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Bristow SM, Bolland MJ, Gamble GD, Leung W, Reid IR. Dietary calcium intake and change in bone mineral density in older adults: a systematic review of longitudinal cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:196-205. [PMID: 34131304 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many older adults do not achieve recommended intakes of calcium and there is some concern over the potential impact of this on bone health. The objective of this review was to examine evidence from cohort studies on the relationship between calcium intake and change in bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults, something not undertaken in the last two decades. Data sources included Ovid Medline, Embase, and PubMed and references from retrieved reviews and articles. The final search was performed in February 2021. We included cohort studies of calcium intake in participants aged >50 years with change in BMD over ≥1 year as an outcome. We identified 23 studies of women and 7 of men. Most studies found no association between calcium intake and change in BMD in women (71%) or men (71%). Among women, five studies reported high rates (>30% of participants) of hormone treatment or osteoporosis therapy (HT/OT) use; 80% of these studies reported a positive association between calcium intake and change in BMD, compared with 10% of studies in which HT/OT use was low. No study in women in which the mean age was >60 years reported a positive association between calcium intake and change in BMD. We conclude that calcium intake across the ranges consumed in these studies (mean intake in all but one study >500 mg/day) is not an important determinant of bone loss, particularly among women >60 years. The positive findings in studies with high rates of HT/OT use are likely to arise from confounding as a result of co-administration of calcium supplements with these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bristow
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark J Bolland
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Greg D Gamble
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William Leung
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian R Reid
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Wang G, Cao Y, Wu T, Duan C, Wu J, Hu J, Lu H. Genetic factors of cervical spondylotic myelopathy-a systemic review. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 44:89-94. [PMID: 28734792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a degenerative disorder of the neck. Recent studies have reported the roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms and abnormal gene expression in the etiology and development of CSM. However, a systemic review of these findings is currently unavailable. METHODS A systemic review of genetic factors of CSM was conducted through searching PubMed and EMbase databases. A total of 9 studies were included in this study, which included 8 genes: brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), osteopontin (OPN), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) 4, collagen IX, vitamin D receptor (VDR), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIF-1α), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). RESULTS The polymorphisms of 6 genes (OPN, BMP-4, collagen IX, VDR, HIF-1α) showed significant association with the susceptibility to or risk of CSM. The polymorphisms of 3 genes (BMP-4, ApoE4, HIF-1α) were significantly associated with the postoperative outcome. The polymorphism of BDNF, VDR, and expression of COX-2 were associated with the severity of disease. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates that 8 genes were associated with CSM although there is no repeated study. This review also suggests that large scale and high quality studies are needed to provide more reliable evidence for future evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, People's Republic of China; Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhuang Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sport Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Zawilla NH, Darweesh H, Mansour N, Helal S, Taha FM, Awadallah M, El Shazly R. Matrix metalloproteinase-3, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and occupational risk factors in lumbar disc degeneration. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2014; 24:370-381. [PMID: 23975061 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-013-9472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is a process that begins early in life, contributing to the development of low back pain. LDD is a consequence of a variety of factors, and its etiology remains poorly understood. Objectives to investigate occupational and genetic risk factors inducing lumbar disc degeneration, and to evaluate the possible association of genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) with the severity of LDD in an Egyptian population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A case control study involving 84 LDD and 60 controls was carried out. Five types of work related factors were investigated by questionnaire, complete neurological examination for all subjects and MRI for the cases. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were applied to detect polymorphisms in MMP-3 Promoter (-1,171 6A/5A) (rs 731236) and VDR-Apa (rs 35068180). RESULTS We found that family history, back injury, smoking, high level of sitting, bending/twisting, physical workload, lifting, whole body vibration, mutant allele 5A of MMP-3 and mutant allele T of VDR were significantly associated with LDD (OR = 2.9, 3.1, 2.1, 11.1, 15.9, 11.7, 8.2, 12.6, 2.5 and 3.1 respectively, p < 0.05). Cases that carry allele 5A and/or allele T were associated with LDD severity. CONCLUSION LDD is closely associated in occurrence and severity with occupational, environmental risk factors and susceptibility genes namely MMP-3, and VDR (ApaI). This study throws light on the importance of screening for early detection of susceptible individuals and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Zawilla
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt,
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Nieves JW, Cosman F, Grubert E, Ambrose B, Ralston SH, Lindsay R. Skeletal effects of vitamin D supplementation in postmenopausal black women. Calcif Tissue Int 2012; 91:316-24. [PMID: 22923289 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-012-9638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Black women have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels than white peers but lower bone turnover, suggesting skeletal resistance to PTH. Our objective was to determine if vitamin D supplementation (1,000 IU/day) would prevent bone loss and whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms modify the response. We performed a 2-year randomized, controlled, double-blind study of 1,000 IU vitamin D(3) vs. placebo in postmenopausal black women with serum 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL (n = 103). Measurements of 25(OH)D, PTH, and bone turnover were evaluated at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and genotyping was conducted using standard techniques. Spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at baseline and every 6 months. Serum 25(OH)D increased 11 ng/mL with vitamin D supplementation (p < 0.001), with no change in the placebo group. Vitamin D supplementation produced a significant decline in PTH at 3 months only, with no differences in bone turnover between placebo and vitamin D at any time point. Two-year changes in BMD were not significantly different between placebo- and vitamin D-treated black women at any skeletal site. Despite similar elevations in 25(OH)D, femoral neck BMD was only responsive to vitamin D supplementation in FF subjects (n = 47), not Ff/ff subjects (n = 31). Vitamin D supplementation does not appear to influence bone loss in black women. However, in the FF polymorphism of the VDR gene group, vitamin D supplementation may retard the higher rate of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Nieves
- Clinical Research and Regional Bone Centres, Helen Hayes Hospital, Route 9W, West Haverstraw, NY 10993, USA.
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The genetic association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and cervical spondylotic myelopathy in Chinese subjects. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:794-7. [PMID: 20144597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 01/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms to the lumbar degenerative disc disease has been previously studied; however, the role of VDR gene polymorphisms in cervical spondylosis remains unknown. METHODS One hundred fifty four patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and 156 controls were enrolled. The clinical characteristics were collected and the severity of cervical spondylotic myelopathy was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The VDR polymorphism genotyping was performed. RESULTS No significant difference in clinical characteristics was noted between the case and controls. For ApaI polymorphism, the cases had a marked higher prevalence of AA genotype (19.5% vs. 8.3%, P=0.003) and A allele frequencies (34.4% vs. 22.4%, P<0.001) than controls. For TaqI polymorphism, the cases had a significant higher prevalence of TT genotype (67.5 vs. 44.2%, P<0.001) and T allele frequencies (76.9% vs. 54.2%, P<0.001) than controls. The odds ratio for CSM was 2.88 for the ApaI A allele carriers and 4.67 for the TaqI T allele carriers. The TaqI genotypes, both TT and TC showed a markedly higher MRI severity grading level than CC genotype (both P<0.01, compared with CC genotype). CONCLUSION Certain VDR polymorphism is related in the presence and severity of CSM in Chinese subjects.
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Gennari L, Merlotti D, De Paola V, Martini G, Nuti R. Update on the pharmacogenetics of the vitamin D receptor and osteoporosis. Pharmacogenomics 2009; 10:417-33. [PMID: 19290791 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.10.3.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and calcium are essential for normal skeletal growth and for maintaining the mechanical and structural integrity of the skeleton. Reduced intake of calcium and vitamin D may be associated with reduced bone mass and osteoporosis while a chronic and severe vitamin D deficiency may lead to osteomalacia. Given the importance of vitamin D in bone homeostasis, common polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene were the first to be investigated as possible determinants of bone mass and fracture risk. Even though results are still conflicting and the molecular mechanisms by which these polymorphisms influence receptor activity remain in part to be investigated, an additional important issue is represented by their potential pharmacogenomic and pharmacogenetic implications. This review analyzes major pharmacogenetic studies of polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gennari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences & Biochemistry, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Wei MY, Garland CF, Gorham ED, Mohr SB, Giovannucci E. Vitamin D and prevention of colorectal adenoma: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 17:2958-69. [PMID: 18990737 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D status is associated inversely with risk of colorectal cancer, but the association with adenoma risk is less clear. This meta-analysis examined the overall relationship between circulating (plasma or serum) 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamin D intake (dietary, supplemental, or total), and colorectal adenoma incidence in published studies. METHODS A meta-analysis composed of 17 epidemiologic studies [1 cross-sectional, 9 case-control, and 7 cohort or nested case-control studies; 7 on 25(OH)D and 12 on vitamin D intake] published before December 2007 was done to examine the association between circulating 25(OH)D, vitamin D intake, and colorectal adenomas. Summary Peto odds ratios (OR) were computed for overall and stratified analyses. RESULTS Circulating 25(OH)D was inversely associated with risk of colorectal adenomas: the OR was 0.70 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.56-0.87] for high versus low circulating 25(OH)D. The highest quintile of vitamin D intake was associated with an 11% marginally decreased risk of colorectal adenomas compared with low vitamin D intake (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.78-1.02). For recurrent adenomas, there was a decreased risk of 12% (95% CI, 0.72-1.07) among individuals with high versus low vitamin D intake. The inverse associations appeared stronger for advanced adenoma [OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45-0.90 for serum 25(OH)D and OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95 for vitamin D intake], but the number of studies was small. CONCLUSIONS Both circulating 25(OH)D and vitamin D intake were inversely associated with colorectal adenoma incidence and recurrent adenomas. These results further support a role of vitamin D in prevention of colorectal adenoma incidence and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Y Wei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Parathyroids, bone and mineral metabolism. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2007; 14:494-501. [PMID: 17982358 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282f315ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Heaney RP. Re: "The positive effect of dietary vitamin D intake on bone mineral density in men is modulated by the polyadenosine repeat polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor" by Michaëlsson et al. Bone 2007; 40:1669; author reply 1670. [PMID: 17383948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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