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Di Y, Wasan EK, Cawthray J, Syeda J, Ali M, Cooper DML, Al-Dissi A, Ashjaee N, Cheng W, Johnston J, Weekes DM, Kostelnik TI, Orvig C, Wasan KM. Evaluation of La(XT), a novel lanthanide compound, in an OVX rat model of osteoporosis. Bone Rep 2021; 14:100753. [PMID: 33665236 PMCID: PMC7905442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a novel lanthanum compound, La(XT), in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis. Methods Twenty-four ovariectomized female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups receiving a research diet with/without treatment compounds (alendronate: 3 mg/kg; La(XT) 100 mg/kg) for three months. At the time of sacrifice, the kidney, liver, brain, lung and spleen were collected for histological examination. The trabecular bone structure of the tibiae was evaluated using micro-CT and a three-point metaphyseal mechanical test was used to evaluate bone failure load and stiffness. Results No significant differences were noted in plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) between the La(XT) treatment compared to the non-treated OVX group. Alendronate-treated animals (positive control) showed higher BV/TV, Tb.N and lower Tb.Th and Tb.Sp when compared to the non-treated OVX group. Mechanical analysis indicated that stiffness was higher in the alendronate (32.88%, p = 0.04) when compared to the non-treated OVX group. Failure load did not differ among the groups. Conclusions No kidney or liver toxicities of La(XT) treatments were found during the three-month study. The absence of liver and kidney toxicity with drug treatment for 3 months, as well as the increased trabecular bone stiffness are encouraging for the pursuit of further studies with La(XT) for a longer duration of time.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BV/TV, bone volume fraction
- CRF, chronic renal failure
- Ca2+, calcium
- Cr, creatinine
- HAP, hydroxyapatite
- La(XT)
- La3+, lanthanum
- Lanthanum
- OVX
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Osteoporosis
- SD, Sprague Dawley
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- Toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Di
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Ellen K Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Cawthray
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Jaweria Syeda
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Munawar Ali
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - David M L Cooper
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ahmad Al-Dissi
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Nima Ashjaee
- College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Wubin Cheng
- College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - James Johnston
- College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - David M Weekes
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Behets GJ, Mubiana KV, Lamberts L, Finsterle K, Traill N, Blust R, D'Haese PC. Use of lanthanum for water treatment A matter of concern? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124780. [PMID: 31726528 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among several other eutrophication management tools, Phoslock®, a lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) clay, is now frequently used. Concerns have been raised as to whether exposure to Phoslock®-treated water may lead to lanthanum accumulation/toxicity in both animals and humans. In the present experimental study, rats were administered lanthanum orally as either lanthanum carbonate, lanthanum chloride or Phoslock® at doses of either 0.5 or 17 mg/L during 10 weeks. Controls received vehicle. The gastrointestinal absorption and tissue distribution of lanthanum was investigated. Extremely strict measures were implemented to avoid cross-contamination between different tissues or animals. Results showed no differences in gastrointestinal absorption between the different compounds under study as reflected by the serum lanthanum levels and concentrations found in the brain, bone, heart, spleen, lung, kidney and testes. At sacrifice, significant but equally increased lanthanum concentrations versus vehicle were observed in the liver for the highest dose of each compound which however, remained several orders of magnitude below the liver lanthanum concentration previously measured after long-term therapeutic administration of lanthanum carbonate and for which no hepatotoxicity was noticed in humans. In conclusion, (i) the use of LMB does not pose a toxicity risk (ii) gastrointestinal absorption of lanthanum is minimal and independent on the type of the compound, (iii) with exception of the liver, no significant increase in lanthanum levels is observed in the various organs under study, (iv) based on previous studies, the slightly increased liver lanthanum levels observed in a worst case scenario do not hold any risk of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert J Behets
- Laboratory of Pahophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kayawe Valentine Mubiana
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Lamberts
- Laboratory of Pahophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Nigel Traill
- Phoslock® Environmental Technologies Ltd, Australia
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pahophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
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3
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D'Haese PC, Douglas G, Verhulst A, Neven E, Behets GJ, Vervaet BA, Finsterle K, Lürling M, Spears B. Human health risk associated with the management of phosphorus in freshwaters using lanthanum and aluminium. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:286-299. [PMID: 30590295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of geo-engineering materials to manage phosphorus in lakes has increased in recent years with aluminium and lanthanum based materials being most commonly applied. Hence the potential impact of the use of these compounds on human health is receiving growing interest. This review seeks to understand, evaluate and compare potential unintended consequences on human health and ecotoxicological risks associated with the use of lanthanum- and aluminium-based materials to modify chemical and ecological conditions in water bodies. In addition to their therapeutic use for the reduction of intestinal phosphate absorption in patients with impaired renal function, the phosphate binding capacity of aluminium and lanthanum also led to the development of materials used for water treatment. Although lanthanum and aluminium share physicochemical similarities and have many common applications, their uptake and kinetics within the human body and living organisms importantly differ from each other which is reflected in a different toxicity profile. Whilst a causal role in the development of neurological pathologies, skeletal lesions, hematopoietic disorders and respiratory effects has unequivocally been demonstrated with increased exposure to aluminium, studies until now have failed to find such a clear association after exposure to lanthanum although caution is warranted. Our review indicates that lanthanum and aluminium have a distinctly different profile with respect to their potential effects on human health. Regular monitoring of both aluminium and lanthanum concentrations in lanthanum-/aluminium-treated water by the responsible authorities is recommended to avoid acute accidental or chronic low level accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen Neven
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert J Behets
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Karin Finsterle
- Abteilung Limnologie, Institut Dr. Nowak, Mayenbrook 1, 28870 Ottersberg, Germany
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bryan Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
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Yabuki K, Haratake J, Tsuda Y, Shiba E, Harada H, Yorita K, Uchihashi K, Matsuyama A, Hirata K, Hisaoka M. Lanthanum-Induced Mucosal Alterations in the Stomach (Lanthanum Gastropathy): a Comparative Study Using an Animal Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 185:36-47. [PMID: 29302869 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanum (La) carbonate (LC) is one of the most potent phosphate binders that prevents the elevation of serum phosphate levels in patients with end-stage renal diseases undergoing dialysis. LC binds strongly to dietary phosphate and forms insoluble complexes that pass through the gastrointestinal tract. La deposition in patients treated with LC is a recently documented finding particularly observed in gastric mucosa. We herein describe the detailed gastric mucosal lesions in 45 LC-treated patients and address the potential underlying pathologic mechanism using oral LC administration in rats. Microscopically, La deposition, as shown by subepithelial collections of plump eosinophilic histiocytes or small foreign body granulomas containing coarse granular or amorphous inclusion bodies, was found in the gastric mucosa of 44 (97.8%) of the 45 dialysis patients in the study cohort, which was most frequently associated with foveolar hyperplasia (37.8%). Using oral administration of rats with 1000 mg/day LC for 2 or more weeks, La deposition was consistently detectable in the gastric mucosa but not in other organs examined. In addition, various histologic alterations such as glandular atrophy, stromal fibrosis, proliferation of mucous neck cells, intestinal metaplasia, squamous cell papilloma, erosion, and ulcer were demonstrated in the rat model. Thus, orally administered LC can induce mucosal injury, designated here as La gastropathy, which may alter the local environment and result in La deposition in the gastric mucosa, thereby potentially inducing abnormal cell proliferation or neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yabuki
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
- Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Joji Haratake
- Division of Pathology, Saiseikai Yahata General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yojiro Tsuda
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Eisuke Shiba
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Yorita
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Kochi Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | | | - Atsuji Matsuyama
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirata
- Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masanori Hisaoka
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
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Andrássy L, Gomez I, Horváth Á, Gulyás K, Pethö Z, Juhász B, Bhattoa HP, Szekanecz Z. Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS): use of a geological tool in assessing bone mineral content. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1225-1236. [PMID: 29453616 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone may be similar to geological formulations in many ways. Therefore, it may be logical to apply laser-based geological techniques in bone research. The mineral and element oxide composition of bioapatite can be estimated by mathematical models. Laser-induced plasma spectrometry (LIPS) has long been used in geology. This method may provide a possibility to determine the composition and concentration of element oxides forming the inorganic part of bones. In this study, we wished to standardize the LIPS technique and use mathematical calculations and models in order to determine CaO distribution and bone homogeneity using bovine shin bone samples. We used polished slices of five bovine shin bones. A portable LIPS instrument using high-power Nd++YAG laser pulses has been developed (OpLab, Budapest). Analysis of CaO distribution was carried out in a 10 × 10 sampling matrix applying 300-μm sampling intervals. We assessed both cortical and trabecular bone areas. Regions of interest (ROI) were determined under microscope. CaO peaks were identified in the 200-500 nm wavelength range. A mathematical formula was used to calculate the element oxide composition (wt%) of inorganic bone. We also applied two accepted mathematical approaches, the Bartlett's test and frequency distribution curve-based analysis, to determine the homogeneity of CaO distribution in bones. We were able to standardize the LIPS technique for bone research. CaO concentrations in the cortical and trabecular regions of B1-5 bones were 33.11 ± 3.99% (range 24.02-40.43%) and 27.60 ± 7.44% (range 3.58-39.51%), respectively. CaO concentrations highly corresponded to those routinely determined by ICP-OES. We were able to graphically demonstrate CaO distribution in both 2D and 3D. We also determined possible interrelations between laser-induced craters and bone structure units, which may reflect the bone structure and may influence the heterogeneity of CaO distributions. By using two different statistical methods, we could confirm if bone samples were homogeneous or not with respect to CaO concentration distribution. LIPS, a technique previously used in geology, may be included in bone research. Assessment of element oxide concentrations in the inorganic part of bone, as well as mathematical calculations may be useful to determine the content of CaO and other element oxides in bone, further analyze bone structure and homogeneity and possibly apply this research to normal, as well as diseased bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Andrássy
- Hungarian Geological and Geophysical Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Izabella Gomez
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Str 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Horváth
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Str 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gulyás
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Str 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Pethö
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Str 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Balázs Juhász
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Harjit Pal Bhattoa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Str 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
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Copetti D, Finsterle K, Marziali L, Stefani F, Tartari G, Douglas G, Reitzel K, Spears BM, Winfield IJ, Crosa G, D'Haese P, Yasseri S, Lürling M. Eutrophication management in surface waters using lanthanum modified bentonite: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 97:162-174. [PMID: 26706125 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the scientific knowledge on the use of a lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) to manage eutrophication in surface water. The LMB has been applied in around 200 environments worldwide and it has undergone extensive testing at laboratory, mesocosm, and whole lake scales. The available data underline a high efficiency for phosphorus binding. This efficiency can be limited by the presence of humic substances and competing oxyanions. Lanthanum concentrations detected during a LMB application are generally below acute toxicological threshold of different organisms, except in low alkalinity waters. To date there are no indications for long-term negative effects on LMB treated ecosystems, but issues related to La accumulation, increase of suspended solids and drastic resources depletion still need to be explored, in particular for sediment dwelling organisms. Application of LMB in saline waters need a careful risk evaluation due to potential lanthanum release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Copetti
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino, 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Karin Finsterle
- Institut Dr. Nowak, Mayenbrook 1, 28870, Ottersberg, Germany
| | - Laura Marziali
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino, 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stefani
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino, 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Gianni Tartari
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Via del Mulino, 19, 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | | | - Kasper Reitzel
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Bryan M Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Ian J Winfield
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Giuseppe Crosa
- Ecology Unit, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Patrick D'Haese
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Said Yasseri
- Institut Dr. Nowak, Mayenbrook 1, 28870, Ottersberg, Germany
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Andrássy L, Maros G, Kovács IJ, Horváth Á, Gulyás K, Bertalan É, Besnyi A, Füri J, Fancsik T, Szekanecz Z, Bhattoa HP. [Applicability of laser-based geological techniques in bone research: analysis of calcium oxide distribution in thin-cut animal bones]. Orv Hetil 2014; 155:1783-93. [PMID: 25362641 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2014.30010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The structural similarities between the inorganic component of bone tissue and geological formations make it possible that mathematic models may be used to determine weight percentage composition of different mineral element oxides constituting the inorganic component of bone tissue. The determined weight percentage composition can be verified with the determination of element oxide concentration values by laser induced plasma spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. It can be concluded from calculated weight percentage composition of the inorganic component of bone tissue and laboratory analyses that the properties of bone tissue are determined primarily by hydroxylapatite. The inorganic bone structure can be studied well by determining the calcium oxide concentration distribution using the laser induced plasma spectroscopy technique. In the present study, thin polished bone slides prepared from male bovine tibia were examined with laser induced plasma spectroscopy in a regular network and combined sampling system to derive the calculated calcium oxide concentration distribution. The superficial calcium oxide concentration distribution, as supported by "frequency distribution" curves, can be categorized into a number of groups. This, as such, helps in clearly demarcating the cortical and trabecular bone structures. Following analyses of bovine tibial bone, the authors found a positive association between the attenuation value, as determined by quantitative computer tomography and the "ρ" density, as used in geology. Furthermore, the calculated "ρ" density and the measured average calcium oxide concentration values showed inverse correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyula Maros
- Magyar Földtani és Geofizikai Intézet Budapest
| | | | - Ágnes Horváth
- Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Reumatológiai Tanszék Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98. 4032
| | - Katalin Gulyás
- Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Reumatológiai Tanszék Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98. 4032
| | | | | | - Judit Füri
- Magyar Földtani és Geofizikai Intézet Budapest
| | | | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Reumatológiai Tanszék Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98. 4032
| | - Harjit Pal Bhattoa
- Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Laboratóriumi Medicina Intézet Debrecen
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Synthesis, structure, thermal stability, mechanical and antibacterial behaviour of lanthanum (La3+) substitutions in β-tricalciumphosphate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:598-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A magnesium based phosphate binder reduces vascular calcification without affecting bone in chronic renal failure rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107067. [PMID: 25229549 PMCID: PMC4167554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The alternative phosphate binder calcium acetate/magnesium carbonate (CaMg) effectively reduces hyperphosphatemia, the most important inducer of vascular calcification, in chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study, the effect of low dose CaMg on vascular calcification and possible effects of CaMg on bone turnover, a persistent clinical controversy, were evaluated in chronic renal failure rats. Adenine-induced CRF rats were treated daily with 185 mg/kg CaMg or vehicle for 5 weeks. The aortic calcium content and area% calcification were measured to evaluate the effect of CaMg. To study the effect of CaMg on bone remodeling, rats underwent 5/6th nephrectomy combined with either a normal phosphorus diet or a high phosphorus diet to differentiate between possible bone effects resulting from either CaMg-induced phosphate deficiency or a direct effect of Mg. Vehicle or CaMg was administered at doses of 185 and 375 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Bone histomorphometry was performed. Aortic calcium content was significantly reduced by 185 mg/kg/day CaMg. CaMg ameliorated features of hyperparathyroid bone disease. In CRF rats on a normal phosphorus diet, the highest CaMg dose caused an increase in osteoid area due to phosphate depletion. The high phosphorus diet combined with the highest CaMg dose prevented the phosphate depletion and thus the rise in osteoid area. CaMg had no effect on osteoblast/osteoclast or dynamic bone parameters, and did not alter bone Mg levels. CaMg at doses that reduce vascular calcification did not show any harmful effect on bone turnover.
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Nunamaker EA, Sherman JG. Oral administration of lanthanum dioxycarbonate does not alter bone morphology of normal cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 35:193-7. [PMID: 21521236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Nunamaker
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Damment S, Secker R, Shen V, Lorenzo V, Rodriguez M. Long-term treatment with lanthanum carbonate reduces mineral and bone abnormalities in rats with chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:1803-12. [PMID: 21098011 PMCID: PMC3107768 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Lanthanum carbonate (FOSRENOL®, Shire Pharmaceuticals) is an effective non-calcium, non-resin phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we used a rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF) to examine the long-term effects of controlling serum phosphorus with lanthanum carbonate treatment on the biochemical and bone abnormalities associated with CKD–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD). Methods. Rats were fed a normal diet (normal renal function, NRF), or a diet containing 0.75% adenine for 3 weeks to induce CRF. NRF rats continued to receive normal diet plus vehicle or normal diet supplemented with 2% (w/w) lanthanum carbonate for 22 weeks. CRF rats received a diet containing 0.1% adenine, with or without 2% (w/w) lanthanum carbonate. Blood and urine biochemistry were assessed, and bone histomorphometry was performed at study completion. Results. Treatment with 0.75% adenine induced severe CRF, as demonstrated by elevated serum creatinine. Hyperphosphataemia, hypocalcaemia, elevated calcium × phosphorus product and secondary hyperparathyroidism were evident in CRF + vehicle animals. Treatment with lanthanum carbonate reduced hyperphosphataemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism in CRF animals (P < 0.05), and had little effect in NRF animals. Bone histomorphometry revealed a severe form of bone disease with fibrosis in CRF + vehicle animals; lanthanum carbonate treatment reduced the severity of the bone abnormalities observed, particularly woven bone formation and fibrosis. Conclusions. Long-term treatment with lanthanum carbonate reduced the biochemical and bone abnormalities of CKD–MBD in a rat model of CRF.
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Feyerabend F, Siemers C, Willumeit R, Rösler J. Cytocompatibility of a free machining titanium alloy containing lanthanum. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90:931-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Persy VP, Behets GJ, De Broe ME, D'Haese PC. Management of hyperphosphatemia in patients with end-stage renal disease: focus on lanthanum carbonate. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2009; 2:1-8. [PMID: 21694915 PMCID: PMC3108761 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum phosphate levels as a consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk observed in dialysis patients. Protein restriction and dialysis fail to adequately prevent hyperphosphatemia, and in general treatment with oral phosphate binding agents is necessary in patients with advanced CKD. Phosphate plays a pivotal role in the development of vascular calcification, one of the factors contributing to increased cardiovascular risk in CKD patients. Treatment of hyperphosphatemia with standard calcium-based phosphate binders and vitamin D compounds can induce hypercalcemic episodes, increase the Ca × PO4 product and thus add to the risk of ectopic mineralization. In this review, recent clinical as well as experimental data on lanthanum carbonate, a novel, non-calcium, non-resin phosphate binding agent are summarized. Although lanthanum is a metal cation no aluminium-like toxicity is observed since the bioavailability of lanthanum is extremely low and its metabolism differs from that of aluminium. Clinical studies now document the absence of toxic effects of lanthanum for up to 6 years of follow-up. The effects of lanthanum on bone, vasculature and brain are discussed and put in perspective with lanthanum pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle P Persy
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Bervoets AR, Behets GJ, Schryvers D, Roels F, Yang Z, Verberckmoes SC, Damment SJ, Dauwe S, Mubiana VK, Blust R, De Broe ME, D'Haese PC. Hepatocellular transport and gastrointestinal absorption of lanthanum in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 2009; 75:389-98. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barton Pai A, Conner TA, McQuade CR. Therapeutic use of the phosphate binder lanthanum carbonate. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008; 5:71-81. [DOI: 10.1517/17425250802614886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sanchez CP. Mineral metabolism and bone abnormalities in children with chronic renal failure. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2008; 9:131-7. [PMID: 18175221 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-007-9071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in mineral metabolism and changes in skeletal histology may contribute to growth impairment in children with chronic renal failure. Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, metabolic acidosis, alterations in vitamin D and IGF synthesis and parathyroid gland dysfunction play significant roles in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and subsequently, bone disease in renal failure. The recent KDIGO conference has made recommendations to consider this as a systemic disorder (chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder) and to standardize bone histomorphometry to include bone turnover, mineralization and volume (TMV). The use of DXA to assess bone mass is controversial in children with chronic renal failure. Questions arise regarding the accuracy of bone measurements and difficulty in data interpretation especially in children with renal failure who are not only growth retarded but often have pubertal delay and osteosclerosis. The validity and feasibility of new modalities of skeletal imaging which can detect changes in both trabecular and cortical bone are currently being investigated in children. The management of mineral abnormalities and bone disease in chronic renal failure is multifactorial. To manage hyperphosphatemia, dietary phosphate restriction accompanied by intake of calcium-free and metal-free phosphate binding agents are widely utilized. Vitamin D analogs remain the primary therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism, although the use of the less hypercalcemic agents is preferred due to concerns of calciphylaxis and vascular calcification. Future clinical studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of calcimimetic agents and bisphosphonate therapy in children with chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl P Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Covic A, Gusbeth-Tatomir P, Goldsmith DJA. VASCULAR CALCIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DISEASE: Vascular Calcification-A New Window on the Cardiovascular System: Role of Agents Used to Manipulate Skeletal Integrity. Semin Dial 2007; 20:158-69. [PMID: 17374091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2007.00265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, "Dr. C. I. Parhon" University Hospital, Iasi, Romania.
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