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Namballa HK, Dorogan M, Gudipally AR, Okafor S, Gadhiya S, Harding WW. Discovery of Selective Dopamine Receptor Ligands Derived from (-)-Stepholidine via C-3 Alkoxylation and C-3/C-9 Dialkoxylation. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37421373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated C-3 alkoxylated and C-3/C-9 dialkoxylated (-)-stepholidine analogues to probe the tolerance at the C-3 and C-9 positions of the tetrahydroprotoberberine (THPB) template toward affinity for dopamine receptors. A C-9 ethoxyl substituent appears optimal for D1R affinity since high D1R affinities were observed for compounds that contain an ethyl group at C-9, with larger C-9 substituents tending to decrease D1R affinity. A number of novel ligands were identified, such as compounds 12a and 12b, with nanomolar affinities for D1R and no affinity for either D2R or D3R, with compound 12a being identified as a D1R antagonist for both G-protein- and β-arrestin-based signaling. Compound 23b was identified as the most potent and selective D3R ligand containing a THPB template to date and functions as an antagonist for both G-protein- and β-arrestin-based signaling. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies validated the D1R and D3R affinity and selectivity of 12a, 12b, and 23b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Namballa
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Michael Dorogan
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ashok R Gudipally
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Sunday Okafor
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, 410011 Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Center for Biomedical Research, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Satishkumar Gadhiya
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Wayne W Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Juza R, Musilek K, Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances in dopamine D 2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:55-211. [PMID: 36111795 DOI: 10.1002/med.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1-5 Rs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2 Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2 R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl), 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-1-substituted piperazine, and 4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2 R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2 R affinity with 4-butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2 R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2 R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2 R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010-2021), and belong to the 1,4-disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2 R ligands and D2 R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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