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Baker S, Maïano C, Houle SA, Nadon L, Aimé A, Morin AJS. Profiles of body image concerns and their associations with disordered eating behaviors. Appetite 2023; 191:107082. [PMID: 37832721 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Although body image concerns (BIC) are recognized as a core driver in the development of disordered eating behaviors, the combined role of various types of BIC remains underexamined. This study relied on latent profile analysis to identify the main configurations of self-reported BIC (i.e., body checking and avoidance, perceived physical appearance, and fear of negative appearance evaluation) observed in a sample of 419 French-Canadian individuals (Mage = 26.59, SDage = 9.23). The role of body mass index, sex, and age on profile membership was also examined, as well as the relation between profile membership and disordered eating behaviors (i.e., dieting, bulimia and food preoccupation, and oral control). Six distinct BIC profiles differing in terms of shape and level were identified, with women being more likely to display a profile characterized by higher levels of BIC. In turn, profiles characterized by higher levels of BIC were associated with more disordered eating behaviors. The present study can broaden our understanding of the onset and maintenance of disordered eating behaviors and inspire the development of more tailored body-image interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Baker
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO|Campus de Saint-Jérôme), Saint-Jérôme, Canada.
| | - Simon A Houle
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lindsey Nadon
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Annie Aimé
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO|Campus de Saint-Jérôme), Saint-Jérôme, Canada
| | - Alexandre J S Morin
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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Nowaczyk PM, Adamczewski J, Durkalec-Michalski K. Practical Application and Methodological Considerations on the Basics of Sports Nutrition in Basketball: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Observational and Interventional Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:4484. [PMID: 37892559 PMCID: PMC10610293 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current systematic review (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022334707) of observational (OS) and interventional studies (IS) aimed at evaluating the state of scientific knowledge on the basics of sports nutrition, framing discipline-specific dietary recommendations, and indicating potential directions for future studies in various age, experience level, and able-bodied abilities groups of basketball players (BP). A systematic search of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science ended on 20 December 2022. Records were excluded if reporting studies on animals, sport disciplines other than basketball, or supplementation protocols other than those related to macronutrients and hydration manipulations. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using Cochrane RoB_2 tools, 'JBI checklist for prevalence studies', and 'Quality assessment tool for before-after (pre-post) studies with no control group'. The relevant data was synthesized in tables and a narrative review was performed. Seventy-two records were included (2581 participants): 63 were on able-bodied BP (2433 participants) and 9 on para-athlete players (148 participants); 45 records were OS and 27 IS. The review disclosed widespread poor nutritional habits and knowledge and shortages in applying adequate nutritional and hydration practices in BP. Moreover, the systematic review revealed the lack of a sufficient number of investigations delivering reliable proof for framing discipline-specific and evidence-based recommendations on the basics of sports nutrition in basketball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M. Nowaczyk
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jakub Adamczewski
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
- Sport Sciences–Biomedical Department, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
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St-Pierre MJ, Therriault PY, Faghihi U, Monthuy-Blanc J. Eating disorders: When food "Eats" time. Appetite 2023; 185:106509. [PMID: 36871602 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a physical or mental health issue, such as an eating disorder (ED), impacts daily activities, also known as occupations. For example, an overinvestment in body shape and weight undoubtedly can lead to an underinvestment in other, more meaningful occupations. To address ED-related perceptual disturbances, a detailed log of daily time use can pinpoint food-related occupational imbalances. This study aims to characterize the daily occupations associated with EDs. The first specific objective (SO.1) is to categorize and quantify the temporal organization of a typical day's occupations as self-reported by individuals with an ED. The second specific objective (SO.2) is to compare daily occupational time use among people with different ED types. This retrospective study based on time-use research principles was conducted by analyzing data from an anonymized secondary dataset (Loricorps's Databank). Data were collected between 2016 and 2020, from 106 participants, with descriptive analysis completed to determine the average daily time use for each occupation. A series of one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed to compare perceived time use in each occupation for participants with different types of EDs. The outcomes show a marked underinvestment in leisure categories compared to the general population. In addition, personal care and productivity can represent the blind dysfunctional occupations (SO.1). Moreover, compared to those with binge eating disorder (BED), individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) are significantly more invested in occupations that focus explicitly on perceptual disturbances, such as personal care (SO.2). The highlight of this study is the distinction between marked versus blind dysfunctional occupation, which offers specific avenues for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J St-Pierre
- GR2TCA-Loricorps, Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7401 Rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC H1N 3M5, Canada; Département d'ergothérapie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - P-Y Therriault
- Département d'ergothérapie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - U Faghihi
- GR2TCA-Loricorps, Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - J Monthuy-Blanc
- GR2TCA-Loricorps, Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7401 Rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC H1N 3M5, Canada
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Chapa DAN, Johnson SN, Richson BN, Bjorlie K, Won YQ, Nelson SV, Ayres J, Jun D, Forbush KT, Christensen KA, Perko VL. Eating-disorder psychopathology in female athletes and non-athletes: A meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:861-885. [PMID: 35665528 PMCID: PMC9303059 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is ongoing discussion about whether sports participation is a risk or protective factor for eating disorders (EDs). Research is mixed, with some studies suggesting that athletes have higher mean levels of ED psychopathology compared to nonathletes, while other studies suggest the opposite effect or no differences. The purpose of the current meta-analysis was to identify whether female athletes reported higher mean levels of ED psychopathology compared to nonathletes. METHOD Following PRISMA guidelines, we identified 56 studies that reported ED psychopathology for female athletes and nonathletes. A three-level random-effects model of between- and within-study variance was completed for the following outcome variables: overall ED psychopathology, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, restricting, and loss-of-control eating. RESULTS Athletes reported lower levels of body dissatisfaction compared to nonathletes (g = -.21, p < .0001). Athletes and nonathletes reported similar levels of overall ED psychopathology, drive for thinness, restricting, and loss-of-control eating on average. Sport type significantly moderated standardized mean difference effect sizes of ED psychopathology in athletes versus nonathletes. Effect sizes comparing levels of drive for thinness, restricting, and loss-of-control eating in athletes versus nonathletes were larger for studies with athletes participating in aesthetic/lean sports compared to nonaesthetic/nonlean sports. DISCUSSION Findings from this meta-analysis could inform future ED prevention and treatment in female athletes by providing further evidence that athletes in aesthetic/lean sports may report higher levels of ED psychopathology. Participating in nonaesthetic/nonlean sports may be a protective factor for experiencing less body dissatisfaction. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The current meta-analysis summarized findings from 56 studies that assessed levels of disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, dietary restricting, and loss-of-control eating in female athletes and nonathletes. Athletes reported lower levels of body dissatisfaction compared to nonathletes, highlighting that participation in sport could have some protective factors. Athletes participating in sports that require weight categories (e.g., judo) and sports that emphasize thinness/leanness (e.g., gymnastics and distance running) had higher levels of disordered eating relative to athletes participating in other types of sports that do not emphasize thinness/leanness (e.g., volleyball and basketball).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Q. Won
- University of Kansas, Department of Psychology
| | | | | | - Daiil Jun
- University of Kansas, Department of Psychology
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de Medeiros Eufrásio RE, Ferreira RLU, Leal LLA, Avelino EB, da Costa Pelonha RN, da Cruz Carvalho MC, de Medeiros Torres CH, de Sousa Praseres AL, de Paiva Lima Filho M, Mota ACCC, Nunes AB, Ferreira DQC, de Lima Vale SH, Maciel BLL. Amateur ballet practicing, body image and eating behaviors: a comparative study of classical ballet dancers, gym users and sedentary women. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:106. [PMID: 34454621 PMCID: PMC8401115 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ballet dancers are a risk group for body image (BI) distortion, dissatisfaction and eating disorders (ED), but few studies have investigated these aspects in amateur adult practitioners. This study aimed to evaluate if amateur female adult classical ballet dancers presented different BI and behaviors for ED than gym users and sedentary women. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study where classical ballet dancers (n = 19) were compared to gym users (n = 19) and sedentary women (n = 19). Body mass index (BMI) was assessed, and a figure rating scale was applied to assess BI distortion/dissatisfaction. The body shape questionnaire (BSQ) was used to measure BI concern. The eating attitudes test (EAT-26) and the bulimic investigatory test, Edinburgh (BITE) were used for behaviors toward anorexia and bulimia. RESULTS BMI was significantly lower in ballet dancers than gym users and sedentary women (F, p = .04). BI distortion did not differ among the studied groups. BI dissatisfaction was lower (X2, p = .041) in ballet dancers (75.0%) and gym users (70.6%) compared to sedentary women (100%). Correspondence analysis showed ballet dancers were mostly not concerned with BI, which was not observed among the other groups. The EAT-26 did not differ between the studied groups. The BITE score was lower (Tukey's post hoc test, p = .005) in the ballet dancers [mean 5.3 (5.6)] compared to the sedentary women [mean 10.9 (4.8)]. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that amateur classical ballet practicing is associated to better BI and fewer behaviors for ED in the studied population. The lower BMI in ballet dancers might explain these findings, and further studies should explore these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruty Eulália de Medeiros Eufrásio
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.,Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Rannapaula Lawrynhuk Urbano Ferreira
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.,Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Leilane Lílian Araújo Leal
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.,Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Erikarla Baracho Avelino
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.,Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Nayara da Costa Pelonha
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara da Cruz Carvalho
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique de Medeiros Torres
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Luísa de Sousa Praseres
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Paiva Lima Filho
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Costa Campos Mota
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bezerra Nunes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Diana Quitéria Cabral Ferreira
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Sancha Helena de Lima Vale
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.,Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Bruna Leal Lima Maciel
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Structural Relationship between Physical Self-Concept, Occupational Instability, and Retirement Intention among South Korean Minor League Baseball Players. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050595. [PMID: 34067926 PMCID: PMC8156293 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the structural relationship between physical self-concept, occupational instability, and retirement intention among South Korean minor league baseball players. Snowball sampling was used to recruit 180 minor league players who belonged to the South Korean professional baseball team and were active as of December 2020; data were collected through an online survey. Frequency analysis, psychometric validation, descriptive statistical analysis, and path analysis were performed. The results revealed that for these participants, (1) physical self-concept had a significant negative effect on their occupational instability; (2) physical self-concept did not directly affect their retirement intention; and (3) occupational instability had a significant positive effect on their retirement intentions. These results suggest the need to devise a plan addressing the practical difficulties experienced by professional minor league baseball players and improve the physical self-concept of these players to adapt to involuntary retirement. Additionally, a supportive environment should be created to reduce mental health risks.
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" eLoriCorps Immersive Body Rating Scale": Exploring the Assessment of Body Image Disturbances from Allocentric and Egocentric Perspectives. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092926. [PMID: 32927847 PMCID: PMC7564525 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The first objective of this study was to test the convergent and discriminant validity between the “eLoriCorps Immersive Body Rating Scale” and the traditional paper-based figure rating scale (FRS). The second objective was to explore the contribution of the egocentric virtual reality (VR) perspective of eLoriCorps to understanding body image disturbances (BIDs). The sample consisted of 53 female and 13 male adults. Body size dissatisfaction, body size distortion, perceived body size, and ideal body size were assessed. Overall, outcomes showed good agreement between allocentric perspectives as measured via VR and the FRS. The egocentric VR perspective produced different results compared to both the allocentric VR perspective and the FRS. This difference revealed discriminant validity and suggested that eLoricorps’ egocentric VR perspective might assess something different from the traditional conception of body dissatisfaction, which an allocentric VR perspective generally assesses. Finally, the egocentric VR perspective in assessing BIDs deserves to be studied more extensively to explore the possibility of finding two types of body image distortion: (a) an egocentric perceptual body distortion, referring to internal body sensation affected by intra-individual changes, and (b) an allocentric perceptual body distortion, referring to external body benchmarks constructed by inter-individual comparison occurring in a given cultural context.
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Maïano C, Morin AJS, Lanfranchi MC, Therme P. Body-related sport and exercise motives and disturbed eating attitudes and behaviours in adolescents. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 23:277-86. [PMID: 25974271 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Motives underlying sport and exercise involvement have recently been hypothesized as potential factors influencing the positive association between sports/exercises involvement and disturbed eating attitudes and behaviours (DEAB) among adolescents. Nevertheless, very few studies have examined this hypothesis or the moderating role of gender, context of practice, performance levels and sport type on these relationships. In this study, these questions were addressed among 168 male and 167 female French adolescents involved in various types, contexts and performance levels of sport and exercise. Participants were asked to indicate their main motives for involvement in sport practice and to self-report DEAB (generic DEAB, vomiting-purging behaviours, and eating-related control) on a French adaptation of the Eating Attitudes Test-26. The results shared positive associations between body-related sport and exercise motives and most of the DEAB subscales. Furthermore, they show that the relationship between body-related sport and exercise motives and Vomiting-Purging Behaviours differs according to involvement in individual and competitive sports and exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeduction and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Canada.,Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Alexandre J S Morin
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Marie-Christine Lanfranchi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France.,Direction Régionale de la Jeunesse, des Sports et de la Cohésion Sociale - Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Therme
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France
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