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Kumari A, Yadav P, Rawat V, Maurya RA, Islam MS, Eldesoky GE, Puri SK, Verma VP. Novel saturated 1,2,4-trioxanes and their antimalarial activity against multidrug resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in Swiss mice model via oral route. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 108:129801. [PMID: 38777279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Novel saturated 6-(4'-aryloxy phenyl) vinyl 1,2,4-trioxanes 12a(1-3)-12d(1-3) and 13a(1-3)-13d(1-3) have been designed and synthesized, in one single step from diimide reduction of 11a(1-3)-11d(1-3). All the newly synthesized trioxanes were evaluated for their antimalarial activity against multi-drug resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis via oral route. Cyclopentane-based trioxanes 12b1, 12c1 and 12d1, provided 100 % protection to the infected mice at 24 mg/kg × 4 days. The most active compound of the series, trioxane 12b1, provided 100 % protection even at 12 mg/kg × 4 days and 60 % protection at 6 mg/kg × 4 days. The currently used drug, β-arteether provides only 20 % protection at 24 mg/kg × 4 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022 Rajasthan, India
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022 Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022 Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram Avatar Maurya
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | | | - Gaber E Eldesoky
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022 Rajasthan, India; Department of Education in Science and Mathematics (DESM), Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneswar 751022, India.
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Yadav P, Naikade NK, Hassam M, Singh AS, Singh C, Puri SK, Prakash Verma V. Novel amino- and hydroxy-functionalized 1,2,4-trioxanes and their antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in Swiss mice via intramuscular and oral route. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 97:129561. [PMID: 37967655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Following the economic and social state of humanity, Malaria is categorized as one of the life-threatening illness epidemics in under developed countries. For the eradication of the same, 1,2,4-trioxanes 17a1-a2, 17b1-b2, 17c1-c2 15a-c, 18 and 19 have been synthesized continuing the creation of a novel series. Additionally, these novel compounds were tested for their effectiveness against the multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in mice model using both oral and intramuscular (im) administration routes. The two most potent compounds of the series, 17a1 and 17a2, demonstrated 100 % protection at 48 mg/kg x 4 days via oral route, which is twice as potent as artemisinin. In this model artemisinin provided 100 % protection at a dose of 48 mg/kg × 4 days and 80 % protection at 24 mg/kg × 4 days via im route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022 Rajasthan, India
| | - Niraj Krishna Naikade
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ajit Shankar Singh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022 Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, 304022 Rajasthan, India.
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Shukla M, Rathi K, Hassam M, Yadav DK, Karnatak M, Rawat V, Verma VP. An overview on the antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:66-137. [PMID: 37222435 DOI: 10.1002/med.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The demand for novel, fast-acting, and effective antimalarial medications is increasing exponentially. Multidrug resistant forms of malarial parasites, which are rapidly spreading, pose a serious threat to global health. Drug resistance has been addressed using a variety of strategies, such as targeted therapies, the hybrid drug idea, the development of advanced analogues of pre-existing drugs, and the hybrid model of resistant strains control mechanisms. Additionally, the demand for discovering new potent drugs grows due to the prolonged life cycle of conventional therapy brought on by the emergence of resistant strains and ongoing changes in existing therapies. The 1,2,4-trioxane ring system in artemisinin (ART) is the most significant endoperoxide structural scaffold and is thought to be the key pharmacophoric moiety required for the pharmacodynamic potential of endoperoxide-based antimalarials. Several derivatives of artemisinin have also been found as potential treatments for multidrug-resistant strain in this area. Many 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes derivatives have been synthesised as a result, and many of these have shown promise antimalarial activity both in vivo and in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. As a consequence, efforts to develop a functionally straight-forward, less expensive, and vastly more effective synthetic pathway to trioxanes continue. This study aims to give a thorough examination of the biological properties and mode of action of endoperoxide compounds derived from 1,2,4-trioxane-based functional scaffolds. The present system of 1,2,4-trioxane, 1,2,4-trioxolane, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane compounds and dimers with potentially antimalarial activity will be highlighted in this systematic review (January 1963-December 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Department of Chemistry, Chemveda Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai, Rajasthan, India
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Fang J, Song F, Wang F. The antimalarial activity of 1,2,4-trioxolane/trioxane hybrids and dimers: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200077. [PMID: 35388499 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Malaria, a mosquito-borne parasitic infection caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium, is a dangerous disease that contributes to millions of hospital visits and hundreds and thousands of deaths across the world, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Antimalarial agents are vital for treating malaria and controlling transmission, and 1,2,4-trioxolane/trioxane-containing agents, especially artemisinin and its derivatives, own antimalarial efficacy and low toxicity with unique mechanisms of action. Moreover, artemisinin-based combination therapies were recommended by the World Health Organization as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria infection and have remained as the mainstay of the treatment of malaria, demonstrating that 1,2,4-trioxolane/trioxane derivatives are useful prototypes for the control and eradication of malaria. However, malaria parasites have already developed resistance to almost all of the currently available antimalarial agents, creating an urgent need for the search of novel pharmaceutical interventions for malaria. The purpose of this review article is to provide an emphasis on the current scenario (January 2012 to January 2022) of 1,2,4-trioxolane/trioxane hybrids and dimers with potential antimalarial activity and the structure-activity relationships are also discussed to facilitate further rational design of more effective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junman Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Synthesis, molecular docking and dynamics study of novel epoxide derivatives of 1,2,4-trioxanes as antimalarial agents. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hassam M, Singh AS, Yadav DK, Singh C, Puri SK, Verma VP. Reduction of the Double Bond of 6-Arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes Leads to a Remarkable Increase in Their Antimalarial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in a Swiss Mice Model. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30790-30799. [PMID: 34805707 PMCID: PMC8600630 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel 6-arylethyl-1,2,4-trioxanes6a-i and 7a-i are easily accessible in one step from the diimide reduction of 6-arylvinyl-1,2,4-trioxanes 5a-i. All of these new trioxanes were assessed for their oral antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in a Swiss mice model. Most of the saturated trioxanes 6c, 6f, 6g, 6h, and 6i, the active compounds of the series, provided 100% protection to the malaria-infected mice at a dose of 24 mg/kg × 4 days. Further, trioxane 6i, the most active compound of the series, also showed 100% protection even at a dose of 12 mg/kg × 4 days and 20% protection at a dose of 6 mg/kg × 4 days. In this model, β-arteether provided 100% protection at a dose of 48 mg/kg × 4 days and only 20% protection at a dose of 24 mg/kg × 4 days via the oral route, which was found to exhibit 4-fold antimalarial activity compared with the currently used drug β-arteether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassam
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ajit Shankar Singh
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Medicinal
& Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central
Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Parasitology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, Rajasthan, India
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