1
|
Jia Q, Che Q, Zhang X, Chen J, Ren C, Wu Y, Liang W, Zhang X, Li Y, Li Z, Zhang Z, Shu Q. Knockdown of Galectin-9 alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through suppressing TNF-α-induced activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115994. [PMID: 38141929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of Galectin-9 (Gal-9) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of Gal-9 in RA. We detected Gal-9 expression in clinical samples, explored the mechanism of function of Gal-9 by knockdown and overexpression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), and further verified it in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. We found that the levels of Gal-9 were considerably elevated in RA synovium than in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. A substantial decrease of Gal-9 was demonstrated after tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) inhibitor treatment in the plasma of patients with RA. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing revealed that Gal-9 was involved in the regulation of the TNF-α pathway. Gal-9 was considerably upregulated after TNF-α stimulation in FLSs, and knockdown of Gal-9 substantially inhibited TNF-α activated proliferation, migration and inflammatory response. According to cell transcriptome sequencing results, we further confirmed that Gal-9 could achieve these effects by interacting with MAFB and affecting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Finally, we knocked down Gal-9 on the CIA model and found that it could alleviate the progression of arthritis. In conclusion, our study revealed that the knockdown of Gal-9 could inhibited TNF-α induced activation in RA through MAFB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jia
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China; Department of Rheumatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Linyi, China
| | - Qincheng Che
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China
| | - Chunfeng Ren
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Yunpeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weiqiang Liang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China
| | - Yanshan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China; Department of Rheumatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Linyi, China
| | - Zunzhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China; Department of Rheumatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Linyi, China
| | - Zhenchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China; Department of Rheumatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Linyi, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A Case of COVID-19 with Acute Exacerbation after Anti-Inflammatory Treatment. REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/reports5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A COVID-19 patient (53-year-old woman from Japan) was admitted to our hospital. She had a high fever (38.3 °C), cough, fatigue, and loss of appetite. She was a smoker and took migraine medication. A thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan showed no evidence of pneumonia. She was treated with antibiotics, protease inhibitors, inhalant corticosteroids, and antivirals. Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab (TCZ 400 mg) was added on day 2. On day 4, her temperature decreased, but her vital signs suddenly worsened, with an SpO2 of 70% in ambient air, a blood pressure of 70 mmHg (systolic), loss of consciousness, and tachypnea. Her CT showed bilateral lung consolidation and no pulmonary embolism. She was connected to the ventilator. On day 11, her respiratory condition improved (PaO2/FIO2 400), and she was able to withdraw from the ventilator. Her laboratory data (white cell count, ferritin, d-Dimer, C-reactive protein, and β2-microglobulin) did not increase even at the time of exacerbation, except for Galectin-9 (Gal-9). The plasma Gal-9 levels increased 2.3 times from before the administration of TCZ, followed by a swift decrease associated with improvements in respiratory status. She was discharged on day 16. Patients with TCZ-treated COVID-19 require careful observation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye C, Chen J, Qu Y, Qi H, Wang Q, Yang Z, Wu A, Wang F, Li P. Naringin in the repair of knee cartilage injury via the TGF-β/ALK5/Smad2/3 signal transduction pathway combined with an acellular dermal matrix. J Orthop Translat 2022; 32:1-11. [PMID: 35591936 PMCID: PMC9072805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- Orthopedics Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Preventive Treatment of Disease Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Orthopedics Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Qi
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfu Wang
- Orthopedics Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Orthopedics Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Orthopedics Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. Orthopedics Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 5 Haiyuncang Street, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moar P, Tandon R. Galectin-9 as a biomarker of disease severity. Cell Immunol 2021; 361:104287. [PMID: 33494007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside binding lectin known for its immunomodulatory role in various microbial infections. Gal-9 is expressed in all organ systems and localized in the nucleus, cell surface, cytoplasm and the extracellular matrix. It mediates host-pathogen interactions and regulates cell signalling via binding to its receptors. Gal-9 is involved in many physiological functions such as cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, communication and death. However, recent studies have emphasized on the elevated levels of Gal-9 in autoimmune disorders, viral infections, parasitic invasion, cancer, acute liver failure, atopic dermatitis, chronic kidney disease, type-2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and benign infertility-related gynecological disorders. In this paper we have reviewed the potential of Gal-9 as a reliable, sensitive and non-invasive biomarker of disease severity. Tracking changes in Gal-9 levels and its implementation as a biomarker in clinical practice will be an important tool to monitor disease activity and facilitate personalized treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Moar
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tazhitdinova R, Timoshenko AV. The Emerging Role of Galectins and O-GlcNAc Homeostasis in Processes of Cellular Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081792. [PMID: 32731422 PMCID: PMC7465113 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins with diverse glycan-dependent and glycan-independent functions outside and inside the cell. Human cells express twelve out of sixteen recognized mammalian galectin genes and their expression profiles are very different between cell types and tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the changes in the expression of individual galectins at mRNA and protein levels in different types of differentiating cells and the effects of recombinant galectins on cellular differentiation. A new model of galectin regulation is proposed considering the change in O-GlcNAc homeostasis between progenitor/stem cells and mature differentiated cells. The recognition of galectins as regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and self-renewal is essential for developmental and cancer biology to develop innovative strategies for prevention and targeted treatment of proliferative diseases, tissue regeneration, and stem-cell therapy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu S, Liu F, Zhou Y, Jin B, Sun Q, Guo S. Immunosuppressive Property of MSCs Mediated by Cell Surface Receptors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1076. [PMID: 32849489 PMCID: PMC7399134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) tend to exhibit inherent tropism for refractory inflammatory diseases and engineered MSCs have appeared on the market as therapeutic agents. Recently, engineered MSCs target to cell surface molecules on immune cells has been a new strategy to improve MSC applications. In this review, we discuss the roles of multiple receptors (ICAM-1, Gal-9, PD-L1, TIGIT, CD200, and CXCR4) in the process of MSCs' immunosuppressive properties. Furthermore, we discuss the principles and strategies for developing receptor-regulated MSCs and their mechanisms of action and the challenges of using MSCs as immunosuppressive therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baeku Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Frizziero A, Fini M. Role and translational implication of galectins in arthritis pathophysiology and treatment: A systematic literature review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1588-1605. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovation and Advanced Therapy, Rizzoli RIT Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy
| | - Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovation and Advanced Therapy, Rizzoli RIT Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy
| | - Antonio Frizziero
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nio-Kobayashi J. Histological Mapping and Subtype-Specific Functions of Galectins in Health and Disease. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1737.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nio-Kobayashi J. Histological Mapping and Subtype-Specific Functions of Galectins in Health and Disease. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1737.1sj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Galectins is a family of non-classically secreted, beta-galactoside-binding proteins that has recently received considerable attention in the spatio-temporal regulation of surface 'signal lattice' organization, membrane dynamics, cell-adhesion and disease therapeutics. Galectin-9 is a unique member of this family, with two non-homologous carbohydrate recognition domains joined by a linker peptide sequence of variable lengths, generating isoforms with distinct properties and functions in both physiological and pathological settings, such as during development, immune reaction, neoplastic transformations and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on the structure, receptors, cellular targets, trafficking pathways and functional properties of galectin-9 and discuss how galectin-9-mediated signalling cascades can be exploited in cancers and immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian John
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Division of Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Restuccia A, Tian YF, Collier JH, Hudalla GA. Self-assembled glycopeptide nanofibers as modulators of galectin-1 bioactivity. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015; 8:471-487. [PMID: 26495044 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that act as extracellular signaling molecules in various normal and pathological processes. Galectin bioactivity is mediated by specific non-covalent interactions with cell-surface and extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins, which can enhance or inhibit signaling events that influence various cellular behaviors, including adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, we developed a materials approach to modulate galectin bioactivity by mimicking natural galectin-glycoprotein interactions. Specifically, we created a variant of a peptide that self-assembles into β-sheet nanofibers under aqueous conditions, QQKFQFQFEQQ (Q11), which has an asparagine residue modified with the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) at its N-terminus (GlcNAc-Q11). GlcNAc-Q11 self-assembled into β-sheet nanofibers under similar conditions as Q11. Nanofibrillar GlcNAc moieties were efficiently converted to the galectin-binding disaccharide N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) via the enzyme β-1,4-galactosyltransferase and the sugar donor UDP-galactose, while retaining β-sheet structure and nanofiber morphology. LacNAc-Q11 nanofibers bound galectin-1 and -3 in a LacNAc concentration-dependent manner, although nanofibers bound galectin-1 with higher affinity than galectin-3. In contrast, galectin-1 bound weakly to GlcNAc-Q11 nanofibers, while no galectin-3 binding to these nanofibers was observed. Galectin-1 binding to LacNAc-Q11 nanofibers was specific because it could be inhibited by excess soluble β-lactose, a galectin-binding carbohydrate. LacNAc-Q11 nanofibers inhibited galectin-1-mediated apoptosis of Jurkat T cells in a LacNAc concentration-dependent manner, but were unable to inhibit galectin-3 activity, consistent with galectin-binding affinity of the nanofibers. We envision that glycopeptide nanofibers capable of modulating galectin-1 bioactivity will be broadly useful as biomaterials for various medical applications, including cancer therapeutics, immunotherapy, tissue regeneration, and viral prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ye F Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology
| | | | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering. ; Department of Surgery, University of Chicago
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Z, Elsayed AK, Shi Q, Zhang Y, Zuo Q, Li D, Lian C, Tang B, Xiao T, Xu Q, Chang G, Chen G, Zhang L, Wang K, Wang Y, Jin K, Wang Y, Song J, Cui H, Li B. Crucial genes and pathways in chicken germ stem cell differentiation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13605-21. [PMID: 25847247 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.601401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Male germ cell differentiation is a subtle and complex regulatory process. Currently, its regulatory mechanism is still not fully understood. In our experiment, we performed the first comprehensive genome and transcriptome-wide analyses of the crucial genes and signaling pathways in three kinds of crucial cells (embryonic stem cells, primordial germ cell, and spermatogonial stem cells) that are associated with the male germ cell differentiation. We identified thousands of differentially expressed genes in this process, and from these we chose 173 candidate genes, of which 98 genes were involved in cell differentiation, 19 were involved in the metabolic process, and 56 were involved in the differentiation and metabolic processes, like GAL9, AMH, PLK1, and PSMD7 and so on. In addition, we found that 18 key signaling pathways were involved mainly in cell proliferation, differentiation, and signal transduction processes like TGF-β, Notch, and Jak-STAT. Further exploration found that the candidate gene expression patterns were the same between in vitro induction experiments and transcriptome results. Our results yield clues to the mechanistic basis of male germ cell differentiation and provide an important reference for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Zhang
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Ahmed Kamel Elsayed
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China, the Anatomy and Embryology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Qingqing Shi
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China,
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Chao Lian
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Tang
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianrong Xiao
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Xu
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Kehua Wang
- the Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Kai Jin
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- the Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, and
| | - Hengmi Cui
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China
| | - Bichun Li
- From the College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arikawa T, Simamura E, Shimada H, Nakamura T, Hatta T, Shoji H. Significance of sugar chain recognition by galectins and its involvement in disease-associated glycosylation. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2014; 54:77-81. [PMID: 24450300 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding lectins that participate in a wide range of biological processes. Galectins are distributed both inside and outside cells and are believed to have roles in both intra- and extracellular milieus. One of the well-recognized functions of galectins is stabilization of glycoproteins on the cell surface, thereby promoting stable signal transduction and transport of substances such as glucose. Glycoprotein-associated diseases, including congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG, previously called carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome), comprise a disease family established only in the last decade. Although numerous in vitro glycobiology studies have been performed, including investigation of glycan-galectin interactions and of galectin action in cultured cells, a few in vivo studies have investigated molecular mechanisms of galectin actions in animal models. Both in vitro and in vivo studies are needed in order to better determine the biological significance of sugar chain recognition. Hitherto, some reports have focused on the role of impaired sugar chain recognition and galectin function in the development of diverse diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, colitis, and cancer. We recently focused on the function of galectins in immunity and embryogenesis, and in this review we summarize the diseases related to disorders of sugar chain-galectin interaction and discuss the role of galectins as potential risk factors for some congenital and acquired diseases. These diseases are disorders of immunity, metabolism, and cell differentiation. This approach to understanding the significance of sugar chain recognition by galectins may open up a new field into the nature of glycoprotein-related diseases, including CDG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Arikawa
- Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Konttinen YT, Kaivosoja E, Stegaev V, Wagner HD, Levón J, Tiainen VM, Mackiewicz Z. Extracellular Matrix and Tissue Regeneration. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
15
|
|
16
|
Defining the earliest transcriptional steps of chondrogenic progenitor specification during the formation of the digits in the embryonic limb. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24546. [PMID: 21931747 PMCID: PMC3172225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of genes involved in the formation of cartilage is of key importance to improve cell-based cartilage regenerative therapies. Here, we have developed a suitable experimental model to identify precocious chondrogenic events in vivo by inducing an ectopic digit in the developing embryo. In this model, only 12 hr after the implantation of a Tgfβ bead, in the absence of increased cell proliferation, cartilage forms in undifferentiated interdigital mesoderm and in the course of development, becomes a structurally and morphologically normal digit. Systematic quantitative PCR expression analysis, together with other experimental approaches allowed us to establish 3 successive periods preceding the formation of cartilage. The “pre-condensation stage”, occurring within the first 3 hr of treatment, is characterized by the activation of connective tissue identity transcriptional factors (such as Sox9 and Scleraxis) and secreted factors (such as Activin A and the matricellular proteins CCN-1 and CCN-2) and the downregulation of the galectin CG-8. Next, the “condensation stage” is characterized by intense activation of Smad 1/5/8 BMP-signaling and increased expression of extracellular matrix components. During this period, the CCN matricellular proteins promote the expression of extracellular matrix and cell adhesion components. The third period, designated the “pre-cartilage period”, precedes the formation of molecularly identifiable cartilage by 2–3 hr and is characterized by the intensification of Sox 9 gene expression, along with the stimulation of other pro-chondrogenic transcription factors, such as HifIa. In summary, this work establishes a temporal hierarchy in the regulation of pro-chondrogenic genes preceding cartilage differentiation and provides new insights into the relative roles of secreted factors and cytoskeletal regulators that direct the first steps of this process in vivo.
Collapse
|
17
|
Detzel CJ, Van Wie BJ. Use of a centrifugal bioreactor for cartilaginous tissue formation from isolated chondrocytes. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:451-9. [PMID: 21290617 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although a centrifugal bioreactor (CCBR) supports high-density mammalian suspension cell cultures by balancing drag, buoyancy, and centrifugal forces, to date anchorage-dependent cultures have not been tried. Also, steady or intermittent hydrostatic pressures of 8 to 500 kPa, and shears of 0.02 to 1.4 N/m(2) can be simultaneously applied in the CCBR. This article demonstrates the use of a CCBR to stimulate chondrogenesis in a high-density culture. At 3 weeks, histological results show even distribution of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen, with 1,890 ± 270 cells/mm(2) cell densities that exceed those of 1,470 ± 270 in pellet cultures. Analysis of collagen content reveals similar levels for all treatment groups; 6.8 ± 3.5 and 5.0 ± 0.4 μg collagen/μg DNA for 0.07 and 0.26 MPa CCBR cultures, respectively, in contrast to 6.6 ± 1.9 values for control pellet cultures. GAG levels of 5.6 ± 1.5 and 4.1 ± 0.9 μg GAG /μg DNA are present for cultures stressed at 0.07 and 0.26 MPa, respectively, in comparison to control pellet cultures at the 8.4 ± 0.9 level. Although results to date have not revealed mechanical stress combinations that stimulate chondrogenesis over unstressed controls, system advantages include continuous culture at cell densities above those in the pellet, precise medium control, the ability to independently vary multiple mechanical stresses over a broad range, and the flexibility for integration of scaffold features for future chondrogenesis stimulation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Detzel
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, P.O. Box 642710, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Galectin-9 ameliorates immune complex-induced arthritis by regulating Fc gamma R expression on macrophages. Clin Immunol 2009; 133:382-92. [PMID: 19800850 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 up-regulated Fc gamma RIIb expression of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro but down-regulated Fc gamma RIII expression. Galectin-9-treated macrophages stimulated with immune complexes (IC) produced less TNFalpha and IL-1 beta but more IL-10 than PBS-treated macrophages. Macrophage enhancing effects on IC-induced C5a and neutrophil chemotactic activity were also diminished for galectin-9-treated macrophages. In galectin-9-treated mice, the severity of IC-induced arthritis was reduced, as were pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in inflamed joints and serum C5a. Fc gamma RIIb expression of macrophages from galectin-9-treated mice was up-regulated, whereas Fc gamma RIII expression was down-regulated. Macrophages from galectin-9-treated mice produced less TNFalpha and IL-1 beta but more IL-10 than PBS-treated mice. Disease severity of galectin-9-transgenic mice was milder than wild-type mice, whereas that of galectin-9-deficient mice was exaggerated. Furthermore, macrophage Fc gamma RIIb expression in galectin-9-deficient mice was down-regulated, while Fc gamma RIII expression was up-regulated. These results suggest that galectin-9 suppresses IC-induced inflammation partly by regulating Fc gamma R expression on macrophages.
Collapse
|