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Tomczyk-Warunek A, Turżańska K, Posturzyńska A, Kowal F, Blicharski T, Pano IT, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Nikodem A, Dresler S, Sowa I, Wójciak M, Dobrowolski P. Influence of Various Strontium Formulations (Ranelate, Citrate, and Chloride) on Bone Mineral Density, Morphology, and Microarchitecture: A Comparative Study in an Ovariectomized Female Mouse Model of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4075. [PMID: 38612883 PMCID: PMC11012416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis stands out as a prevalent skeletal ailment, prompting exploration into potential treatments, including dietary strontium ion supplements. This study assessed the efficacy of supplementation of three strontium forms-strontium citrate (SrC), strontium ranelate (SrR), and strontium chloride (SrCl)-for enhancing bone structure in 50 female SWISS mice, aged seven weeks. In total, 40 mice underwent ovariectomy, while 10 underwent sham ovariectomy. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: OVX (no supplementation), OVX + SrR, OVX + SrC, and OVX + SrCl, at concentrations equivalent to the molar amount of strontium. After 16 weeks, micro-CT examined trabeculae and cortical bones, and whole-bone strontium content was determined. Results confirm strontium administration increased bone tissue mineral density (TMD) and Sr content, with SrC exhibiting the weakest effect. Femur morphometry showed limited Sr impact, especially in the OVX + SrC group. This research highlights strontium's potential in bone health, emphasizing variations in efficacy among its forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tomczyk-Warunek
- Laboratory of Locomotor Systems Research, Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Turżańska
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (F.K.); (T.B.); (I.T.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Posturzyńska
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (F.K.); (T.B.); (I.T.P.)
| | - Filip Kowal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (F.K.); (T.B.); (I.T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Blicharski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (F.K.); (T.B.); (I.T.P.)
| | - Inés Torné Pano
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (F.K.); (T.B.); (I.T.P.)
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Nutrition Physiology, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Nikodem
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.D.); (I.S.); (M.W.)
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.D.); (I.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.D.); (I.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
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Ru X, Yang L, Shen G, Wang K, Xu Z, Bian W, Zhu W, Guo Y. Microelement strontium and human health: comprehensive analysis of the role in inflammation and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Front Chem 2024; 12:1367395. [PMID: 38606081 PMCID: PMC11007224 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1367395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Strontium (Sr), a trace element with a long history and a significant presence in the Earth's crust, plays a critical yet often overlooked role in various biological processes affecting human health. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted implications of Sr, especially in the context of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Sr is predominantly acquired through diet and water and has shown promise as a clinical marker for calcium absorption studies. It contributes to the mitigation of several NCDs by inhibiting oxidative stress, showcasing antioxidant properties, and suppressing inflammatory cytokines. The review delves deep into the mechanisms through which Sr interacts with human physiology, emphasizing its uptake, metabolism, and potential to prevent chronic conditions. Despite its apparent benefits in managing bone fractures, hypertension, and diabetes, current research on Sr's role in human health is not exhaustive. The review underscores the need for more comprehensive studies to solidify Sr's beneficial associations and address the gaps in understanding Sr intake and its optimal levels for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ru
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lida Yang
- College of Nursing, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Guohui Shen
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Kunzhen Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Bian
- Zibo Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shandong, China
- Digital Agriculture and Rural Research Institute of CAAS (Zibo), Shandong, China
| | - Wenqi Zhu
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhi Guo
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Micsa M, Ha D, Da Silva E. Long-term stability of hydroxyapatite bone phantoms for the calibration of in vivox-ray fluorescence spectrometry-based systems of bone lead and strontium quantification. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 10:015001. [PMID: 37917996 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad08db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) phantoms have been proposed as an alternative to plaster of Paris (poP) phantoms for the calibration of x-ray fluorescence-based systems for thein vivoquantification of bone lead and strontium which employ a coherent normalization procedure. The chemical composition of the material becomes critical in the calculation, or omission, of the coherent correction factor (CCF) required in this normalization procedure. This study evaluated the long-term chemical stability of HAp phantoms. Phantoms were prepared and allowed to age for a two week period and over a seven year period in ambient conditions. The chemical composition of the phantoms was then assessed by powder x-ray diffraction. Two week old phantoms were found to be composed of HAp with only a small amount of contamination from CaHPO4·2H2O. Seven year old phantoms were found to have converted nearly completely to a carbonate-bearing apatite in the form of Ca10(PO4)6(CO3)0.75(OH)0.5indicating that the HAp phantom material likely reacts with carbon dioxide in air over time forming a carbonate-bearing apatite. The influence of this chemical conversion was assessed at the level of relevant cross-sections. Calibration under the assumption that the material is HAp when in fact it is a carbonate-bearing apatite would result in not more than a 0.2%-2% bias in the total mass attenuation coefficient within the photon energy range of 0-100 keV. Differential scattering cross-section for coherent scattering was found to differ between HAp and carbonate-bearing apatite by 0.9%-2% for both a 35.5 keV and 88.0 keVγ-ray. This variation in the differential scattering cross-section for coherent scattering may introduce a ca. 2% bias in the CCF used within the coherent normalization-based calibration procedure. Using HAp phantoms as calibrators thus requires acknowledgement of this conversion in chemical form and possible introduction of uncertainty into the calibration procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Micsa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Ha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Da Silva
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, Ontario, Canada
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Bazin D, Foy E, Reguer S, Rouzière S, Fayard B, Colboc H, Haymann JP, Daudon M, Mocuta C. The crucial contribution of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in medicine. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Liu XC, Skibsted LH. Strontium increasing calcium accessibility from calcium citrate. Food Chem 2021; 367:130674. [PMID: 34343801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Strontium chloride added to aqueous suspensions of metastable calcium citrate tetrahydrate increased calcium ion activity measured electrochemically without transition of metastable tetrahydrate to stable calcium citrate hexahydrate as shown by DSC. Calcium activity increase was explained by lower solubility of strontium citrate pentahydrate formed (8.9 × 10-4 M at 25 °C) increasing with temperature compared to calcium citrate tetrahydrate (1.6 × 10-3 M) decreasing with temperature. Strontium binding to citrate was found endothermic, ΔH0 = 45 kJ∙mol-1 at 25 °C, while calcium binding shows variation from ΔH0 = 94 kJ∙mol-1 at 10 °C becoming exothermic above physiological temperature with ΔH0 = -9 kJ∙mol-1 at 45 °C as determined from temperature and concentration variation in electric conductivity. These differences in solution thermodynamics and pH effect on complex formation between calcium and strontium citrate are discussed in relation to biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Liu
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Leif H Skibsted
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Gräfe JL, Santos C, Pejović-Milić A. Dosimetry of a portable in vivo x-ray fluorescence system using EBT3 radiochromic film. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2019; 39:1031-1040. [PMID: 31307016 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo x-ray fluorescence is a non-invasive analytical technique for determining trace and toxic element exposures. In this work we measure the dose for a portable handheld x-ray system (pXRF). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used EBT3 radiochromic film calibrated with a clinical orthovoltage unit for absolute dose measurement. Films were placed on a human phantom and irradiated with the Tracer III-SD pXRF at tube potentials of 40 and 45 kVp with various levels of filtration. RESULTS Using settings that result in the best detection limits, the highest absorbed point dose to the skin was 0.3 Gy, the equivalent dose to a 1 cm2 area was 54 mSv, and the whole-body effective dose was less than 1 μSv for a standard 3-min in vivo measurement of strontium or lead. Recent work has demonstrated that 1 s and 30 s measurements are feasible for bone strontium measurements, which would lead to significantly lower doses. CONCLUSIONS Our results are in agreement with a previous dosimetry study of another portable x-ray device and indicate that it is safe for in vivo measurements of elements such as strontium and lead, only after appropriate dose validation and with appropriate beam filtration in place.
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Nader MN, Fleming DEB. Assessment of alternative methods for analyzing X-ray fluorescence spectra. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 146:133-138. [PMID: 30771728 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When analyzing characteristic peaks in X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra, the peak area is the value most often used to quantify peak size. However, some studies have reported the amplitude of the peak instead of the area. When the width of the peak is allowed to vary from trial to trial in order to provide the best possible fit to the data, these two alternative methods can yield slightly different results. In the current study, these two approaches to peak analysis are compared for data obtained from bone reference materials having certified lead concentrations of 1.09 ± 0.03 μg/g, 16.1 ± 0.3 μg/g, 13.2 ± 0.3 μg/g, and 31.5 ± 0.7 μg/g. Measurements were made with an Olympus Innov-X Delta Premium portable XRF system. Using both the area and amplitude methods, lines of best fit were constructed for the lead Lα and lead Lβ signals as a function of lead concentration. Additionally, coefficients of variation were calculated for each reference material and condition of analysis. To assess possible variations over time, the procedure was performed at two points separated by about one year. The amplitude and area methods were found to produce results which were consistent and proportional. Using either method, lead XRF signal plotted as a function of known lead concentration produced adjusted r2 values of ∼0.99. The amplitude method provided slightly higher adjusted r2 values overall. Coefficients of variation were generally very similar between the two methods, although more pronounced differences emerged from measurements of the lowest concentration reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel N Nader
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, 67 York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - David E B Fleming
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, 67 York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Gräfe JL, McNeill FE. Measurement of gadolinium retention: current status and review from an applied radiation physics perspective. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:06TR01. [PMID: 29893715 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aacc16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article briefly reviews the main measurement techniques for the non-invasive detection of residual gadolinium (Gd) in those exposed to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Approach and Main results: The current status of in vivo Gd measurement is discussed and is put into the context of concerns within the radiology community. The main techniques are based on applied atomic/nuclear medicine utilizing the characteristic atomic and nuclear spectroscopic signature of Gd. The main emission energies are in the 40-200 keV region and require spectroscopic detectors with good energy resolution. The two main techniques, prompt gamma neutron activation analysis and x-ray fluorescence, provide adequate detection limits for in vivo measurement, whilst delivering a low effective radiation dose on the order of a few µSv. SIGNIFICANCE Gadolinium is being detected in measureable quantities in people with healthy renal function who have received FDA approved GBCAs. The applied atomic/nuclear medicine techniques discussed in this review will be useful in determining the significance of this retention, and will help on advising future administration protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Gräfe
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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Jang DH, Da Silva E, Tavakkoli J, Slatkovska L, Cheung AM, Pejović-Milić A. Assessment of the effect of strontium, lead, and aluminum in bone on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and quantitative ultrasound measurements: A phantom study. Med Phys 2017; 45:81-91. [PMID: 29080282 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard technique to measure areal bone mineral density (aBMD) for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Because DXA relies on the attenuation of photon to estimate aBMD, deposition of bone-seeking metallic elements such as strontium, lead, and aluminum that differ in atomic numbers from calcium can cause inaccurate estimation of aBMD. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is another technique available to assess bone health by measuring broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), and an empirically derived quantity called stiffness index (SI). Because the acoustic properties are not prone to significant change due to changes in microscopic atomic composition of bone, it is hypothesized that QUS is unaffected by the presence of bone-seeking elements in the bone. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of strontium, lead, and aluminum on DXA-derived aBMD and QUS parameters using bone-mimicking phantoms compatible with both techniques. METHODS Bone-mimicking phantoms were produced by homogeneously mixing finely powdered hydroxyapatite compounds that contain varying concentrations of strontium, lead, or aluminum with porcine gelatin solution. Seven strontium-substituted phantoms were produced with varying molar ratio of Sr/(Sr + Ca) ranging from 0% to 2%. Four lead-doped phantoms and four aluminum-doped phantoms were constructed with the respective analyte concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 ppm. An additional 0 ppm phantom was produced to be used as a baseline for the lead and aluminum phantom measurements. All phantoms had uniform volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) of 200 mg/cm3 , and were assessed using a Hologic Horizon® DXA device and a Hologic Sahara® QUS device. Furthermore, theoretical aBMD bias for mol/mol% substitution of calcium with the three bone-seeking elements was calculated. RESULTS Strong positive linear relationship was found between aBMD measured by DXA and strontium concentration (P < 0.001, r = 0.995). From the measurement of lead and aluminum phantoms using DXA, no statistically significant relationship was observed between aBMD and the analyte concentrations. For the QUS system, with an exception of BUA and lead concentration that exhibited statistically significant relationship (P < 0.038, r = 0.899), no statistically significant change was observed in all QUS parameters with respect to the clinically relevant concentration of all three elements. The calculated theoretical aBMD bias induced by 1 mol/mol% substitution of calcium with strontium, lead, and aluminum were 10.8%, 4.6%, and -0.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION aBMD measured by DXA was prone to overestimation in the presence of strontium, but acoustic parameters measured by QUS are independent of strontium concentration. The deviation in aBMD induced by the clinically relevant concentrations of lead and aluminum under 200 ppm could not be detected using the Hologic Horizon® DXA device. Furthermore, the SI measured by the QUS system was not affected by lead or aluminum concentrations used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Hyun Jang
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Da Silva
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jahan Tavakkoli
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lubomira Slatkovska
- Centre of Excellence in Skeletal Health Assessment, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Osteoporosis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela M Cheung
- Centre of Excellence in Skeletal Health Assessment, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Osteoporosis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Taylor BA, Bezuhly M, Brace M, Carter M, Hong P. Effect of strontium citrate on bone consolidation during mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Laryngoscope 2017; 127:E212-E218. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.26623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Taylor
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia
| | - Michael Bezuhly
- Department of Surgery; IWK Health Centre; Halifax Nova Scotia
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia
| | - Matthew Brace
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Michael Carter
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Paul Hong
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia
- Department of Surgery; IWK Health Centre; Halifax Nova Scotia
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Da Silva E, Pejović-Milić A. Calibration of the 125I-induced x-ray fluorescence spectrometry-based system of in vivo bone strontium determinations using hydroxyapatite as a phantom material: a simulation study. Physiol Meas 2017; 38:1077-1093. [PMID: 28248197 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa63d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The calibration of in vivo x-ray fluorescence systems of bone strontium quantification, based on 125I excitation, is dependent on a coherent normalization procedure. Application of this procedure with the use of plaster of Paris (poP) as a phantom material requires the application of a coherent conversion factor (CCF) to make the calibration functions transferable between the phantom material and human bone. In this work we evaluate, with the use of Monte Carlo simulation, the potential benefit of employing a newly developed hydroxyapatite phantom material into the calibration protocol. APPROACH Simulations being performed on bare bone phantoms, as the emission spectrum in this case is equivalent to an emission spectrum of an adequately corrected measurement for soft tissue attenuation of emitted strontium signal. We report that the application of hydroxyapatite phantoms does in fact remove the need for a coherent correction factor (CCF). MAIN RESULTS The newly developed phantoms can thus be used for the calibration of in vivo bone strontium systems removing one step of the calibration protocol. Calibration is, however, limited to cases in which the concentration is relative to the amount of calcium in the specimen, which is, the most useful quantity in a clinical sense. Determining concentrations on a per-mass-of-material basis, that is, a concentration not normalized to the calcium content of the phantom/bone, results in large biases in estimated bone strontium content. SIGNIFICANCE The use of an HAp phantom material was found to remove the need for a CCF. It was also found that in the case of an incomplete conversion ratio when preparing the phantom material that there would be little effect on the differential coherent cross-section and thereby the coherent normalization-based calibration protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Da Silva
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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Moise H, Chettle DR, Pejović-Milić A. Modeling elemental strontium in human bone based on in vivo x-ray fluorescence measurements in osteoporotic females self-supplementing with strontium citrate. Physiol Meas 2016; 37:429-41. [PMID: 26910208 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/37/3/429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An in-house custom I-125 excited in vivo x-ray fluorescence (IVXRF) system was used to perform bone strontium (Sr) measurements in individuals suffering from osteoporosis and/or osteopenia. These individuals, who were self-administering with Sr supplements of their choice, were measured frequently, ranging from weekly to biweekly to monthly, over four years, as part of the Ryerson and McMaster Sr in Bone Research Study. Based on these data collected, data from eight subjects were used to perform kinetic modeling of Sr in human bone. Power and exponential models were used to model the data based on one and two compartmental systems. Model parameters included: mean normalized baseline bone Sr signal, half-life and bone Sr uptake. A one compartmental exponential model applied to finger and ankle bone measurements gave half-lives of (508 ± 331) d and (232 ± 183) d, respectively, but did not show statistically significant differences (p = 0.087 96). However, the values fall within literature estimates. When a two compartmental model was applied to finger bone measurements, half-lives of (300 ± 163) d and (2201 ± 1662) d were observed. Ankle bone data gave half-lives of (156 ± 117) d and (1681 ± 744) d. A two sample t-test, assuming unequal variances, showed these half-lives to be statistically different in both the finger and ankle bone measurements (p = 0.0147 and p = 0.00711, respectively). Common kinetic parameters amongst the different subjects could not be unambiguously identified due to the wide scatter of data, leading to an inconclusive kinetic model. The wide distribution of data is suggested to be physiological since technical and positioning factors were eliminated as possible causes. This outcome indicates the need for a more controlled study and further understanding of the physiological mechanism of Sr absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moise
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Canada
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Sánchez JA. Normalization of bone mineral density after five years of treatment with strontium ranelate. CLINICAL CASES IN MINERAL AND BONE METABOLISM 2016; 12:251-2. [PMID: 26811705 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.3.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
E.F., female, age 58, mother of 4 children and otherwise healthy, had gone into menopause when she was 42. She had received hormone replacement therapy during 8 years. Due to low bone mass she had been treated with oral alendronate during 7 years. She had a normal calcium intake in her diet and engaged in regular physical activity. She did not smoke, and drank alcohol only occasionally. Her mother had sustained a hip fracture at age 90. Bone densitometry of her lumbar spine by DXA showed a T-score of -3.0; standardized bone mineral density (sBMD) had decreased by 11% in the previous 3 years. She was advised to start treatment with strontium ranelate (SrR) 2 g/day, plus oral cholecalciferol (1,000 IU/day). Three months later serum alkaline phosphatase had increased 10%, and serum osteocalcin was 18.9 ng/ml (upper normal limit 13.7). One year later her lumbar BMD had increased by 13.5%. After five years of treatment the BMD value was normal (1.357 g/cm(2); T-score -0.3). The case presented here is noteworthy for two reasons. Firstly, the patient maintained low bone mass after several years of combined treatment with alendronate and hormone replacement; this combination usually induces greater densitometric responses than either treatment given alone. Secondly, she responded promptly and significantly to SrR in spite of the previous long exposure to alendronate. SrR is widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis. It is an effective and safe drug, provided the patients are properly selected. As shown here, it can help some patients to achieve a normal BMD.
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Moise H, Chettle DR, Pejović-Milić A. Monitoring bone strontium intake in osteoporotic females self-supplementing with strontium citrate with a novel in-vivo X-ray fluorescence based diagnostic tool. Bone 2014; 61:48-54. [PMID: 24434614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ten female volunteers were recruited as part of the Ryerson and McMaster University Strontium (Sr) in Bone Research Study to have their bone Sr levels measured as they self-supplemented with Sr supplements of their choice. Of the ten volunteers, nine were suffering from osteopenia and/or osteoporosis. Non-invasive bone Sr measurements were performed using an in vivo x-ray fluorescence (IVXRF) I-125 based system. Thirty minute measurements were taken at the finger and ankle, representing primarily cortical and trabecular bone, respectively. For analysis, the 14.2keV Sr K-alpha peak normalized to the Coherent peak at 35.5keV was used. Baseline readings, representing natural bone Sr levels were acquired since all volunteers had no previous intake of Sr based supplements or medications. Once Sr supplements were started, a 24h reading was taken, followed by frequent measurements ranging from weekly, biweekly to monthly. The longest volunteer participation was 1535days. The mean baseline Sr signal observed for the group was 0.42±0.13 and 0.39±0.07 for the finger and ankle, respectively. After 24h, the mean Sr signal rose to 1.43±1.12 and 1.17±0.51, for the finger and ankle, respectively, representing a statistically significant increase (p=0.0043 & p=0.000613). Bone Sr levels continued to increase throughout the length of the study. However the Sr signal varied widely between the individuals such that after three years, the highest Sr signal observed was 28.15±0.86 for the finger and 26.47±1.22 for the ankle in one volunteer compared to 3.15±0.15 and 4.46±0.36, for the finger and ankle, respectively in another. Furthermore, while it was previously reported by our group, that finger bone Sr levels may plateau within two years, these results suggest otherwise, indicating that bone Sr levels will continue to rise at both bone sites even after 4years of Sr intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Moise
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - David R Chettle
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada
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Wohl GR, Chettle DR, Pejović-Milić A, Druchok C, Webber CE, Adachi JD, Beattie KA. Accumulation of bone strontium measured by in vivo XRF in rats supplemented with strontium citrate and strontium ranelate. Bone 2013; 52:63-9. [PMID: 22995463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strontium ranelate is an approved pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis in Europe and Australia, but not in Canada or the United States. Strontium citrate, an alternative strontium salt, however, is available for purchase over-the-counter as a nutritional supplement. The effects of strontium citrate on bone are largely unknown. The study's objectives were 1) to quantify bone strontium accumulation in female Sprague Dawley rats administered strontium citrate (N=7) and compare these levels to rats administered strontium ranelate (N=6) and vehicle (N=6) over 8 weeks, and 2) to verify an in vivo X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) system for measurement of bone strontium in the rat. Daily doses of strontium citrate and strontium ranelate were determined with the intention to achieve equivalent amounts of elemental strontium. However, post-hoc analyses of each strontium compound conducted using energy dispersive spectrometry microanalysis revealed a higher elemental strontium concentration in strontium citrate than strontium ranelate. Bone strontium levels were measured at baseline and 8 weeks follow-up using a unique in vivo XRF technique previously used in humans. XRF measurements were validated against ex vivo measurements of bone strontium using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Weight gain in rats in all three groups was equivalent over the study duration. A two-way ANOVA was conducted to compare bone strontium levels amongst the three groups. Bone strontium levels in rats administered strontium citrate were significantly greater (p<0.05) than rats administered strontium ranelate and vehicle. ANCOVA analyses were performed with Sr dose as a covariate to account for differences in strontium dosing. The ANCOVA revealed differences in bone strontium levels between the strontium groups were not significant, but that bone strontium levels were still very significantly greater than vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Wohl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Office: ETB 411, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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