mol-1 by docking studies, and this suggested that the binding process was spontaneous. Complex 1 displayed a lysosome-specific targeting behavior with a Pearson coefficient value of 0.82 by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and accumulated in the lysosomes, followed by the disruption of lysosomal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Qing Li
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R.China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Xia Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Lei Tian
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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Green and highly efficient MCR strategy for the synthesis of pyrimidine analogs in water via C–C and C–N bond formation and docking studies. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Haroun M, Tratrat C, Petrou A, Geronikaki A, Ivanov M, Ćirić A, Soković M, Nagaraja S, Venugopala KN, Balachandran Nair A, Elsewedy HS, Kochkar H. Exploration of the Antimicrobial Effects of Benzothiazolylthiazolidin-4-One and In Silico Mechanistic Investigation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134061. [PMID: 34279400 PMCID: PMC8271899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases still affect large populations causing significant morbidity and mortality. Bacterial and fungal infections for centuries were the main factors of death and disability of millions of humans. Despite the progress in the control of infectious diseases, the appearance of resistance of microbes to existing drugs creates the need for the development of new effective antimicrobial agents. In an attempt to improve the antibacterial activity of previously synthesized compounds modifications to their structures were performed. METHODS Nineteen thiazolidinone derivatives with 6-Cl, 4-OMe, 6-CN, 6-adamantan, 4-Me, 6-adamantan substituents at benzothiazole ring were synthesized and evaluated against panel of four bacterial strains S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli and S. typhimirium and three resistant strains MRSA, E. coli and P. aeruginosa in order to improve activity of previously evaluated 6-OCF3-benzothiazole-based thiazolidinones. The evaluation of minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined by microdilution method. As reference compounds ampicillin and streptomycin were used. RESULTS All compounds showed antibacterial activity with MIC in range of 0.12-0.75 mg/mL and MBC at 0.25->1.00 mg/mL The most active compound among all tested appeared to be compound 18, with MIC at 0.10 mg/mL and MBC at 0.12 mg/mL against P. aeruginosa. as well as against resistant strain P. aeruginosa with MIC at 0.06 mg/mL and MBC at 0.12 mg/mL almost equipotent with streptomycin and better than ampicillin. Docking studies predicted that the inhibition of LD-carboxypeptidase is probably the possible mechanism of antibacterial activity of tested compounds. CONCLUSION The best improvement of antibacterial activity after modifications was achieved by replacement of 6-OCF3 substituent in benzothiazole moiety by 6-Cl against S. aureus, MRSA and resistant strain of E. coli by 2.5 folds, while against L. monocytogenes and S. typhimirium from 4 to 5 folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (S.N.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (A.G.); Tel.: +30-2310-997-616 (A.G.)
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (S.N.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (A.G.); Tel.: +30-2310-997-616 (A.G.)
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (A.Ć.); (M.S.)
| | - Ana Ćirić
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (A.Ć.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Soković
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (A.Ć.); (M.S.)
| | - Sreeharsha Nagaraja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (S.N.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bengaluru 560 035, Karnataka, India
| | - Katharigatta Narayanaswamy Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (S.N.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Anroop Balachandran Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (S.N.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
| | - Heba S. Elsewedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (S.N.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
| | - Hafedh Kochkar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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