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Robin M, Djediat C, Bardouil A, Baccile N, Chareyron C, Zizak I, Fratzl P, Selmane M, Haye B, Genois I, Krafft J, Costentin G, Azaïs T, Artzner F, Giraud‐Guille M, Zaslansky P, Nassif N. Acidic Osteoid Templates the Plywood Structure of Bone Tissue. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304454. [PMID: 38115757 PMCID: PMC10916609 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone is created by osteoblasts that secrete osteoid after which an ordered texture emerges, followed by mineralization. Plywood geometries are a hallmark of many trabecular and cortical bones, yet the origin of this texturing in vivo has never been shown. Nevertheless, extensive in vitro work revealed how plywood textures of fibrils can emerge from acidic molecular cholesteric collagen mesophases. This study demonstrates in sheep, which is the preferred model for skeletal orthopaedic research, that the deeper non-fibrillar osteoid is organized in a liquid-crystal cholesteric geometry. This basophilic domain, rich in acidic glycosaminoglycans, exhibits low pH which presumably fosters mesoscale collagen molecule ordering in vivo. The results suggest that the collagen fibril motif of twisted plywood matures slowly through self-assembly thermodynamically driven processes as proposed by the Bouligand theory of biological analogues of liquid crystals. Understanding the steps of collagen patterning in osteoid-maturation processes may shed new light on bone pathologies that emerge from collagen physico-chemical maturation imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Robin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Chakib Djediat
- Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleUMR CNRS 7245, Bâtiment 39, CP 39, 57 rue CuvierParis75231France
| | - Arnaud Bardouil
- Université de Rennes, CNRSInstitut de Physique de Rennes (IPR)RennesF‐35000France
| | - Niki Baccile
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Camille Chareyron
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Ivo Zizak
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie – Speicherring BESSY IIAlbert‐Einstein Str. 15D‐12349BerlinGermany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of BiomaterialsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfacesam Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Mohamed Selmane
- Institut des Matériaux de Paris CentreSorbonne UniversitéParisF‐75005France
| | - Bernard Haye
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Isabelle Genois
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Jean‐Marc Krafft
- Sorbonne Université, CNRSLaboratoire Réactivité de Surface (LRS)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Guylène Costentin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRSLaboratoire Réactivité de Surface (LRS)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Thierry Azaïs
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Franck Artzner
- Université de Rennes, CNRSInstitut de Physique de Rennes (IPR)RennesF‐35000France
| | - Marie‐Madeleine Giraud‐Guille
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for OperativePreventive and Pediatric DentistryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinAßmannshauser Str. 4–614197BerlinGermany
| | - Nadine Nassif
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
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Córdova-Fraga T, García-Pérez M, Hernández-Rayas A, Gómez-Solís C, Soto-Álvarez JA, Oliva J. Bone samples' behavior in sunlight, IR light, and temperature increase with FEM simulation. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:225-236. [PMID: 37770813 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Biological and environmental factors produce biochemical processes that modify the bone structure. A few studies have attempted to show the adverse biological effects of sun radiation. The bone tissue exposures to infrared and sunlight radiation are analyzed by using focused sound, characterization spectroscopy techniques, and image processing. The study is complemented with a finite element method simulation on temperature behaviors. The crystal morphology on the bone hydroxyapatite and functional groups was characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectra confirmed the hydroxyl group of bovine hydroxyapatite, amines, and lipids are also correlated with modifications of the hydroxyapatite. The diffractograms showed the characteristic peaks of hydroxyapatite, with the main intensity at 2θ = 32.02°. Bone samples exposed to sun radiation presented a peak at 2θ = 27.5°, evidencing the possible formation of β-TCP y α-TCP. The analysis with the spectroscopy techniques about the structural changes in the samples suggests interpreting an increase of sound obtained by expanding the exposure time. It is possible to verify that there are some structural changes in the bone samples due to exposure to non-ionizing radiation. These results show an increase in the registered intensity sound correlated with the interpretation of the structural changes of bone. Thanks to the different novel analysis techniques established in the present study, it could establish the changes that experienced the bone structure under different sources of radiation, which will help to better detect scenarios of bone deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Córdova-Fraga
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física - DCI, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León Loma del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, GTO, Mexico.
| | - Marysol García-Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física - DCI, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León Loma del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, GTO, Mexico
| | - Angélica Hernández-Rayas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física - DCI, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León Loma del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, GTO, Mexico
| | - Christian Gómez-Solís
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física - DCI, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León Loma del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, GTO, Mexico
| | - José Alfredo Soto-Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física - DCI, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León Loma del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, GTO, Mexico
| | - Jorge Oliva
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
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Detailing the influence of PEO-coated biodegradable Mg-based implants on the lacuno-canalicular network in sheep bone: A pilot study. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:14-23. [PMID: 36875051 PMCID: PMC9975618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing prevalence of bone-related injuries and aging geriatric populations continue to drive the orthopaedic implant market. A hierarchical analysis of bone remodelling after material implantation is necessary to better understand the relationship between implant and bone. Osteocytes, which are housed and communicate through the lacuno-canalicular network (LCN), are integral to bone health and remodelling processes. Therefore, it is essential to examine the framework of the LCN in response to implant materials or surface treatments. Biodegradable materials offer an alternative solution to permanent implants, which may require revision or removal surgeries. Magnesium alloys have resurfaced as promising materials due to their bone-like properties and safe degradation in vivo. To further tailor their degradation capabilities, surface treatments such as plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) have demonstrated to slow degradation. For the first time, the influence of a biodegradable material on the LCN is investigated by means of non-destructive 3D imaging. In this pilot study, we hypothesize noticeable variations in the LCN caused by altered chemical stimuli introduced by the PEO-coating. Utilising synchrotron-based transmission X-ray microscopy, we have characterised morphological LCN differences around uncoated and PEO-coated WE43 screws implanted into sheep bone. Bone specimens were explanted after 4, 8, and 12 weeks and regions near the implant surface were prepared for imaging. Findings from this investigation indicate that the slower degradation of PEO-coated WE43 induces healthier lacunar shapes within the LCN. However, the stimuli perceived by the uncoated material with higher degradation rates induces a greater connected LCN better prepared for bone disturbance.
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Wei S, Wang Y, Sun Y, Gong L, Dai X, Meng H, Xu W, Ma J, Hu Q, Ma X, Peng J, Gu X. Biodegradable silk fibroin scaffold doped with mineralized collagen induces bone regeneration in rat cranial defects. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123861. [PMID: 36870644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Compared with most nondegradable or slowly degradable bone repair materials, bioactive biodegradable porous scaffolds with certain mechanical strengths can promote the regeneration of both new bone and vasculature while the cavity created by their degradation can be replaced by the infiltration of new bone tissue. Mineralized collagen (MC) is the basic structural unit of bone tissue, and silk fibroin (SF) is a natural polymer with adjustable degradation rates and superior mechanical properties. In this study, a three-dimensional porous biomimetic composite scaffold with a two-component SF-MC system was constructed based on the advantages of both materials. The spherical mineral agglomerates of the MC were uniformly distributed on the surface and inside the SF skeleton, which ensured good mechanical properties while regulating the degradation rate of the scaffold. Second, the SF-MC scaffold had good osteogenic induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and also promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Finally, in vivo 5 mm cranial defect repair experiments confirmed that the SF-MC scaffold stimulated vascular regeneration and promoted new bone regeneration in vivo by means of in situ regeneration. Overall, we believe that this low-cost biomimetic biodegradable SF-MC scaffold with many advantages has some clinical translation prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wei
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, No. 406 Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong 226001, China; Senior Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, The 1th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong 226001, China; Senior Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, The 1th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Leilei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haoye Meng
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, The 1th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, The 1th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianxiong Ma
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, No. 406 Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China; Institute of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, No. 155 Munan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Nantong University, No. 298 Xinhua Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, No. 406 Jiefang South Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China; Institute of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, No. 155 Munan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Jiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong 226001, China; Senior Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, The 1th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Neural Regeneration Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong 226001, China.
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Rubin J, Styner M. The skeleton in a physical world. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:2213-2222. [PMID: 35983849 PMCID: PMC9899984 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
All organisms exist within a physical space and respond to physical forces as part of daily life. In higher organisms, the skeleton is critical for locomotion in the physical environment, providing a carapace upon which the animal can move to accomplish functions necessary for living. As such, the skeleton has responded evolutionarily, and does in real-time, to physical stresses placed on it to ensure that its structure supports its function in the sea, in the air, and on dry land. In this article, we consider how those cells responsible for remodeling skeletal structure respond to mechanical force including load magnitude, frequency, and cyclicity, and how force rearranges cellular structure in turn. The effects of these forces to balance the mesenchymal stem cell supply of bone-forming osteoblasts and energy storing adipocytes are addressed. That this phenotypic switching is achieved at the level of both gene transactivation and alteration of structural epigenetic controls of gene expression is considered. Finally, as clinicians, we consider this information as it applies to a prescriptive for intelligent exercise.
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Qian W, Schmidt R, Turner JA, Bare SP, Lappe JM, Recker RR, Akhter MP. A pilot study on the nanoscale properties of bone tissue near lacunae in fracturing women. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101604. [PMID: 35874169 PMCID: PMC9304727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the causes of osteoporosis-related skeletal fragility in postmenopausal women. We hypothesize that bone fragility in these individuals is largely due to mineral, and/or intrinsic material properties in the osteocyte lacunar/peri-lacunar regions of bone tissue. Innovative measurements with nanoscale resolution, including scanning electron microscope (SEM), an atomic force microscope that is integrated with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), and nanoindentation, were used to characterize osteocyte lacunar and peri-lacunar properties in bone biopsies from fracturing (Cases) and matched (Age, BMD), non-fracturing (Controls) postmenopausal healthy women. In the peri-lacunar space, the nanoindentation results show that the modulus and hardness of the Controls are lower than the Cases. The AFM-IR results conclusively show that the mineral matrix, maturity (peak) (except in outer/far regions in Controls) were greater in Controls than in Cases. Furthermore, these results indicate that while mineral-to-matrix area ratio tend to be greater, the mineral maturity and crystallinity peak ratio "near" lacunae is greater than at regions "far" or more distance from lacunae in the Controls only. Due to the heterogeneity of bone structure, additional measurements are needed to provide more convincing evidence of altered lacunar characteristics and changes in the peri-lacunar bone as mechanisms related to postmenopausal women and fragility. Such findings would motivate new osteocyte-targeted treatments to reduce fragility fracture risks in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, United States of America
| | - Roman Schmidt
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Turner
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, United States of America
| | - Sue P. Bare
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
| | - Joan M. Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
| | - Mohammed P. Akhter
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States of America
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Diluted Acetic Acid Softened Intermuscular Bones from Silver Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) by Dissolving Hydroxyapatite and Collagen. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010001. [PMID: 35010127 PMCID: PMC8749972 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermuscular bones (IBs) pose physical hazards that threaten consumer health and food safety. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of softening IBs from silver carp with diluted acetic acid. IBs (separated from muscle) and fillets (without removing IBs) were treated with diluted acetic acid. Analyses of sensory attributes and the hardness of treated IBs indicated that diluted acetic acid (<10 mmol/L) could soften IBs effectively. Additionally, 0.5 mmol/L acetic acid softened IBs within fillets without significantly affecting the texture and flavor of fillets. Analyses of microstructure, minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and collagen content, and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of IBs indicated that acetic acid broke connections (formed by collagen that shared hydroxyl groups) between collagen molecules, and between collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAP), thus inducing the dissolution of collagen and HAP. The dissolution of HAP contributed more to IBs softening than collagen.
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8
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Burke M, Golaraei A, Atkins A, Akens M, Barzda V, Whyne C. Collagen fibril organization within rat vertebral bone modified with metastatic involvement. J Struct Biol 2017; 199:153-164. [PMID: 28655593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic involvement diminishes the mechanical integrity of vertebral bone, however its specific impact on the structural characteristics of a primary constituent of bone tissue, the collagen-I fibril matrix, has not been adequately characterized. Female athymic rats were inoculated with HeLa or Ace-1 cancer cells lines producing osteolytic or mixed (osteolytic & osteoblastic) metastases respectively. A maximum of 21days was allowed between inoculation and rat sacrifice for vertebrae extraction. Linear polarization-in, polarization-out (PIPO) second harmonic generation (SHG) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging was utilized to assess the impact of metastatic involvement on collagen fibril organization. Increased observations of deviations in the typical plywood motif or a parallel packing structure and an increased average measured susceptibility ratio (related to relative degree of in-plane vs. out-plane fibrils in the analyzed tissue area) in bone adjacent to metastatic involvement was indicative of change in fibrilar organization compared to healthy controls. In particular, collagen-I fibrils in tumour-induced osteoblastic bone growth showed no adherence to the plywood motif or parallel packing structure seen in healthy lamellar bone, exhibiting a much higher susceptibility ratio and degree of fibril disorder. Negative correlations were established between measured susceptibility ratios and the hardness and modulus of metastatic bone tissue assessed in a previous study. Characterizing modifications in tissue level properties is key in defining bone quality in the presence of metastatic disease and their potential impact on material behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Burke
- Institution of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Orthopaedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmad Golaraei
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ayelet Atkins
- Orthopaedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margarete Akens
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Techna, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Cari Whyne
- Institution of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Orthopaedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Akhter MP, Kimmel DB, Lappe JM, Recker RR. Effect of Macroanatomic Bone Type and Estrogen Loss on Osteocyte Lacunar Properties in Healthy Adult Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:619-630. [PMID: 28251257 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study to examine clinical human bone specimens by three-dimensional imaging to characterize osteocyte lacunar properties as a function of macroanatomic bone type and estrogen loss. We applied laboratory-based instrumentation [3D X-ray microscope (3DXRM), MicroXCT-200; Carl Zeiss/Xradia, Inc.] that reaches the same resolution as synchrotron microscopy. We used serial transiliac bone biopsy specimens to examine the effect of macroanatomic bone type and estrogen status on osteocyte lacunar properties. These properties include lacunar size (volume, axes lengths of the ellipsoidal lacunar voids), distribution (density, average near-neighbor lacunar distance), and shape factors (sphericity ratio, average eigenvalues, degree of equancy, elongation, and flatness) in both cortical and trabecular bone tissue. The lacunar properties (volume, surface area, density, near-neighbor distance, etc.) and the shape factors (E1, L1, L2, degree of equancy, degree of elongation) were different between cortical and trabecular bone regardless of estrogen status. In cortical bone and trabecular nodes, the lacunar void volume and surface area were either smaller or tended to be smaller in postmenopausal as compared to premenopausal women. The void volume-to-bone volume ratio of cortical bone showed declining trends with estrogen loss. While there were differences between trabecular and cortical bone tissue, the lacunar void sphericity ratio for trabecular struts shows decreasing trends in postmenopausal women. These data suggest that using 3DXRM can provide new insight into osteocyte lacunar properties in transiliac bone biopsies from patients with various skeletal disease/conditions and pharmaceutical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed P Akhter
- Osteoporosis Research Center (ORC), Creighton University of School of Medicine, Suite #4820, 601 North 30th Street, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA.
| | - D B Kimmel
- Osteoporosis Research Center (ORC), Creighton University of School of Medicine, Suite #4820, 601 North 30th Street, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
| | - J M Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center (ORC), Creighton University of School of Medicine, Suite #4820, 601 North 30th Street, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
| | - R R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center (ORC), Creighton University of School of Medicine, Suite #4820, 601 North 30th Street, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
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10
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Herrera PK, Zambolin AP, Fernandes MDS, Cestari TM, Iano FG, Zambuzzi WF, Buzalaf MAR, Oliveira RCD. Fluoride affects bone repair differently in mice models with distinct bone densities. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 39:129-134. [PMID: 27908404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We grouped mice [strains: C57BL/6J (n=32) and C3H/HeJ (n=32)] to address the influence of bone density on fluoride's (F's) biological effects. These animals received low-fluoride food and water containing 0 (control group) or 50ppm of F for up to 28days. The upper left central incisor was extracted, and the left maxilla was collected at 7, 14, 21, and 28days for histological and histomorphometric analysis to estimate bone neoformation. Our results showed bone neoformation in all of the evaluated groups, with the presence of bone islets invading the center of the alveoli when replacing the existing connective tissue. Curiously, this biological phenomenon was more evident in the C57BL/6J strain. The histomorphometric analysis confirmed the histological findings in relation to the amount of new bone tissue and showed a decrease in C3H/HeJ mice (control group). Altogether, our results showed differential effects of fluoride bone metabolism, confirming a genetic component in susceptibility to the effects of fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kennerly Herrera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pelissari Zambolin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mileni da Silva Fernandes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis, km 235, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Godoy Iano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Laboratory for Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University, Rubião Junior S/N, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Abstract
The interface between collagen and the mineral reinforcement phase, carbonated hydroxyapatite (cAp), is essential for bone's remarkable functionality as a biological composite material. The very small dimensions of the cAp phase and the disparate natures of the reinforcement and matrix are essential to the material's performance but also complicate study of this interface. This article summarizes what is known about the cAp-collagen interface in bone and begins with descriptions of the matrix and reinforcement roles in composites, of the phases bounding the interface, of growth of cAp growing within the collagen matrix, and of the effect of intra- and extrafibrilar mineral on determinations of interfacial properties. Different observed interfacial interactions with cAp (collagen, water, non-collagenous proteins) are reviewed; experimental results on interface interactions during loading are reported as are their influence on macroscopic mechanical properties; conclusions of numerical modeling of interfacial interactions are also presented. The data suggest interfacial interlocking (bending of collagen molecules around cAp nanoplatelets) and water-mediated bonding between collagen and cAp are essential to load transfer. The review concludes with descriptions of areas where new research is needed to improve understanding of how the interface functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Stock
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611-3008, USA,
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12
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Qiu ZY, Cui Y, Tao CS, Zhang ZQ, Tang PF, Mao KY, Wang XM, Cui FZ. Mineralized Collagen: Rationale, Current Status, and Clinical Applications. MATERIALS 2015; 8:4733-4750. [PMID: 28793468 PMCID: PMC5455477 DOI: 10.3390/ma8084733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the rationale for the in vitro mineralization process, preparation methods, and clinical applications of mineralized collagen. The rationale for natural mineralized collagen and the related mineralization process has been investigated for decades. Based on the understanding of natural mineralized collagen and its formation process, many attempts have been made to prepare biomimetic materials that resemble natural mineralized collagen in both composition and structure. To date, a number of bone substitute materials have been developed based on the principles of mineralized collagen, and some of them have been commercialized and approved by regulatory agencies. The clinical outcomes of mineralized collagen are of significance to advance the evaluation and improvement of related medical device products. Some representative clinical cases have been reported, and there are more clinical applications and long-term follow-ups that currently being performed by many research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ye Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.
- Beijing Allgens Medical Science and Technology Co., Ltd., No.1 Disheng East Road, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Yun Cui
- Beijing Allgens Medical Science and Technology Co., Ltd., No.1 Disheng East Road, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Chun-Sheng Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.
- The 401 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 22 Minjiang Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zi-Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Allgens Medical Science and Technology Co., Ltd., No.1 Disheng East Road, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Pei-Fu Tang
- The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Ke-Ya Mao
- The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xiu-Mei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fu-Zhai Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.
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13
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Xu B, Ju Y, Cui Y, Song G. Carbon nanotube array inducing osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 51:182-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Raspanti M, Reguzzoni M, Protasoni M, Congiu T. Mineralization-related modifications in the calcifying tendons of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Micron 2015; 71:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Rickman JM, Smith MJ. Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Gunshot Defects to Bone: An Underutilized Source of Information on Ballistic Trauma. J Forensic Sci 2014; 59:1473-86. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Rickman
- School of Applied Sciences; Bournemouth University; Poole Dorset BH12 5BB U.K
| | - Martin J. Smith
- School of Applied Sciences; Bournemouth University; Poole Dorset BH12 5BB U.K
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16
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Dong P, Haupert S, Hesse B, Langer M, Gouttenoire PJ, Bousson V, Peyrin F. 3D osteocyte lacunar morphometric properties and distributions in human femoral cortical bone using synchrotron radiation micro-CT images. Bone 2014; 60:172-85. [PMID: 24334189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes, the most numerous bone cells, are thought to be actively involved in the bone modeling and remodeling processes. The morphology of osteocyte is hypothesized to adapt according to the physiological mechanical loading. Three-dimensional micro-CT has recently been used to study osteocyte lacunae. In this work, we proposed a computationally efficient and validated automated image analysis method to quantify the 3D shape descriptors of osteocyte lacunae and their distribution in human femurs. Thirteen samples were imaged using Synchrotron Radiation (SR) micro-CT at ID19 of the ESRF with 1.4μm isotropic voxel resolution. With a field of view of about 2.9×2.9×1.4mm(3), the 3D images include several tens of thousands of osteocyte lacunae. We designed an automated quantification method to segment and extract 3D cell descriptors from osteocyte lacunae. An image moment-based approach was used to calculate the volume, length, width, height and anisotropy of each osteocyte lacuna. We employed a fast algorithm to further efficiently calculate the surface area, the Euler number and the structure model index (SMI) of each lacuna. We also introduced the 3D lacunar density map to directly visualize the lacunar density variation over a large field of view. We reported the lacunar morphometric properties and distributions as well as cortical bone histomorphometric indices on the 13 bone samples. The mean volume and surface were found to be 409.5±149.7μm(3) and 336.2±94.5μm(2). The average dimensions were of 18.9±4.9μm in length, 9.2±2.1μm in width and 4.8±1.1μm in depth. We found lacunar number density and six osteocyte lacunar descriptors, three axis lengths, two anisotropy ratios and SMI, that are significantly correlated to bone porosity at a same local region. The proposed method allowed an automatic and efficient direct 3D analysis of a large population of bone cells and is expected to provide reliable biological information for better understanding the bone quality and diseases at cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Dong
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220; Inserm U1044; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, X-Ray Imaging Group, 38043 Grenoble, France.
| | - Sylvain Haupert
- UMPC Univ Paris 6, UMR 7623, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramétrique, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220; Inserm U1044; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, X-Ray Imaging Group, 38043 Grenoble, France; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Max Langer
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220; Inserm U1044; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, X-Ray Imaging Group, 38043 Grenoble, France.
| | - Pierre-Jean Gouttenoire
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220; Inserm U1044; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, X-Ray Imaging Group, 38043 Grenoble, France.
| | - Valérie Bousson
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, B2OA, UMR 7052 CNRS, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Françoise Peyrin
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220; Inserm U1044; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, X-Ray Imaging Group, 38043 Grenoble, France.
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17
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Grüner D, Lips KS, Heiss C, Schnettler R, Kollmann T, Simon P, Kniep R. Irregular shaped, assumably semi-crystalline calciumphosphate platelet deposition at the mineralization front of rabbit femur osteotomy: a HR-TEM study. SCANNING 2013; 35:169-182. [PMID: 22899186 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although bone minerals have been widely studied by various techniques in previous studies, crystal structures, morphology of bone minerals and its building pathway remained still controversy. In this work, the ultrastructure of the mineralization front of rabbit femur has been studied by conventional and high-resolution (HR) transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In order to induce a healing and demineralization process the animals were subjected to a standardized osteotomy stabilized with titan screws and sonic pins. After 84 days follow-up time the newly build bone was investigated. The mineralization front of rabbit femur osteotomy contains partly mineralized collagen fibrils with a pronounced striped pattern together with a large number of agglomerated apatite platelets. The striation is caused by mineralization in the hole zones of the collagen fibrils, corresponding to the early stage of mineralization. In the TEM micrographs, the mineralization zone appears denser and compact when compared with fully mineralized bone, although most of the collagen fibrils are completely mineralized in the latter (higher concentration of interfibrillar apatite platelets within the mineralization zone). In bone some partly mineralized collagen fibrils are also observed, revealing the same arrangement, regular shape, and size of apatite platelets as collagen fibrils in the mineralization zone. Apatite platelets with irregular shapes are observed at the vortex-shaped outer boundary of the mineralization zone, i.e. at the interfaces with nonmineralized collagen or osteoblasts. HR TEM micrographs reveal that the platelets are assumably semicrystalline and that within the platelet nanocrystalline domains of apatite are embedded in an amorphous calciumphosphate matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grüner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Abstract
In situ synchrotron X-ray scattering and diffraction, in combination with micromechanical testing, can provide quantitative information on the nanoscale mechanics of biomineralized composites, such as bone, nacre, and enamel. Due to the hierarchical architecture of these systems, the methodology for extraction of mechanical parameters at the molecular and supramolecular scale requires special considerations regarding design of mechanical test apparatus, sample preparation and testing, data analysis, and interpretation of X-ray structural information in terms of small-scale mechanics. In this chapter, this methodology is described using as a case study the deformation mechanisms at the fibrillar and mineral particle level in cortical bone. Following a description of the sample preparation, testing, and analysis procedures for bone in general, two applications of the method-to understand fibrillar-level mechanics in tension and bending in a mouse model of rachitic disease-are presented, together with a discussion of how to relate in situ scattering and diffraction data acquired during mechanical testing to nanostructural models for deformation of biomineralized composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Karunaratne
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Engineering and Material Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Jabłoński M, Gun'ko VM, Golovan AP, Leboda R, Skubiszewska-Zięba J, Pluta R, Turov VV. Textural characteristics of model and natural bone tissues and interfacial behavior of bound water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 392:446-462. [PMID: 23142010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water, as a probe liquid bound in model systems (highly disperse hydroxyapatite - protein composites as a model of the main components of bones) and rat bone tissues healthy and affected by osteoporosis occurred due to experimental Alzheimer's disease (EAD), has been investigated using low-temperature (1)H NMR spectroscopy, NMR cryoporometry, TG/DTG/DTA, DSC, and TG and DSC thermoporometry. The textural characteristics of these intact systems cannot be studied using the standard adsorption methods, but the cryoporometry and thermoporometry methods give these characteristics. The (1)H NMR spectra of water bound in model and natural bone tissues include signals, which can be assigned to strongly associated (typical) water (SAW, chemical shift of proton resonance δ(H)=5-6 ppm) and weakly associated (atypical) water (WAW) at δ(H)=1-2 ppm. Contributions of SAW and WAW give information on textural organization of both model and natural bones. The influence of such co-adsorbates as HCl, CDCl(3), CD(3)CN, C(6)D(6), and (CD(3))(2)SO on the interfacial behavior and clustering of bound water depends on their polarity, amounts of components, and textural and structural features of the materials analyzed with the (1)H NMR spectroscopy and cryoporometry methods. According to the NMR cryoporometry data, the EAD causes an increase in nanoporosity of the bone tissues. The total porosity and the specific surface area of biostructures (accessible for water molecules and estimated using NMR cryoporometry and TG thermoporometry methods with a model of cylindrical pores) are larger for the EAD sample. Weakly polar chloroform-d has a significant influence on the organization of water in the bone tissue, and this effect is greater for the EAD sample as more porous material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Jabłoński
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Lublin Medical University, 20-094 Lublin, Poland
| | - Vladimir M Gun'ko
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, 17 General Naumov Street, 03164 Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - Alina P Golovan
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, 17 General Naumov Street, 03164 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Roman Leboda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vladimir V Turov
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, 17 General Naumov Street, 03164 Kiev, Ukraine
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20
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Pradhan SM, Katti KS, Katti DR. Structural Hierarchy Controls Deformation Behavior of Collagen. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2562-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashindra M. Pradhan
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo,
North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Kalpana S. Katti
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo,
North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Dinesh R. Katti
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo,
North Dakota 58108, United States
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21
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Yamamoto T, Hasegawa T, Sasaki M, Hongo H, Tabata C, Liu Z, Li M, Amizuka N. Structure and formation of the twisted plywood pattern of collagen fibrils in rat lamellar bone. Microscopy (Oxf) 2012; 61:113-21. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfs033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Islam A, Neil Dong X, Wang X. Mechanistic modeling of a nanoscratch test for determination of in situ toughness of bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 5:156-64. [PMID: 22100090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a nanoscratch technique that can be used to measure the in situ toughness of bone at micro/nanostructural levels. Among the currently possible techniques, the surface scratch test may be conducted on very small regions, thus exhibiting a potential in determining the in situ failure behavior of materials. To adapt such a technique for assessing bone toughness at the micro/nanostructural levels and for limited stocks in small animal bone models (e.g. zebra finish and mice), a simple but reasonably accurate mechanistic model for the nanoscratch test was developed in this study. This model was based on the assumption that the removal energy of the tissue required during the nanoscratch test is the manifestation of the in situ toughness and the shear flow stress during the removal process is a measure of the in situ strength of bone. In addition, the experimental methodologies were developed to determine the elastic recovery force and frictional coefficients between the scratch tip and bone specimens that are required by the model. Finally, the efficacy of the nanoscratch technique was verified by testing bone samples from control (wild type), mild, and severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) mice, which have a distinct degree of brittleness. The experimental results indicated that the nanoscratch test could sensitively detect the in situ brittleness and strength of bone from the animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anowarul Islam
- Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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23
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Voltolini M, Wenk HR, Gomez Barreiro J, Agarwal SC. Hydroxylapatite lattice preferred orientation in bone: a study of macaque, human and bovine samples. J Appl Crystallogr 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889811024344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylpatite crystallites in lamellar bone show preferred orientation. In this study, the texture (lattice preferred orientation) of the crystallites in cortical bone samples has been studied by means of synchrotron hard X-ray diffraction, performing a combined analysis with the Rietveld method to quantify fully the preferred orientation features and to obtain lattice and microstructural parameters (such as crystallite size) simultaneously. The samples were ribs from four adult female macaques of different ages, and two femurs chosen for comparison, one from a human child and one from an adult cow. The effect of the preferred orientation of the mineral component on the elastic properties is also briefly discussed. All six samples, averaging volumes of ∼0.5 mm3, show strong preferred orientation, with the hydroxylapatitecaxis parallel to the bone axis. The symmetry of the texture is almost perfectly axial and clearly displays a uniform girdle of theaaxis perpendicular to the bone axis. The texture strength is very similar for the four macaque rib samples, while some variation is observed in the human (weaker) and bovine (stronger) femurs. The crystallite size (8 × 30 nm) and unit-cell lattice parameters are similar in all samples. The Rietveld analysis provides for the first time a quantitative texture analysis combined with structural and microstructural hydroxylapatite analysis of the same bone samples.
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24
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Feng L, Jasiuk I. Multi-scale characterization of swine femoral cortical bone. J Biomech 2011; 44:313-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Schneider P, Meier M, Wepf R, Müller R. Towards quantitative 3D imaging of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network. Bone 2010; 47:848-58. [PMID: 20691297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes are the most abundant cells in bone and the only cells embedded in the bone mineral matrix. They form an extended, three-dimensional (3D) network, whose processes interconnecting the cell bodies reside in thin canals, the canaliculi. Together with the osteocyte lacunae, the canaliculi form the lacuno-canalicular network (LCN). As the negative imprint of the cellular network within bone tissue, the LCN morphology is considered to play a central role for bone mechanosensation and mechanotransduction. However, the LCN has neither been visualized nor quantified in an adequate way up to now. On this account, this article summarizes the current state of knowledge of the LCN morphology and then reviews different imaging methods regarding the quantitative 3D assessment of bone tissue in general and of the LCN in particular. These imaging methods will provide new insights in the field of bone mechanosensation and mechanotransduction and thus, into processes of strain sensation and transduction, which are tightly associated with osteocyte viability and bone quality.
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26
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Katti DR, Pradhan SM, Katti KS. Directional dependence of hydroxyapatite-collagen interactions on mechanics of collagen. J Biomech 2010; 43:1723-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Shen J, Fan L, Yang J, Shen AG, Hu JM. A longitudinal Raman microspectroscopic study of osteoporosis induced by spinal cord injury. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:81-7. [PMID: 19436936 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-0949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A longitudinal study was established to investigate bone compositional information in spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model. METHODS Raman spectroscopy was applied to detect the distal femur and humeri of SCI, sham-operated (SO), and age-matched control (CON) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at first, second, third, and fifth weeks after surgery. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc multiple comparison tests were used to analyze the longitudinal data of mineral to matrix ratio and carbonate substitution. RESULTS Relative mineral decrease was found in SCI group by more than 20% in femur and approximately 12% in humeri compared with CON group. No significant changes in carbonate substitution were observed. CONCLUSIONS Severe bone loss in the early stage of SCI was confirmed by a continuous decrease of the mineral to collagen matrix ratio. The decrease in the humeri suggested hormone level variations might participate in the etiology of SCI-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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28
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Laurencin D, Wong A, Chrzanowski W, Knowles JC, Qiu D, Pickup DM, Newport RJ, Gan Z, Duer MJ, Smith ME. Probing the calcium and sodium local environment in bones and teeth using multinuclear solid state NMR and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:1081-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b915708e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Gupta H, Zioupos P. Fracture of bone tissue: The ‘hows’ and the ‘whys’. Med Eng Phys 2008; 30:1209-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Postpubertal architectural developmental patterns differ between the L3 vertebra and proximal tibia in three inbred strains of mice. J Bone Miner Res 2008; 23:2048-59. [PMID: 18684086 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.080808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of normal microarchitectural bone development patterns of common murine models is needed. Longitudinal, structural, and mineralization trends were evaluated by in vivo microCT over 12 time points from 6-48 wk of age at the vertebra and tibia of C3H/HeN, C57BL/6, and BALB/C mice. Longitudinal growth occurred rapidly until 8-10 wk, slowed as the growth plate bridged, and fused at 8-10 mo. Structural augmentation occurred through formation of trabeculae at the growth plate and thickening of existing ones. In the vertebrae, BV/TV increased rapidly until 12 wk in all strains. Between 12 and 32 wk, the architecture was stable with BV/TV deviating <1.1%, 1.6%, and 3.4% for the C57BL/6, BALB/C, and C3H/HeN mice. In contrast, the tibial architecture changed continuously but more moderately for BV/TV and TbTh compared with the vertebra and with comparable or larger changes for TbN and TbSp. Age-related trabecular deterioration (decreased BV/TV and TbN; increased TbSp and structure model index) was evident at both sites at 32 wk. In all strains, the cortex continued to develop after trabecular values peaked. The temporal plateau of BMD was variable across mouse strains and site, whereas tissue mineral density was attained at approximately 6 mo for all sites and strains. Geometric changes at the tibial diaphysis occurred rapidly until 8-10 wk, providing the C57BL/6 mice and C3H/HeN mice with the highest torsional and compressive rigidity, respectively. In summary, key skeletal development milestones were identified, and architectural topology at the vertebra was found to be more stable than at the tibia.
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Biggs MJP, Richards RG, McFarlane S, Wilkinson CDW, Oreffo ROC, Dalby MJ. Adhesion formation of primary human osteoblasts and the functional response of mesenchymal stem cells to 330nm deep microgrooves. J R Soc Interface 2008; 5:1231-42. [PMID: 18348958 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface microtexture of an orthopaedic device can regulate cellular adhesion, a process fundamental in the initiation of osteoinduction and osteogenesis. Advances in fabrication techniques have evolved to include the field of surface modification; in particular, nanotechnology has allowed for the development of experimental nanoscale substrates for investigation into cell nanofeature interactions. Here primary human osteoblasts (HOBs) were cultured on ordered nanoscale groove/ridge arrays fabricated by photolithography. Grooves were 330nm deep and either 10, 25 or 100microm in width. Adhesion subtypes in HOBs were quantified by immunofluorescent microscopy and cell-substrate interactions were investigated via immunocytochemistry with scanning electron microscopy. To further investigate the effects of these substrates on cellular function, 1.7K gene microarray analysis was used to establish gene regulation profiles of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on these nanotopographies. Nanotopographies significantly affected the formation of focal complexes (FXs), focal adhesions (FAs) and supermature adhesions (SMAs). Planar control substrates induced widespread adhesion formation; 100microm wide groove/ridge arrays did not significantly affect adhesion formation yet induced upregulation of genes involved in skeletal development and increased osteospecific function; 25microm wide groove/ridge arrays were associated with a reduction in SMA and an increase in FX formation; and 10microm wide groove/ridge arrays significantly reduced osteoblast adhesion and induced an interplay of up- and downregulation of gene expression. This study indicates that groove/ridge topographies are important modulators of both cellular adhesion and osteospecific function and, critically, that groove/ridge width is important in determining cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J P Biggs
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Tzaphlidou M. Bone architecture: collagen structure and calcium/phosphorus maps. J Biol Phys 2008; 34:39-49. [PMID: 19669491 PMCID: PMC2577747 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-008-9115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone collagen structure in normal and pathological tissues is presented using techniques of thin section transmission electron microscopy and morphometry. In pathological tissue, deviations from normal fine structure are reflected in abnormal arrangements of collagen fibrils and abnormalities in fibril diameter. The relationships between these bone structural changes and the skeletal calcium/phosphorus ratio are discussed. Calcium/phosphorus ratio is measured by X-ray absorptiometry and computed microtomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Tzaphlidou
- Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, Ioannina University, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Wise LM, Wang Z, Grynpas MD. The use of fractography to supplement analysis of bone mechanical properties in different strains of mice. Bone 2007; 41:620-30. [PMID: 17690026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fractography has not been fully developed as a useful technique in assessing failure mechanisms of bone. While fracture surfaces of osteonal bone have been explored, this may not apply to conventional mechanical testing of mouse bone. Thus, the focus of this work was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a fractography protocol for use in supplementing the interpretation of failure mechanisms in mouse bone. Micro-computed tomography and three-point bending were performed on femora of two groups of 6-month-old mice (C57BL/6 and a mixed strain background of 129SV/C57BL6). SEM images of fracture surfaces were collected, and areas of "tension", "compression" and "transition" were identified. Percent areas of roughness were identified and estimated within areas of "tension" and "compression" and subsequently compared to surface roughness measurements generated from an optical profiler. Porosity parameters were determined on the tensile side. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate correlations between certain parameters. Results show that 129 mice exhibit significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD), number of "large" pores, failure strength, elastic modulus and energy to failure compared to B6 mice (p<0.001). Both 129 and B6 mice exhibit significantly (p<0.01) more percent areas of tension (49+/-1%, 42+/-2%; respectively) compared to compression (26+/-2%, 31+/-1%; respectively). In terms of "roughness", B6 mice exhibit significantly less "rough" areas (30+/-4%) compared to "smooth" areas (70+/-4%) on the tensile side only (p<0.001). Qualitatively, 129 mice demonstrate more evidence of bone toughening through fiber bridging and loosely connected fiber bundles. The number of large pores is positively correlated with failure strength (p=0.004), elastic modulus (p=0.002) and energy to failure (p=0.041). Percent area of tensile surfaces is positively correlated with failure strength (p<0.001), elastic modulus (p=0.016) and BMD (p=0.037). Percent area of rough compressive surfaces is positively correlated with energy to failure (p=0.039). Evaluation of fracture surfaces has helped to explain why 129 mice have increased mechanical properties compared to B6 mice, namely via toughening mechanisms on the compressive side of failure. Several correlations exist between fractography parameters and mechanical behavior, supporting the utility of fractography with skeletal mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Wise
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Fritsch A, Hellmich C. 'Universal' microstructural patterns in cortical and trabecular, extracellular and extravascular bone materials: micromechanics-based prediction of anisotropic elasticity. J Theor Biol 2006; 244:597-620. [PMID: 17074362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone materials are characterized by an astonishing variability and diversity. Still, because of 'architectural constraints' due to once chosen material constituents and their physical interaction, the fundamental hierarchical organization or basic building plans of bone materials remain largely unchanged during biological evolution. Such universal patterns of microstructural organization govern the mechanical interaction of the elementary components of bone (hydroxyapatite, collagen, water; with directly measurable tissue-independent elastic properties), which are here quantified through a multiscale homogenization scheme delivering effective elastic properties of bone materials: at a scale of 10nm, long cylindrical collagen molecules, attached to each other at their ends by approximately 1.5nm long crosslinks and hosting intermolecular water inbetween, form a contiguous matrix called wet collagen. At a scale of several hundred nanometers, wet collagen and mineral crystal agglomerations interpenetrate each other, forming the mineralized fibril. At a scale of 5-10microm, the extracellular solid bone matrix is represented as collagen fibril inclusions embedded in a foam of largely disordered (extrafibrillar) mineral crystals. At a scale above the ultrastructure, where lacunae are embedded in extracellular bone matrix, the extravascular bone material is observed. Model estimates predicted from tissue-specific composition data gained from a multitude of chemical and physical tests agree remarkably well with corresponding acoustic stiffness experiments across a variety of cortical and trabecular, extracellular and extravascular materials. Besides from reconciling the well-documented, seemingly opposed concepts of 'mineral-reinforced collagen matrix' and 'collagen-reinforced mineral matrix' for bone ultrastructure, this approach opens new possibilities in the exploitation of computer tomographic data for nano-to-macro mechanics of bone organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fritsch
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
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Tzaphlidou M. The role of collagen in bone structure: An image processing approach. Micron 2005; 36:593-601. [PMID: 16209926 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2005] [Revised: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone collagen structure in normal and pathological tissues is illustrated using techniques of thin section transmission electron microscopy and computer-assisted analysis. The normal bone collagen types, fibril architecture and diameter are described. In pathological tissue, deviations from normal fine structure are reflected in abnormal arrangements of collagen fibrils and abnormalities in fibril diameter. Computer analyses of normal fibril positive staining patterns are presented in order to provide a basis for comparing such patterns with pathological ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Tzaphlidou
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, Medical School, Ioannina University, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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