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Xu C, Li H, Zhang C, Ge F, He Q, Chen H, Zhang L, Bai X. Quantitative Analysis of Primary Compressive Trabeculae Distribution in the Proximal Femur of the Elderly. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:2030-2039. [PMID: 38951721 PMCID: PMC11293936 DOI: 10.1111/os.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As osteoporosis progresses, the primary compressive trabeculae (PCT) in the proximal femur remains preserved and is deemed the principal load-bearing structure that links the femoral head with the femoral neck. This study aims to elucidate the distribution patterns of PCT within the proximal femur in the elderly population, and to assess its implications for the development and optimization of internal fixation devices used in hip fracture surgeries. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study conducted from March 2022 to April 2023. A total of 125 patients who underwent bilateral hip joint CT scans in our hospital were enrolled. CT data of the unaffected side of the hip were analyzed. Key parameters regarding the PCT distribution in the proximal femur were measured, including the femoral head's radius (R), the neck-shaft angle (NSA), the angle between the PCT-axis and the head-neck axis (α), the distance from the femoral head center to the PCT-axis (δ), and the lengths of the PCT's bottom and top boundaries (L-bottom and L-top respectively). The impact of gender differences on PCT distribution patterns was also investigated. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare continuous variables between genders. The relationship between various variables was investigated through Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS PCT was the most prominent bone structure within the femoral head. The average NSA, α, and δ were 126.85 ± 5.85°, 37.33 ± 4.23°, and 0.39 ± 1.22 mm, respectively, showing no significant gender differences (p > 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between α and NSA (r = -0.689, p < 0.001), and R and L-top (r = 0.623, p < 0.001), with mild correlations observed between δ and NSA (r = -0.487, p < 0.001), and R and L-bottom (r = 0.427, p < 0.001). Importantly, our study establishes a method to accurately localize PCT distribution in true anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the hip joint, facilitating precise screw placement in proximal femur fixation procedures. CONCLUSION Our study provided unprecedented insights into the distribution patterns of PCT in the proximal femur of the elderly population. The distribution of PCT in the proximal femur is predominantly influenced by anatomical and geometric factors, such as NSA and femoral head size, rather than demographic factors like gender. These insights have crucial implications for the design of internal fixation devices and surgical planning, offering objective guidance for the placement of screws in hip fracture treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Hyperbaric OxygenThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Feng Ge
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qing He
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hua Chen
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Sixth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Mitsuzawa S, Nakamata T, Mitamura S, Yasuda T, Matsuda S. Which head element is more effective for cement augmentation of TFNA? Helical blade versus lag screw. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:544. [PMID: 37400808 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early fixation and rehabilitation is the gold standard treatment for intertrochanteric femur fractures. Cement augmentation through perforated head elements has been developed to avoid postoperative complications such as cut-out or cut-through. The purpose of this study was to compare two head elements in terms of cement distribution using computed tomography (CT) and to examine their initial fixation and clinical outcomes. METHODS Elderly patients who had intertrochanteric fractures were treated with a trochanteric fixation nail advanced (TFNA) helical blade (Blade group) or a TFNA lag screw (Screw group). In both groups, 4.2 mL of cement was injected under an image intensifier (1.8 mL of cement was directed cranially and 0.8 mL each caudally, anteriorly, and posteriorly). Patient demographics and clinical outcome were investigated post-operatively. Cement distribution from the center of the head element was evaluated with CT. Maximum penetration depth (MPD) were measured in the coronal and sagittal planes. On each axial plane, the cross-sectional areas in the cranial, caudal, anterior and posterior directions were calculated. The sum of cross-sectional areas (successive 36 slices) was defined as the volume of the head element. RESULTS The Blade group included 14 patients, and the Screw group included 15 patients. In the Blade group, MPD in the anterior and caudal direction was significantly greater than that in the posterior direction (p < 0.01). In the Screw group, volume in the cranial and posterior direction was significantly greater than that in the Blade group (p = 0.03). Subsequently, the total volume in the Screw group was significantly larger than that in the Blade group (p < 0.01). No significant correlation was detected between bone mineral density, T score, young adult mean, and total cement volume. Change in radiographic parameters and clinical outcome such as Parker score and visual analog scale were similar in both groups. No patients suffered from cut-out / cut through or non-union. CONCLUSIONS The position of cement distribution through the lag screw is different from that through the helical blade, and the total volume of the head element is significantly larger in the lag screw. Both groups had similarly effective results in terms of mechanical stability after surgery, postoperative pain and early phase of rehabilitation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN45341843, 24/12/2022, Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaki Mitsuzawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Takeharu Nakamata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Mitamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yasuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Sen A, Follet H, Sornay-Rendu E, Rémond Y, George D. Prediction of osteoporotic degradation of tibia human bone at trabecular scale. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 139:105650. [PMID: 36657191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical numerical model is proposed to predict patient dependent osteoporotic bone degradation. The model parameters are identified through a particle swarm optimization algorithm and based on individual patient high resolution peripherical quantitative computer tomography (HRpQCT) scan data. The degradation model is based on cellular activity initiated by the elastic strain energy developed in the bone microstructure through patient's body weight. The macro (organ scale) and meso (trabecular scale) scale analyses are carried out and predicted bone volume fraction and microstructure evolution are compared with in-vivo experimental bone degradation for four elderly women over a period of 10 years. A significant correlation (r > 0.9) is observed between the model predictions and in-vivo experiments in all cases with an average deviation error of 1.46%. The model can easily be extended to other patients and provide good predictions for different population categories such as ethnicity, gender, age, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ICUBE Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Follet
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR 1033, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Elisabeth Sornay-Rendu
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR 1033, 69008, Lyon, France; Edouard Heriot Hospital, Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69437, Lyon, France
| | - Yves Rémond
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ICUBE Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel George
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ICUBE Laboratory, Strasbourg, France.
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Chen Y, Miao Y, Liu K, Zhu B, Xue F, Yin J, Zou J, Li G, Zhang C, Feng Y. Less sclerotic microarchitecture pattern with increased bone resorption in glucocorticoid-associated osteonecrosis of femoral head as compared to alcohol-associated osteonecrosis of femoral head. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1133674. [PMID: 36967755 PMCID: PMC10031038 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1133674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid usage and alcohol abuse are the most widely accepted risk factors for nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). Despite distinct etiologies between glucocorticoid-associated ONFH (GONFH) and alcohol-associated ONFH (AONFH), little is known about the differences of the microarchitectural and histomorphologic characteristics between these subtypes of ONFH. PURPOSES To investigate bone microarchitecture, bone remodeling activity and histomorphology characteristics of different regions in femoral heads between GONFH and AONFH. METHODS From September 2015 to October 2020, 85 patients diagnosed with GONFH and AONFH were recruited. Femoral heads were obtained after total hip replacement. Femoral head specimens were obtained from 42 patients (50 hips) with GONFH and 43 patients (50 hips) with AONFH. Micro-CT was utilized to assess the microstructure of 9 regions of interest (ROIs) in the femoral head. Along the supero-inferior orientation, the femoral head was divided into necrotic region, reactive interface, and normal region; along the medio-lateral orientation, the femoral head was divided into medial region, central region and lateral region. Decalcified and undecalcified bone histology was subsequently performed to evaluate histopathological alterations and bone remodeling levels. RESULTS In the necrotic region, most of the microarchitectural parameters did not differ significantly between GONFH and AONFH, whereas both the reactive interface and normal region revealed a less sclerotic microarchitecture but a higher bone remodeling level in GONFH than AONFH. Despite similar necrotic pathological manifestations, subchondral trabecular microfracture in the necrotic region was more severe and vasculature of the reactive interface was more abundant in GONFH. CONCLUSIONS GONFH and AONFH shared similar microarchitecture and histopathological features in the necrotic region, while GONFH exhibited a less sclerotic microarchitecture and a more active bone metabolic status in both the reactive interface and normal region. These differences between GONFH and AONFH in bone microarchitectural and histopathological characteristics might contribute to the development of disease-modifying prevention strategies and treatments for ONFH, taking into etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhui Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyi Li, ; Changqing Zhang, ; Yong Feng,
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyi Li, ; Changqing Zhang, ; Yong Feng,
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyi Li, ; Changqing Zhang, ; Yong Feng,
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Abe S, Kouhia R, Nikander R, Narra N, Hyttinen J, Sievänen H. Effect of fall direction on the lower hip fracture risk in athletes with different loading histories: A finite element modeling study in multiple sideways fall configurations. Bone 2022; 158:116351. [PMID: 35131487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Physical loading makes bones stronger through structural adaptation. Finding effective modes of exercise to improve proximal femur strength has the potential to decrease hip fracture risk. Previous proximal femur finite element (FE) modeling studies have indicated that the loading history comprising impact exercises is associated with substantially higher fracture load. However, those results were limited only to one specified fall direction. It remains thus unclear whether exercise-induced higher fracture load depends on the fall direction. To address this, using magnetic resonance images of proximal femora from 91 female athletes (mean age 24.7 years with >8 years competitive career) and their 20 non-athletic but physically active controls (mean age 23.7 years), proximal femur FE models were created in 12 different sideways fall configurations. The athletes were divided into five groups by typical loading patterns of their sports: high-impact (H-I: 9 triple- and 10 high-jumpers), odd-impact (O-I: 9 soccer and 10 squash players), high-magnitude (H-M: 17 powerlifters), repetitive-impact (R-I: 18 endurance runners), and repetitive non-impact (R-NI: 18 swimmers). Compared to the controls, the FE models showed that the H-I and R-I groups had significantly (p < 0.05) higher fracture loads, 11-17% and 22-28% respectively, in all fall directions while the O-I group had significantly 10-11% higher fracture loads in four fall directions. The H-M and R-NI groups did not show significant benefit in any direction. Also, the analyses of the minimum fall strength (MFS) among these multiple fall configurations confirmed significantly 15%, 11%, and 14% higher MFSs in these impact groups, respectively, compared to the controls. These results suggest that the lower hip fracture risk indicated by higher fracture loads in athletes engaged in high impact or repetitive impact sports is independent of fall direction whereas the lower fracture risk attributed to odd-impact exercise is more modest and specific to the fall direction. Moreover, in concordance with the literature, the present study also confirmed that the fracture risk increases if the impact is imposed on the more posterolateral aspect of the hip. The present results highlight the importance of engaging in the impact exercises to prevent hip fractures and call for retrospective studies to investigate whether specific impact exercise history in adolescence and young adulthood is also associated with lower incidence of hip fractures in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Abe
- Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Reijo Kouhia
- Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riku Nikander
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Nathaniel Narra
- BioMediTech Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- BioMediTech Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
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Ajami S, Javaheri B, Chang YM, Maruthainar N, Khan T, Donaldson J, Pitsillides AA, Liu C. Spatial links between subchondral bone architectural features and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritic joints. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6694. [PMID: 35461315 PMCID: PMC9035167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA), before the onset of irreversible changes is crucial for understanding the disease process and identifying potential disease-modifying treatments from the earliest stage. OA is a whole joint disease and affects both cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. However, spatial relationships between cartilage lesion severity (CLS) and microstructural changes in subchondral plate and trabecular bone remain elusive. Herein, we collected femoral heads from hip arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis (n = 7) and femoral neck fracture (n = 6; non-OA controls) cases. Samples were regionally assessed for cartilage lesions by visual inspection using Outerbridge classification and entire femoral heads were micro-CT scanned. Scans of each femoral head were divided into 4 quadrants followed by morphometric analysis of subchondral plate and trabecular bone in each quadrant. Principal component analysis (PCA), a data reduction method, was employed to assess differences between OA and non-OA samples, and spatial relationship between CLS and subchondral bone changes. Mapping of the trabecular bone microstructure in OA patients with low CLS revealed trabecular organisation resembling non-OA patients, whereas clear differences were identifiable in subchondral plate architecture. The OA-related changes in subchondral plate architecture were summarised in the first principle component (PC1) which correlated with CLS in all quadrants, whilst by comparison such associations in trabecular bone were most prominent in the higher weight-bearing regions of the femoral head. Greater articular cartilage deterioration in OA was regionally-linked with lower BV/TV, TMD and thickness, and greater BS/BV and porosity in the subchondral plate; and with thinner, less separated trabeculae with greater TMD and BS/BV in the trabecular bone. Our findings suggest that impairment of subchondral bone microstructure in early stage of OA is more readily discernible in the cortical plate and that morphological characterisation of the femoral head bone microstructure may allow for earlier OA diagnosis and monitoring of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ajami
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK. .,Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Behzad Javaheri
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Y-M Chang
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | | | - Tahir Khan
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - James Donaldson
- The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK.
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Lim HK, Ha HI, Park SY, Han J. Prediction of femoral osteoporosis using machine-learning analysis with radiomics features and abdomen-pelvic CT: A retrospective single center preliminary study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247330. [PMID: 33661911 PMCID: PMC7932154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis has increased and developed into a serious public health concern worldwide. Despite the high prevalence, osteoporosis is silent before major fragility fracture and the osteoporosis screening rate is low. Abdomen-pelvic CT (APCT) is one of the most widely conducted medical tests. Artificial intelligence and radiomics analysis have recently been spotlighted. This is the first study to evaluate the prediction performance of femoral osteoporosis using machine-learning analysis with radiomics features and APCT. Materials and methods 500 patients (M: F = 70:430; mean age, 66.5 ± 11.8yrs; range, 50–96 years) underwent both dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and APCT within 1 month. The volume of interest of the left proximal femur was extracted and 41 radiomics features were calculated using 3D volume of interest analysis. Top 10 importance radiomic features were selected by the intraclass correlation coefficient and random forest feature selection. Study cohort was randomly divided into 70% of the samples as the training cohort and the remaining 30% of the sample as the validation cohort. Prediction performance of machine-learning analysis was calculated using diagnostic test and comparison of area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed between training and validation cohorts. Results The osteoporosis prevalence of this study cohort was 20.8%. The prediction performance of the machine-learning analysis to diagnose osteoporosis in the training and validation cohorts were as follows; accuracy, 92.9% vs. 92.7%; sensitivity, 86.6% vs. 80.0%; specificity, 94.5% vs. 95.8%; positive predictive value, 78.4% vs. 82.8%; and negative predictive value, 96.7% vs. 95.0%. The AUC to predict osteoporosis in the training and validation cohorts were 95.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 93.7%-98.1%] and 96.0% [95% CI, 93.2%-98.8%], respectively, without significant differences (P = 0.962). Conclusion Prediction performance of femoral osteoporosis using machine-learning analysis with radiomics features and APCT showed high validity with more than 93% accuracy, specificity, and negative predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Lim
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Il Ha
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Han
- Department of Statistics and Data Science Convergence Research Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Gebre RK, Hirvasniemi J, Lantto I, Saarakkala S, Leppilahti J, Jämsä T. Discrimination of Low-Energy Acetabular Fractures from Controls Using Computed Tomography-Based Bone Characteristics. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:367-381. [PMID: 32648192 PMCID: PMC7773622 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of low-energy acetabular fractures has increased. However, the structural factors for these fractures remain unclear. The objective of this study was to extract trabecular bone architecture and proximal femur geometry (PFG) measures from clinical computed tomography (CT) images to (1) identify possible structural risk factors of acetabular fractures, and (2) to discriminate fracture cases from controls using machine learning methods. CT images of 107 acetabular fracture subjects (25 females, 82 males) and 107 age-gender matched controls were examined. Three volumes of interest, one at the acetabulum and two at the femoral head, were extracted to calculate bone volume fraction (BV/TV), gray-level co-occurrence matrix and histogram of the gray values (GV). The PFG was defined by neck shaft angle and femoral neck axis length. Relationships between the variables were assessed by statistical mean comparisons and correlation analyses. Bayesian logistic regression and Elastic net machine learning models were implemented for classification. We found lower BV/TV at the femoral head (0.51 vs. 0.55, p = 0.012) and lower mean GV at both the acetabulum (98.81 vs. 115.33, p < 0.001) and femoral head (150.63 vs. 163.47, p = 0.005) of fracture subjects when compared to their matched controls. The trabeculae within the femoral heads of the acetabular fracture sides differed in structure, density and texture from the corresponding control sides of the fracture subjects. Moreover, the PFG and trabecular architectural variables, alone and in combination, were able to discriminate fracture cases from controls (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve 0.70 to 0.79). In conclusion, lower density in the acetabulum and femoral head with abnormal trabecular structure and texture at the femoral head, appear to be risk factors for low-energy acetabular fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robel K Gebre
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jukka Hirvasniemi
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iikka Lantto
- Division of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juhana Leppilahti
- Division of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Jämsä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Su Y, Wang L, Liu X, Yang M, Yi C, Liu Y, Huang P, Guo Z, Yu A, Cheng X, Wu X, Blake GM, Engelke K. Lack of periosteal apposition in the head and neck of femur after menopause in Chinese women with high risk for hip fractures - A cross-sectional study with QCT. Bone 2020; 139:115545. [PMID: 32730940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In elderly subjects and in particular in those with osteoporosis the evidence on age related volume changes of the hip is still very limited. Even less is known about bone changes of the femoral head. The aim of this study is to explore associations of bone size of the femoral head and neck with age in postmenopausal women with very high risk of hip fracture and to investigate associations of femoral head and neck bone mineral density. MIAF (medical image analysis framework)-Femur was used for the analysis of CT datasets from 319 females with acute hip fractures age 50 to 98. Integral BMD and volume of the head and neck were assessed. The femoral head was divided into four quadrants to address differential vBMD and volume responses of its superior, inferior, posterior and anterior parts. Areal BMD (aBMD) of femoral neck was also obtained. In this population of postmenopausal women we did not observe age-related changes in bone volume of the femoral head or neck between ages 50 and 98 years. Integral vBMD in the head in the 90-98 year group was 48.0 mg/cm3 lower than that in 50-59 year group, which accounts for nearly 30% decrease in vBMD with 40 years increase. Age-related vBMD changes in the head quadrants were similar to that in total. With age, the trend line correlation coefficients for vBMD in quadrants were relatively small, but significant (p < 0.001) for all. The femoral head integral vBMD correlates well with neck vBMD and FN aBMD. FN aBMD explained 45% of head integral vBMD variance (p < 0.0001). Elderly women had relative preservation of femoral head and neck bone volume from 50 yrs. over four decades but markedly lower integral vBMD of proximal femur. The findings of our study call in question about the concept of bone expansion with aging even in elderly age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Su
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yi
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengju Huang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Guo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aihong Yu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbao Wu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Glen M Blake
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Engelke
- Department of Medicine 3, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Ryan M, Barnett L, Rochester J, Wilkinson JM, Dall'Ara E. A new approach to comprehensively evaluate the morphological properties of the human femoral head: example of application to osteoarthritic joint. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5538. [PMID: 32218496 PMCID: PMC7098981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis affects the morphological properties of the femoral head. The goal of this study was to develop a method to elucidate whether these changes are localised to discrete regions, or if the reported trends in microstructural changes may be identified throughout the subchondral bone of the human femoral head. Whole femoral heads extracted from osteoarthritic (n = 5) and healthy controls (n = 5) underwent microCT imaging 39 μm voxel size. The subchondral bone plate was virtually isolated to evaluate the plate thickness and plate porosity. The trabecular bone region was divided into 37 volumes of interest spatially distributed in the femoral head, and bone morphometric properties were determined in each region. The study showed how the developed approach can be used to study the heterogeneous properties of the human femoral head affected by a disease such as osteoarthritis. As example, in the superior femoral head osteoarthritic specimens exhibited a more heterogeneous micro-architecture, with trends towards thicker cortical bone plate, higher trabecular connectivity density, higher trabecular bone density and thicker structures, something that could only be observed with the newly developed approach. Bone cysts were mostly confined to the postero-lateral quadrants extending from the subchondral region into the mid trabecular region. Nevertheless, in order to generalise these findings, a larger sample size should be analysed in the future. This novel method allowed a comprehensive evaluation of the heterogeneous micro-architectural properties of the human femoral head, highlighting effects of OA in the superior subchondral cortical and trabecular bone. Further investigations on different stages of OA would be needed to identify early changes in the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ryan
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - L Barnett
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Rochester
- Academic Unit of Medical Education, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J M Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - E Dall'Ara
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. .,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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11
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Kawashima H, Ichikawa K, Takata T, Nagata H, Hoshika M, Akagi N. Technical Note: Performance comparison of ultra‐high‐resolution scan modes of two clinical computed tomography systems. Med Phys 2019; 47:488-497. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kawashima
- Faculty of Health Sciences Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Kanazawa University 5‐11‐80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa 920‐0942Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ichikawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Kanazawa University 5‐11‐80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa 920‐0942Japan
| | - Tadanori Takata
- Radiology Division Kanazawa University Hospital 13‐1 Takara‐machi Kanazawa 920‐8641Japan
| | - Hiroji Nagata
- Section of Radiological Technology Department of Medical Technology Kanazawa Medical University Hospital Daigaku 1‐1 Uchinada Kahoku 920‐0293Japan
| | - Minori Hoshika
- Departments of Radiology Okayama University Hospital 2‐5‐1 Shikatacho Kitaku Okayama 700‐8558Japan
| | - Noriaki Akagi
- Departments of Radiology Okayama University Hospital 2‐5‐1 Shikatacho Kitaku Okayama 700‐8558Japan
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12
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Du J, Brooke-Wavell K, Paggiosi MA, Hartley C, Walsh JS, Silberschmidt VV, Li S. Characterising variability and regional correlations of microstructure and mechanical competence of human tibial trabecular bone: An in-vivo HR-pQCT study. Bone 2019; 121:139-148. [PMID: 30658093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quantifying spatial distribution of trabecular bone mechanical competence and microstructure is important for early diagnosis of skeletal disorders and potential risk of fracture. The objective of this study was to determine a spatial distribution of trabecular mechanical and morphological properties in human distal tibia and examine the contribution of regional variability of trabecular microarchitecture to mechanical competence. METHODS A total of 340 representative volume elements at five anatomic regions of trabecular bone - anterior, posterior, lateral, medial and centre - from ten white European-origin postmenopausal women were studied. Region-specific trabecular parameters such as trabecular volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, trabecular surface area, trabecular separation, plate-like structure fraction and finite element analysis of trabecular stiffness were determined based on in-vivo high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomographic (HR-pQCT) images of distal tibiae from ten postmenopausal women. Mean values were compared using analysis of variance. The correlations between morphological parameters and stiffness were calculated. RESULTS Significant regional variation in trabecular microarchitecture of the human distal tibia was observed (p < 0.05), with up to 106% differences between lowest (central and anterior) and highest (medial and posterior) regions. Higher proportion of plate-like trabecular morphology (63% and 53%) was found in medial and posterior regions in the distal tibia. Stiffness estimated from finite element models also differed significantly (p < 0.05), with stiffness being 4.5 times higher in the highest (medial) than lowest (central) regions. The bone volume fraction was the strongest correlate of stiffness in all regions. CONCLUSION A novel finding of this study is the fact that significant regional variation of stiffness derived from two-phased FEA model with individual trabecula representation correlated highly to regional morphology obtained from in-vivo HR-pQCT images at the distal tibia. The correlations between regional morphological parameters and mechanical competence of trabecular bone were consistent at all regions studied, with regional BV/TV showing the highest correlation. The method developed for regional analysis of trabecular mechanical competence may offer a better insight into the relationship between mechanical behaviour and microstructure of bone. The findings provide evidence needed to further justify a larger-cohort feasibility study for early detection of bone degenerative diseases: examining regional variations in mechanical competence and trabecular specifications may allow better understanding of fracture risks in addition to others contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | | | | | - Chris Hartley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Jennifer S Walsh
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Vadim V Silberschmidt
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Simin Li
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK.
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13
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Yamada S, Chiba K, Okazaki N, Era M, Nishino Y, Yokota K, Yonekura A, Tomita M, Tsurumoto T, Osaki M. Correlation between vertebral bone microstructure and estimated strength in elderly women: An ex-vivo HR-pQCT study of cadaveric spine. Bone 2019; 120:459-464. [PMID: 30553854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A vertebral fracture is the most common complication of osteoporosis, and various factors are involved in its occurrence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of trabecular and cortical bone microstructure on vertebral strength using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). METHODS Three female cadaveric spines were investigated (average age: 80.3 years). The whole spine (T1-L4) was scanned by second-generation HR-pQCT at a voxel size of 60.7 μm. Bone microstructure analysis and micro finite element analysis were performed after excluding the upper and lower endplates and posterior elements of a total of 48 vertebrae. Correlations between trabecular and cortical bone microstructure parameters and estimated vertebral strength were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression models. RESULTS Cortical thickness (Ct.Th) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were strongly correlated with estimated failure load on univariate analysis (r = 0.89, 0.82). Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (Tb.vBMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), and Ct.Th were correlated with estimated failure load on multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS It was suggested that, in addition to trabecular bone (Tb.vBMD, BV/TV, Tb.N), cortical bone (Ct.Th) contributed significantly to vertebral strength in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Yamada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Ko Chiba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.
| | - Narihiro Okazaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Makoto Era
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishino
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokota
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yonekura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Masato Tomita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tsurumoto
- Department of Macroscopic Anatomy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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14
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A cross-sectional study on the age-related cortical and trabecular bone changes at the femoral head in elderly female hip fracture patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:305. [PMID: 30670734 PMCID: PMC6343024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is in a continuous state of remodeling whereby old bone is absorbed and new bone is formed in its place. During this process, new formations reinforce the bone in the direction of the dominant stress trajectories through a functional adaptation. In normal aging, the balance between bone resorption and formation can be shifted. How this affects the functional adaptation remains to be investigated. Furthermore, how or whether the bone continues to change beyond the age of 85 is not yet studied in detail. In this study we examined the age-related changes in the cortical and trabecular bone in old age, and assessed whether we can find evidence of the presence of functional adaptation. We measured cortical and trabecular parameters from micro-computed tomography scans of the femoral head extracted from hip fracture patients between the age of 70 and 93 years. A significant decrease in global trabecular bone mineral density (38.1%) and cortical thickness (13.0%) was seen from the 9th to the 10th decade of life. The degree of anisotropy was maintained globally as well as locally in both high and low stress regions. The local trabecular bone mineral density decreased in both high stress and low stress regions between the 9th and 10th decade of life with similar trends. This suggests that the role of functional adaptation in maintaining the bone structural integrity in old age may be limited. This study highlights the need for a controlled clinical trial examining the cause of the continued bone degradation throughout old age.
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15
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Mohsin S, Kaimala S, Sunny JJ, Adeghate E, Brown EM. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Risk to Hip Fracture in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis by Deteriorating the Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture and Bone Mass. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:3876957. [PMID: 31815147 PMCID: PMC6878775 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3876957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T2DM is linked to an increase in the fracture rate as compared to the nondiabetic population even with normal or raised bone mineral density (BMD). Hence, bone quality plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skeletal fragility due to T2DM. This study analyzed the changes in the trabecular bone microstructure due to T2DM at various time points in ovariectomized and nonovariectomized rats. Animals were divided into four groups: (I) control (sham), (II) diabetic (sham), (III) ovariectomized, and (IV) ovariectomized with diabetes. The trabecular microarchitecture of the femoral head was characterized using a micro-CT. The differences between the groups were analyzed at 8, 10, and 14 weeks of the onset of T2DM using a two-way analysis of variance and by post hoc multiple comparisons. The diabetic group with and without ovariectomies demonstrated a significant increase in trabecular separation and a decrease in bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and thickness. BMD decreased in ovariectomized diabetic animals at 14 weeks of the onset of T2DM. No significant change was found in connectivity density and degree of anisotropy among groups. The structural model index suggested a change towards a weaker rod-like microstructure in diabetic animals. The data obtained suggested that T2DM affects the trabecular structure within a rat's femoral heads negatively and changes are most significant at a longer duration of T2DM, increasing the risk to hip fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mohsin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 17666, UAE
| | - Suneesh Kaimala
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 17666, UAE
| | - Jens Jolly Sunny
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 17666, UAE
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 17666, UAE
| | - Eric Mensah Brown
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 17666, UAE
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16
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Greenwood C, Clement J, Dicken A, Evans P, Lyburn I, Martin RM, Stone N, Zioupos P, Rogers K. Age-Related Changes in Femoral Head Trabecular Microarchitecture. Aging Dis 2018; 9:976-987. [PMID: 30574411 PMCID: PMC6284768 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone condition, characterised by low bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Currently, the gold standard for identifying osteoporosis and increased fracture risk is through quantification of bone mineral density using dual energy X-ray absorption. However, many studies have shown that bone strength, and consequently the probability of fracture, is a combination of both bone mass and bone 'quality' (architecture and material chemistry). Although the microarchitecture of both non-fracture and osteoporotic bone has been previously investigated, many of the osteoporotic studies are constrained by factors such as limited sample number, use of ovariectomised animal models, and lack of male and female discrimination. This study reports significant differences in bone quality with respect to the microarchitecture between fractured and non-fractured human femur specimens. Micro-computed tomography was utilised to investigate the microarchitecture of femoral head trabecular bone from a relatively large cohort of non-fracture and fracture human donors. Various microarchitectural parameters have been determined for both groups, providing an understanding of the differences between fracture and non -fracture material. The microarchitecture of non-fracture and fracture bone tissue is shown to be significantly different for many parameters. Differences between sexes also exist, suggesting differences in remodelling between males and females in the fracture group. The results from this study will, in the future, be applied to develop a fracture model which encompasses bone density, architecture and material chemical properties for both female and male tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Clement
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anthony Dicken
- The Imaging Science Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Paul Evans
- The Imaging Science Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | | | - Nick Stone
- Physics and Astronomy, Exeter University, Exeter, UK.
| | - Peter Zioupos
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK.
| | - Keith Rogers
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK.
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17
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Deniz CM, Xiang S, Hallyburton RS, Welbeck A, Babb JS, Honig S, Cho K, Chang G. Segmentation of the Proximal Femur from MR Images using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16485. [PMID: 30405145 PMCID: PMC6220200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a complimentary method to measure bone quality and assess fracture risk. However, manual segmentation of MR images of bone is time-consuming, limiting the use of MRI measurements in the clinical practice. The purpose of this paper is to present an automatic proximal femur segmentation method that is based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This study had institutional review board approval and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. A dataset of volumetric structural MR images of the proximal femur from 86 subjects were manually-segmented by an expert. We performed experiments by training two different CNN architectures with multiple number of initial feature maps, layers and dilation rates, and tested their segmentation performance against the gold standard of manual segmentations using four-fold cross-validation. Automatic segmentation of the proximal femur using CNNs achieved a high dice similarity score of 0.95 ± 0.02 with precision = 0.95 ± 0.02, and recall = 0.95 ± 0.03. The high segmentation accuracy provided by CNNs has the potential to help bring the use of structural MRI measurements of bone quality into clinical practice for management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem M Deniz
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Siyuan Xiang
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | | | - Arakua Welbeck
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - James S Babb
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Stephen Honig
- Osteoporosis Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Kyunghyun Cho
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Gregory Chang
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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18
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Achievable accuracy of hip screw holding power estimation by insertion torque measurement. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2018; 52:57-65. [PMID: 29360050 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To ensure stability of proximal femoral fractures, the hip screw must firmly engage into the femoral head. Some studies suggested that screw holding power into trabecular bone could be evaluated, intraoperatively, through measurement of screw insertion torque. However, those studies used synthetic bone, instead of trabecular bone, as host material or they did not evaluate accuracy of predictions. We determined prediction accuracy, also assessing the impact of screw design and host material. METHODS We measured, under highly-repeatable experimental conditions, disregarding clinical procedure complexities, insertion torque and pullout strength of four screw designs, both in 120 synthetic and 80 trabecular bone specimens of variable density. For both host materials, we calculated the root-mean-square error and the mean-absolute-percentage error of predictions based on the best fitting model of torque-pullout data, in both single-screw and merged dataset. FINDINGS Predictions based on screw-specific regression models were the most accurate. Host material impacts on prediction accuracy: the replacement of synthetic with trabecular bone decreased both root-mean-square errors, from 0.54 ÷ 0.76 kN to 0.21 ÷ 0.40 kN, and mean-absolute-percentage errors, from 14 ÷ 21% to 10 ÷ 12%. However, holding power predicted on low insertion torque remained inaccurate, with errors up to 40% for torques below 1 Nm. INTERPRETATION In poor-quality trabecular bone, tissue inhomogeneities likely affect pullout strength and insertion torque to different extents, limiting the predictive power of the latter. This bias decreases when the screw engages good-quality bone. Under this condition, predictions become more accurate although this result must be confirmed by close in-vitro simulation of the clinical procedure.
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19
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Yoon BH, Kim JG, Lee YK, Ha YC, Koo KH, Kim JH. Femoral head trabecular micro-architecture in patients with osteoporotic hip fractures: Impact of bisphosphonate treatment. Bone 2017; 105:148-153. [PMID: 28842364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisphosphonates are effective in preventing osteoporotic fractures. However, their limited efficacy of bisphosphonates has been suggested as a result of these drugs, which prevent the resorption of bone without improving bone connectivity. The trabecular microarchitecture in patients with osteoporotic hip fractures was evaluated according to their history of bisphosphonate treatment (BT). METHODS One hundred thirty-three patients with hip fractures admitted and treated between November 2014 and September 2016. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had received treatment with bisphosphonates for >3years or not [non-bisphosphonate-treated patients (NT)]. One-to-one propensity score matching generated 15 matched pairs of patients. Microstructural parameters of femoral head were measured by using micro-computed tomography (μCT). Mechanical compression test (Young's modulus, yield strength, and maximum compressive force) was performed following μCT. RESULTS Trabecular bone pattern factor (1.15±0.7mm-1 versus 1.61±0.5mm-1, p=0.037) and specific bone surface (14.1±0.8mm-1 versus 15.4±1.9mm-1, p=0.050) were significantly lower in the BT group than in the NT group. Furthermore, Young's modulus was significantly higher in the BT group than in the NT group (72.14±30.75MPa versus 47.89±29.89MPa, p=0.037). In both groups, trabecular bone pattern was the most closely correlated microstructural parameter to bone strength. Microstructural analysis demonstrated that bone connectivity was better preserved in the BT group than in the NT group. CONCLUSIONS Bisphosphonate treatment preserves bone mass and bone quality. The factors influencing osteoporotic hip fractures in patients treated with bisphosphonates warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ho Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Gon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoi Koo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Jae Hwa Kim
- Department of Orthopedics & Joint Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea.
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20
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Caddeo S, Boffito M, Sartori S. Tissue Engineering Approaches in the Design of Healthy and Pathological In Vitro Tissue Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:40. [PMID: 28798911 PMCID: PMC5526851 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tissue engineering (TE) paradigm, engineering and life sciences tools are combined to develop bioartificial substitutes for organs and tissues, which can in turn be applied in regenerative medicine, pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and basic research to elucidate fundamental aspects of cell functions in vivo or to identify mechanisms involved in aging processes and disease onset and progression. The complex three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment in which cells are organized in vivo allows the interaction between different cell types and between cells and the extracellular matrix, the composition of which varies as a function of the tissue, the degree of maturation, and health conditions. In this context, 3D in vitro models can more realistically reproduce a tissue or organ than two-dimensional (2D) models. Moreover, they can overcome the limitations of animal models and reduce the need for in vivo tests, according to the "3Rs" guiding principles for a more ethical research. The design of 3D engineered tissue models is currently in its development stage, showing high potential in overcoming the limitations of already available models. However, many issues are still opened, concerning the identification of the optimal scaffold-forming materials, cell source and biofabrication technology, and the best cell culture conditions (biochemical and physical cues) to finely replicate the native tissue and the surrounding environment. In the near future, 3D tissue-engineered models are expected to become useful tools in the preliminary testing and screening of drugs and therapies and in the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underpinning disease onset and progression. In this review, the application of TE principles to the design of in vitro 3D models will be surveyed, with a focus on the strengths and weaknesses of this emerging approach. In addition, a brief overview on the development of in vitro models of healthy and pathological bone, heart, pancreas, and liver will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caddeo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Susanna Sartori
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Poole KES, Skingle L, Gee AH, Turmezei TD, Johannesdottir F, Blesic K, Rose C, Vindlacheruvu M, Donell S, Vaculik J, Dungl P, Horak M, Stepan JJ, Reeve J, Treece GM. Focal osteoporosis defects play a key role in hip fracture. Bone 2017; 94:124-134. [PMID: 27777119 PMCID: PMC5135225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip fractures are mainly caused by accidental falls and trips, which magnify forces in well-defined areas of the proximal femur. Unfortunately, the same areas are at risk of rapid bone loss with ageing, since they are relatively stress-shielded during walking and sitting. Focal osteoporosis in those areas may contribute to fracture, and targeted 3D measurements might enhance hip fracture prediction. In the FEMCO case-control clinical study, Cortical Bone Mapping (CBM) was applied to clinical computed tomography (CT) scans to define 3D cortical and trabecular bone defects in patients with acute hip fracture compared to controls. Direct measurements of trabecular bone volume were then made in biopsies of target regions removed at operation. METHODS The sample consisted of CT scans from 313 female and 40 male volunteers (158 with proximal femoral fracture, 145 age-matched controls and 50 fallers without hip fracture). Detailed Cortical Bone Maps (c.5580 measurement points on the unfractured hip) were created before registering each hip to an average femur shape to facilitate statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Areas where cortical and trabecular bone differed from controls were visualised in 3D for location, magnitude and statistical significance. Measures from the novel regions created by the SPM process were then tested for their ability to classify fracture versus control by comparison with traditional CT measures of areal Bone Mineral Density (aBMD). In women we used the surgical classification of fracture location ('femoral neck' or 'trochanteric') to discover whether focal osteoporosis was specific to fracture type. To explore whether the focal areas were osteoporotic by histological criteria, we used micro CT to measure trabecular bone parameters in targeted biopsies taken from the femoral heads of 14 cases. RESULTS Hip fracture patients had distinct patterns of focal osteoporosis that determined fracture type, and CBM measures classified fracture type better than aBMD parameters. CBM measures however improved only minimally on aBMD for predicting any hip fracture and depended on the inclusion of trabecular bone measures alongside cortical regions. Focal osteoporosis was confirmed on biopsy as reduced sub-cortical trabecular bone volume. CONCLUSION Using 3D imaging methods and targeted bone biopsy, we discovered focal osteoporosis affecting trabecular and cortical bone of the proximal femur, among men and women with hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E S Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Linda Skingle
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew H Gee
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas D Turmezei
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fjola Johannesdottir
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen Blesic
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Collette Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Simon Donell
- Department of Orthopaedics, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Jan Vaculik
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Bulovka Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dungl
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Bulovka Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horak
- Department of Radiology, Homolka Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan J Stepan
- Faculty of Medicine 1, Charles University and Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Reeve
- BOTNAR Research Institute, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford, UK
| | - Graham M Treece
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Jonasson G, Rythén M. Alveolar bone loss in osteoporosis: a loaded and cellular affair? Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2016; 8:95-103. [PMID: 27471408 PMCID: PMC4948717 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s92774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillary and mandibular bone mirror skeletal bone conditions. Bone remodeling happens at endosteal surfaces where the osteoclasts and osteoblasts are situated. More surfaces means more cells and remodeling. The bone turnover rate in the mandibular alveolar process is probably the fastest in the body; thus, the first signs of osteoporosis may be revealed here. Hormones, osteoporosis, and aging influence the alveolar process and the skeletal bones similarly, but differences in loading between loaded, half-loaded, and unloaded bones are important to consider. Bone mass is redistributed from one location to another where strength is needed. A sparse trabeculation in the mandibular premolar region (large intertrabecular spaces and thin trabeculae) is a reliable sign of osteopenia and a high skeletal fracture risk. Having dense trabeculation (small intertrabecular spaces and well-mineralized trabeculae) is generally advantageous to the individual because of the low fracture risk, but may imply some problems for the clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Jonasson
- Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
- Research and Development Centre, Borås
| | - Marianne Rythén
- Research and Development Centre, Borås
- Specialist Clinic for Pediatric Dentistry, Public Dental Service, Mölndal, Sweden
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Zhang L, Lv H, Zheng H, Li M, Yin P, Peng Y, Gao Y, Zhang L, Tang P. Correlation between Parameters of Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound and Hip Structural Analysis in Osteoporotic Fracture Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145879. [PMID: 26710123 PMCID: PMC4692445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS), which is used in the evaluation of osteoporosis, is believed to be intimately associated with the characteristics of the proximal femur. However, the specific associations of calcaneal QUS with characteristics of the hip sub-regions remain unclear. Design A cross-sectional assessment of 53 osteoporotic patients was performed for the skeletal status of the heel and hip. Methods We prospectively enrolled 53 female osteoporotic patients with femoral fractures. Calcaneal QUS, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and hip structural analysis (HSA) were performed for each patient. Femoral heads were obtained during the surgery, and principal compressive trabeculae (PCT) were extracted by a three-dimensional printing technique-assisted method. Pearson’s correlation between QUS measurement with DXA, HSA-derived parameters and Young’s modulus were calculated in order to evaluate the specific association of QUS with the parameters for the hip sub-regions, including the femoral neck, trochanteric and Ward’s areas, and the femoral shaft, respectively. Results Significant correlations were found between estimated BMD (Est.BMD) and BMD of different sub-regions of proximal femur. However, the correlation coefficient of trochanteric area (r = 0.356, p = 0.009) was higher than that of the neck area (r = 0.297, p = 0.031) and total proximal femur (r = 0.291, p = 0.034). Furthermore, the quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) was significantly correlated with the HSA-derived parameters of the trochanteric area (r value: 0.315–0.356, all p<0.05) as well as with the Young’s modulus of PCT from the femoral head (r = 0.589, p<0.001). Conclusion The calcaneal bone had an intimate association with the trochanteric cancellous bone. To a certain extent, the parameters of the calcaneal QUS can reflect the characteristics of the trochanteric area of the proximal hip, although not specifically reflective of those of the femoral neck or shaft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Houchen Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hailiang Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PFT); (LHZ)
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PFT); (LHZ)
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Tsouknidas A, Anagnostidis K, Panagiotidou S, Michailidis N. The effect of osteoarthritis on the regional anatomical variation of subchondral trabecular bone in the femoral head. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2015; 30:418-23. [PMID: 25823901 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subchondral trabecular bone is located deep inside the articular cartilage, with the subcapital region carrying up to 70% of the diurnal loads occurring in the hip joint. This leads to severe regional anatomical variations of subchondral trabecular bone in the femoral head and the purpose of this study was to examine whether osteoarthritis affects these topographic characteristics. METHODS 60 femoral heads were harvested during hip replacement and studied by osteopenetration at 8 pre-defined angles, at a penetration rate of 1mm/s. Twenty-eight of the donors underwent surgery due to osteoarthritis, whereas the remaining were trauma patients with hip fractures. To correlate these measurements to non-invasive data, all specimens were scanned by micro Computed Tomography (μCT) prior to experimentation. A cross-sectional area, perpendicular to the needle penetration pathway, was analyzed and the deviations compared to the recorded osteopenetration energy. FINDINGS The experiments revealed significant topographical deviations in the trabeculae. These were more pronounced in the osteoarthritic samples which also required overall higher osteopenetration energy. A notable dependency of the directional bone strength to its cross-sectional characteristics was observed. Although the effect of "gender" on osteopenetration energy was proven to be significant, gender was not considered an independent variable in a regression model correlating osteopenetration energy to 2D trabecular bone density as this did not improve the value of the adjusted R(2). INTERPRETATION The investigation provided refined insight into femoral head load-bearing capacity of patients suffering from osteoarthritis, as a comparison of osteoarthritic to healthy samples illustrated that subchondral trabecular bone in the femoral head region is subjected to increased remodeling and demineralization, reflected in higher osteopenetration values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsouknidas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Polytechnics, Building D, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - K Anagnostidis
- Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, University Hospital Llandough, UK
| | - S Panagiotidou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Greece
| | - N Michailidis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Polytechnics, Building D, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Lv H, Zhang L, Yang F, Li M, Yin P, Su X, Yin P, Zhang L, Tang P. A novel 3D-printed device for localization and extraction of trabeculae from human femoral heads: a comparison with traditional visual extraction. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1791-9. [PMID: 25708796 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, we propose a novel method for accurate trabeculae extraction from human femoral heads using 3D-printing techniques and compare spatial deviation errors between this novel method and the conventional method. We found that spatial deviation errors, which indicate inaccuracy and unreliability, were significantly higher with the conventional method. INTRODUCTION Assessment of structural and mechanical properties of local bone is important in the study of pathological changes associated with musculoskeletal degenerative diseases. However, the widely used visual extraction method (VIS) for trabecular columns showed large deviations from veridicality, referred to as spatial deviation errors (SDE). Here, we propose a novel method for accurately locating and trephining trabeculae using a 3D-printed (3DP) positioning device and also evaluate the SDE of the VIS. METHODS Twenty femoral heads were obtained from osteoporotic patients, and the trabecular columns were extracted from the principal compressive trabeculae by VIS (n = 10) or the 3DP (n = 10) method. Morphological, structural, and mechanical properties were compared between both groups along with the recorded errors in spatial deviation. RESULTS Compared with the 3DP group, the average angle of central axis deflection in the VIS group was significantly greater; SDE in the VIS group was 26.1, 8.8, 4.1, 9.8, 7.2, 8.1, and 10.1 % greater for bone mineral density, bone volume/tissue volume ratio, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, Young's modulus, yield strength, and ultimate strength. CONCLUSION In this study, a high degree of SDE was demonstrated in the VIS, which indicates that the conventional technique is unreliable. Additionally, accurate sample fabrication and credible quantitative analysis of local trabeculae among individuals can be achieved with the aid of computed tomography and the 3DP device, thus providing a more objective method for researching musculoskeletal degenerative diseases and possibly a better clinical understanding of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - F Yang
- BNLMS State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - P Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - X Su
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - P Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - P Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Gao J, Gong H, Zhang R, Zhu D. Age-related regional deterioration patterns and changes in nanoscale characterizations of trabeculae in the femoral head. Exp Gerontol 2015; 62:63-72. [PMID: 25582596 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties and features of bone materials at the nanoscale level in different regions of the femoral head in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. Ten femoral heads from female patients with femoral neck fractures were extracted during surgery (five for the Aged group, aged 65-66 years; five for the Advanced aged group, aged 85-95 years). The femoral head was divided into three equal layers (anterior, central, and posterior) in the coronal view, and each layer was segmented into five regions (superior, central, inferior, medial, and lateral). Nanoindentation testing and atomic force microscopy imaging were used to study the mechanical properties and surface morphology of the specimens. No statistical differences in grain size were found between age groups, which suggested that the nanostructure of trabeculae in the femoral heads of postmenopausal women cannot be used to predict age-related bone loss and fracture risk. Mechanical properties in the longitudinal direction deteriorated more quickly than those in the transverse direction for the whole femoral head. Comparisons between layers showed a higher deterioration rate with aging in the anterior layer than in other layers. In different regions, mechanical properties of the medial and lateral regions deteriorated more quickly than those in the three other regions, and deterioration in the longitudinal direction was more serious than that in the transverse direction. The regional deterioration patterns and material properties with aging observed in this study contribute to an understanding of the age-related fracture mechanism and provide a basis for predicting age-related fracture risk and decreasing early fixation failure in the proximal femur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazi Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - He Gong
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Traumatic Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
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Cole HA, Ohba T, Ichikawa J, Nyman JS, Cates JMM, Haro H, Schwartz HS, Schoenecker JG. Micro-computed tomography derived anisotropy detects tumor provoked deviations in bone in an orthotopic osteosarcoma murine model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97381. [PMID: 24892952 PMCID: PMC4043681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiographic imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Currently, computed-tomography (CT) is used to measure tumor-induced osteolysis as a marker for tumor growth by monitoring the bone fractional volume. As most tumors primarily induce osteolysis, lower bone fractional volume has been found to correlate with tumor aggressiveness. However, osteosarcoma is an exception as it induces osteolysis and produces mineralized osteoid simultaneously. Given that competent bone is highly anisotropic (systematic variance in its architectural order renders its physical properties dependent on direction of load) and that tumor induced osteolysis and osteogenesis are structurally disorganized relative to competent bone, we hypothesized that μCT-derived measures of anisotropy could be used to qualitatively and quantitatively detect osteosarcoma provoked deviations in bone, both osteolysis and osteogenesis, in vivo. We tested this hypothesis in a murine model of osteosarcoma cells orthotopically injected into the tibia. We demonstrate that, in addition to bone fractional volume, μCT-derived measure of anisotropy is a complete and accurate method to monitor osteosarcoma-induced osteolysis. Additionally, we found that unlike bone fractional volume, anisotropy could also detect tumor-induced osteogenesis. These findings suggest that monitoring tumor-induced changes in the structural property isotropy of the invaded bone may represent a novel means of diagnosing primary and metastatic bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Cole
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tetsuro Ohba
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jiro Ichikawa
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jeffry S. Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Justin M. M. Cates
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Herbert S. Schwartz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jonathan G. Schoenecker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chang G, Honig S, Brown R, Deniz CM, Egol KA, Babb JS, Regatte RR, Rajapakse CS. Finite element analysis applied to 3-T MR imaging of proximal femur microarchitecture: lower bone strength in patients with fragility fractures compared with control subjects. Radiology 2014; 272:464-74. [PMID: 24689884 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14131926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the feasibility of using finite element analysis applied to 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) images of proximal femur microarchitecture for detection of lower bone strength in subjects with fragility fractures compared with control subjects without fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant. Written informed consent was obtained. Postmenopausal women with (n = 22) and without (n = 22) fragility fractures were matched for age and body mass index. All subjects underwent standard dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Images of proximal femur microarchitecture were obtained by using a high-spatial-resolution three-dimensional fast low-angle shot sequence at 3 T. Finite element analysis was applied to compute elastic modulus as a measure of strength in the femoral head and neck, Ward triangle, greater trochanter, and intertrochanteric region. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare bone mineral density T scores and elastic moduli between the groups. The relationship (R(2)) between elastic moduli and bone mineral density T scores was assessed. RESULTS Patients with fractures showed lower elastic modulus than did control subjects in all proximal femur regions (femoral head, 8.51-8.73 GPa vs 9.32-9.67 GPa; P = .04; femoral neck, 3.11-3.72 GPa vs 4.39-4.82 GPa; P = .04; Ward triangle, 1.85-2.21 GPa vs 3.98-4.13 GPa; P = .04; intertrochanteric region, 1.62-2.18 GPa vs 3.86-4.47 GPa; P = .006-.007; greater trochanter, 0.65-1.21 GPa vs 1.96-2.62 GPa; P = .01-.02), but no differences in bone mineral density T scores. There were weak relationships between elastic moduli and bone mineral density T scores in patients with fractures (R(2) = 0.25-0.31, P = .02-.04), but not in control subjects. CONCLUSION Finite element analysis applied to high-spatial-resolution 3-T MR images of proximal femur microarchitecture can allow detection of lower elastic modulus, a marker of bone strength, in subjects with fragility fractures compared with control subjects. MR assessment of proximal femur strength may provide information about bone quality that is not provided by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Chang
- From the Department of Radiology, Center for Musculoskeletal Care (G.C.), Osteoporosis Center, Hospital for Joint Diseases (S.H.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases (K.A.E.), and Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging (G.C., R.B., C.M.D., J.S.B., R.R.R.), NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016; and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA (C.S.R.)
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