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Zhu D, Wang X, Xi Z, Chen K, Feng Y, Zi C, Pan Z, Ma X, Zeng X, Feng H, Guo D. Diet influences knee osteoarthritis osteophyte formation via gut microbiota and serum metabolites. iScience 2024; 27:110111. [PMID: 38957790 PMCID: PMC11217616 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteophyte formation, a key indicator of osteoarthritis (OA) severity, remains poorly understood in its relation to gut microbiota and metabolites in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). We conducted 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics on fecal and serum samples from 20 healthy volunteers, 80 KOA patients in Guangdong, and 100 in Inner Mongolia, respectively. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified 3 genera and 5 serum metabolites associated with KOA osteophyte formation. Blautia abundance negatively correlated with meat, cheese, and bean consumption. The 5 serum metabolites negatively correlated with dairy, beef, cheese, sugar, and salt intake, yet positively with age and oil consumption. Higher Blautia levels in the gut may contribute to KOA osteophyte formation, with serum metabolites LTB4 and PGD2 potentially serving as biomarkers. KOA patients in Inner Mongolia exhibited lower Blautia levels and reduced expression of 5 serum metabolites, possibly due to cheese consumption habits, resulting in less osteophyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhu
- Guangdong Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiaochao Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Zhihui Xi
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Kunling Chen
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yatian Feng
- Rehabilitation department, The Second People’s Hospital of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510450, China
| | - Chunjian Zi
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Zhijian Pan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Xiaolong Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Huolun Feng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Da Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
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Najar M, Alsabri SG, Guedi GG, Merimi M, Lavoie F, Grabs D, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Benderdour M, Fahmi H. Role of epigenetics and the transcription factor Sp1 in the expression of the D prostanoid receptor 1 in human cartilage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1256998. [PMID: 38099292 PMCID: PMC10720455 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1256998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
D prostanoid receptor 1 (DP1), a prostaglandin D2 receptor, plays a central role in the modulation of inflammation and cartilage metabolism. We have previously shown that activation of DP1 signaling downregulated catabolic responses in cultured chondrocytes and was protective in mouse osteoarthritis (OA). However, the mechanisms underlying its transcriptional regulation in cartilage remained poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the human DP1 promoter and the role of DNA methylation in DP1 expression in chondrocytes. In addition, we analyzed the expression level and methylation status of the DP1 gene promoter in normal and OA cartilage. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis analyses identified a minimal promoter region (-250/-120) containing three binding sites for specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Binding of Sp1 to the DP1 promoter was confirmed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Treatment with the Sp1 inhibitor mithramycin A reduced DP1 promoter activity and DP1 mRNA expression. Inhibition of DNA methylation by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine upregulated DP1 expression, and in vitro methylation reduced the DP1 promoter activity. Neither the methylation status of the DP1 promoter nor the DP1 expression level were different between normal and OA cartilage. In conclusion, our results suggest that the transcription factor Sp1 and DNA methylation are important determinants of DP1 transcription regulation. They also suggest that the methylation status and expression level of DP1 are not altered in OA cartilage. These findings will improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of DP1 transcription and may facilitate the development of intervention strategies involving DP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sami G. Alsabri
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gadid G. Guedi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Lavoie
- Departement of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Detlev Grabs
- Research Unit in Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Benderdour
- Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Peng J, Tang W, Rawson J, Miao L, Gonzalez N, Yin R, Chen J, Ji M, Li Z, Gao A, Wu AZ, Shively JE, Kandeel F, Li J. One-Step Automatic Radiosynthesis and Evaluation of [ 18F]TM-30089 as GPR44 Radiotracer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1480. [PMID: 37895951 PMCID: PMC10610095 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a G-protein coupled receptor 44 (GPR44) was discovered to play a significant role in the process of inflammation-related diseases, including cancer and diabetes. However, the precise role of GPR44 has yet to be fully elucidated. Currently, there is a strong and urgent need for the development of GPR44 radiotracers as a non-invasive methodology to explore the exact mechanism of GPR44 on inflammation-related diseases and monitor the progress of therapy. TM-30089 is a potent GPR44 antagonist that exhibits a high specificity and selectivity for GPR44. Its structure contains a fluorine nuclide, which could potentially be replaced with 18F. In the present study, we successfully took a highly effective synthesis strategy that pretreated the unprotected carboxylic acid group of the precursor and developed a feasible one-step automatic radiosynthesis strategy for [18F]TM-30089 with a high radiochemical purity and a good radiochemical yield. We further evaluated this radiotracer using mice models implanted with 1.1 B4 cell lines (GPR44-enriched cell lines) and human islets (high GPR44 expression), respectively. The results revealed the persistent and specific uptake of [18F]TM-30089 in GPR44 region, indicating that [18F]TM-30089 is a promising candidate for targeting GPR44. Further evaluation is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Peng
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lynn Miao
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Nelson Gonzalez
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Runkai Yin
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Melinda Ji
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Anna Gao
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Andy Z. Wu
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John E. Shively
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Yin R, Huang KX, Huang LA, Ji M, Zhao H, Li K, Gao A, Chen J, Li Z, Liu T, Shively JE, Kandeel F, Li J. Indole-Based and Cyclopentenylindole-Based Analogues Containing Fluorine Group as Potential 18F-Labeled Positron Emission Tomography (PET) G-Protein Coupled Receptor 44 (GPR44) Tracers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1203. [PMID: 37765011 PMCID: PMC10534865 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, growing evidence of the relationship between G-protein coupled receptor 44 (GPR44) and the inflammation-cancer system has garnered tremendous interest, while the exact role of GPR44 has not been fully elucidated. Currently, there is a strong and urgent need for the development of non-invasive in vivo GPR44 positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers that can be used to aid the exploration of the relationship between inflammation and tumor biologic behavior. Accordingly, the choosing and radiolabeling of existing GPR44 antagonists containing a fluorine group could serve as a viable method to accelerate PET tracers development for in vivo imaging to this purpose. The present study aims to evaluate published (2000-present) indole-based and cyclopentenyl-indole-based analogues of the GPR44 antagonist to guide the development of fluorine-18 labeled PET tracers that can accurately detect inflammatory processes. The selected analogues contained a crucial fluorine nuclide and were characterized for various properties including binding affinity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile. Overall, 26 compounds with favorable to strong binding properties were identified. This review highlights the potential of GPR44 analogues for the development of PET tracers to study inflammation and cancer development and ultimately guide the development of targeted clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkai Yin
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kelly X. Huang
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lina A. Huang
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Melinda Ji
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hanyi Zhao
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kathy Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Anna Gao
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tianxiong Liu
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John E. Shively
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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The role of some lipids and their metabolites in programmed cell death (lipoapoptosis). ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipoapoptosis signaling pathways has expanded considerably. However, many mechanisms of apoptosis induction by lipids as well as molecules mediating intracellular and systemic signals belonging to AOS/enzyme-dependent phospholipid metabolites are not completely clear.This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms of apoptotic cell death induction by some lipid molecules. Literature search was performed in the database “PubMed”, “eLIBRARY” using key words: “apoptosis”, “lipids”, “fatty acids”, “eicosanoids”, “reactive oxygen species”.A brief characterization of the signaling pathways of apoptosis is given. The role of reactive oxygen species and their dependent products of lipid peroxidation in the regulation of the main signaling pathways of apoptosis are shown. Particular attention is paid to the product of phospholipid metabolism – 4-hydroxynonenal.Pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of some prostaglandins are demonstrated. Arguments are presented that prostaglandins of series J and D are pro-apoptotic in most cells, and this effect depends on activation of the prostanoid receptor DP2 and on reduction of AKT kinase activity. In contrast, the E-series prostaglandins and hydroxyecosatetraenoic acid act opposite to the J-series and D-series prostaglandins, reducing apoptosis by activating AKT and increasing Bcl-2 protein expression.The role of individual fatty acids involved in the initiation and transduction of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals is assessed. It was shown that saturated fatty acids have the maximum damaging potential than their unsaturated counterparts. An in-depth understanding and deciphering of the mechanisms by which lipids and their metabolites modulate the activation of signaling pathways of programmed cell death can help to develop therapeutic strategies to prevent a number of diseases associated with impaired regulation of apoptosis.
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Wang Z, Qi G, Li Z, Cui X, Guo S, Zhang Y, Cai P, Wang X. Effects of urolithin A on osteoclast differentiation induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand via bone morphogenic protein 2. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5064-5078. [PMID: 35164658 PMCID: PMC8974137 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2036893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A (UA) is an intestinal microbial metabolite derived from ellagitannins and a promising agent for treating osteoarthritis. However, its effects on osteoporosis are unclear. This study explored the effects of urolithin A (UA) on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclasts and its underlying molecular mechanisms. RANKL treatment significantly increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) or osteoclast marker levels (P < 0.05), while adding UA decreased the RANKL-induced levels (P < 0.05) in RAW264.7 cells. Total RNA isolated from RANKL- or RANKL + UA-treated cells was sequenced, and the obtained transcriptome dataset revealed 2,399 differentially expressed genes. They were enriched in multiple pathways involved in rheumatoid arthritis, ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, regulation of inflammatory response, ECM-receptor interactions, and TNF signaling. Scanning electron microscopy showed that RANKL promoted bone resorption pits in bone biopsy specimens, whereas UA inhibited their formation. When bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) was shRNA-silenced, the bone resorption pits were restored. Moreover, while RANKL significantly enhanced the levels of p-ERK2/ERK2, p-p38/p38, p-Akt1/Akt1, p-ERK1/ERK1, and osteoclast-related proteins (P < 0.05), UA reduced them. BMP2 silencing also reversed the UA inhibitory effect. Thus, UA represses the RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells by regulating Akt1, p38, and ERK1/2 signaling, and BMP2 likely reverses the UA inhibitory effect via these pathways. We propose BMP2 as a potential drug target for treating bone metabolic diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guobin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuokai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Ouhaddi Y, Najar M, Paré F, Lussier B, Urade Y, Benderdour M, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Fahmi H. L-PGDS deficiency accelerated the development of naturally occurring age-related osteoarthritis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24778-24797. [PMID: 33361529 PMCID: PMC7803483 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder among the elderly. It is characterized by progressive cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone remodeling and pain. Lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is responsible for the biosynthesis of PGD2, which has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation and cartilage biology. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-PGDS deficiency on the development of naturally occurring age-related OA in mice. OA-like structural changes were assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and micro–computed tomography. Pain related behaviours were assessed using the von Frey and the open-field assays. L-PGDS deletion promoted cartilage degradation during aging, which was associated with enhanced expression of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP-13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5), and their breakdown products, C1,2C, VDIPEN and NITEG. Moreover, L-PGDS deletion enhanced subchondral bone changes, but had no effect on its angiogenesis. Additionally, L-PGDS deletion increased mechanical sensitivity and reduced spontaneous locomotor activity. Finally, we showed that the expression of L-PGDS was elevated in aged mice. Together, these findings indicate an important role for L-PGDS in naturally occurring age-related OA. They also suggest that L-PGDS may constitute a new efficient therapeutic target in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Ouhaddi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Frédéric Paré
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Science, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Mohamed Benderdour
- Research Centre, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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Najar M, Ouhaddi Y, Paré F, Lussier B, Urade Y, Kapoor M, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Benderdour M, Fahmi H. Role of Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase in Experimental Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1524-1533. [PMID: 32336048 DOI: 10.1002/art.41297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) catalyzes the formation of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2 ), which has important roles in inflammation and cartilage metabolism. We undertook this study to investigate the role of L-PGDS in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) using an experimental mouse model. METHODS Experimental OA was induced in wild-type (WT) and L-PGDS-deficient (L-PGDS-/- ) mice (n = 10 per genotype) by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Cartilage degradation was evaluated by histology. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Bone changes were determined by micro-computed tomography. Cartilage explants from L-PGDS-/- and WT mice (n = 6 per genotype) were treated with interleukin-1α (IL-1α) ex vivo in order to evaluate proteoglycan degradation. Moreover, the effect of intraarticular injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2/5 (rAAV2/5) encoding L-PGDS on OA progression was evaluated in WT mice (n = 9 per group). RESULTS Compared to WT mice, L-PGDS-/- mice had exacerbated cartilage degradation and enhanced expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, L-PGDS-/- mice displayed increased synovitis and subchondral bone changes (P < 0.05). Cartilage explants from L-PGDS-/- mice showed enhanced proteoglycan degradation following treatment with IL-1α (P < 0.05). Intraarticular injection of rAAV2/5 encoding L-PGDS attenuated the severity of DMM-induced OA-like changes in WT mice (P < 0.05). The L-PGDS level was increased in OA tissues of WT mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggest a protective role of L-PGDS in OA, and therefore enhancing levels of L-PGDS may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Center and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yassine Ouhaddi
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Center and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Paré
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Center and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Mohit Kapoor
- The Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Center and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Center and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Hassan Fahmi
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Center and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Song J, Chen Y, He D, Tan W, Lv F, Liang B, Xia T, Li J. Astragalus Polysaccharide Promotes Adriamycin-Induced Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2405-2414. [PMID: 32280276 PMCID: PMC7131994 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s237146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a common Chinese herbal compound extracted from Astragalus membranaceus, has been proposed to increase the tumour response of and stabilize chemotherapy drugs while reducing their toxicity. Here, we examined the effects of APS on apoptosis in gastric cancer (GC) cells in the presence or absence of adriamycin (0.1 µg/mL). Methods GC cells cultured in the presence or absence of adriamycin (0.1 µg/mL) were administered APS (50–200 µg/mL) for 24–72 h and subjected to an MTT assay to examine cell viability. Active caspase-3 expression and DNA fragmentation were assessed to evaluate apoptosis, and real-time PCR was used to analyse the expression levels of multidrug resistance (MDR1) genes and tumour suppressor genes. Western blot analysis was applied to detect cleaved caspase-3 and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK). Results Cellular viability was profoundly reduced by APS, and GC cell apoptosis was strongly increased by APS in a time- and dose-dependent manner; these changes may be linked to an increase in p-AMPK levels because the AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked the effects of APS. Similarly, adriamycin-induced decreases in cellular viability and apoptosis of GC cells were enhanced by APS administration. The expression of tumour suppressor genes (SEMA3F, P21WAF1/CIP1, FBXW7), but not of MDR1, was increased by APS compared to the control, and p-AMPK levels were lower in adriamycin-resistant GC cells than in either adriamycin-sensitive GC cells or an immortalized human gastric epithelial cell line. Conclusion APS induces apoptosis independently and strengthens the proapoptotic effect of adriamycin on GC cells, suggesting that APS may act as a chemotherapeutic sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Youming Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghong He
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Tan
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Lv
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Liang
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Involvement of Metabolic Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Apoptosis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030402. [PMID: 32150849 PMCID: PMC7175142 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the physiological mechanism of cell death and can be modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors, including stress and metabolic alterations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as ROS-dependent lipid peroxidation products (including isoprostanes and reactive aldehydes including 4-hydroxynonenal) are proapoptotic factors. These mediators can activate apoptosis via mitochondrial-, receptor-, or ER stress-dependent pathways. Phospholipid metabolism is also an essential regulator of apoptosis, producing the proapoptotic prostaglandins of the PGD and PGJ series, as well as the antiapoptotic prostaglandins of the PGE series, but also 12-HETE and 20-HETE. The effect of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids on apoptosis depends on cell type-specific differences. Cells where cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is the dominant cannabinoid receptor, as well as cells with high cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, undergo apoptosis after the administration of cannabinoids. In contrast, in cells where CB2 receptors dominate, and cells with low COX activity, cannabinoids act in a cytoprotective manner. Therefore, cell type-specific differences in the pro- and antiapoptotic effects of lipids and their (oxidative) products might reveal new options for differential bioanalysis between normal, functional, and degenerating or malignant cells, and better integrative biomedical treatments of major stress-associated diseases.
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11
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Lu N, Malemud CJ. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase: A Regulator of Cell Growth, Inflammation, Chondrocyte and Bone Cell Receptor-Mediated Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153792. [PMID: 31382554 PMCID: PMC6696446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family of signaling molecules. ERK is predominantly found in two forms, ERK1 (p44) and ERK2 (p42), respectively. There are also several atypical forms of ERK, including ERK3, ERK4, ERK5 and ERK7. The ERK1/2 signaling pathway has been implicated in many and diverse cellular events, including proliferation, growth, differentiation, cell migration, cell survival, metabolism and transcription. ERK1/2 is activated (i.e., phosphorylated) in the cytosol and subsequently translocated to the nucleus, where it activates transcription factors including, but not limited to, ETS, c-Jun, and Fos. It is not surprising that the ERK1/2 signaling cascade has been implicated in many pathological conditions, namely, cancer, arthritis, chronic inflammation, and osteoporosis. This narrative review examines many of the cellular events in which the ERK1/2 signaling cascade plays a critical role. It is anticipated that agents designed to inhibit ERK1/2 activation or p-ERK1/2 activity will be developed for the treatment of those diseases characterized by dysregulated gene expression through ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charles J Malemud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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12
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Lee K, Seo I, Choi MH, Jeong D. Roles of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Osteoclast Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103004. [PMID: 30275408 PMCID: PMC6213329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone undergoes continuous remodeling, which is homeostatically regulated by concerted communication between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-degrading osteoclasts. Multinucleated giant osteoclasts are the only specialized cells that degrade or resorb the organic and inorganic bone components. They secrete proteases (e.g., cathepsin K) that degrade the organic collagenous matrix and establish localized acidosis at the bone-resorbing site through proton-pumping to facilitate the dissolution of inorganic mineral. Osteoporosis, the most common bone disease, is caused by excessive bone resorption, highlighting the crucial role of osteoclasts in intact bone remodeling. Signaling mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, has been recognized to be critical for normal osteoclast differentiation and activation. Various exogenous (e.g., toll-like receptor agonists) and endogenous (e.g., growth factors and inflammatory cytokines) stimuli contribute to determining whether MAPKs positively or negatively regulate osteoclast adhesion, migration, fusion and survival, and osteoclastic bone resorption. In this review, we delineate the unique roles of MAPKs in osteoclast metabolism and provide an overview of the upstream regulators that activate or inhibit MAPKs and their downstream targets. Furthermore, we discuss the current knowledge about the differential kinetics of ERK, JNK, and p38, and the crosstalk between MAPKs in osteoclast metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Korea.
| | - Incheol Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Korea.
| | - Mun Hwan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Korea.
| | - Daewon Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Korea.
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13
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Peinhaupt M, Roula D, Theiler A, Sedej M, Schicho R, Marsche G, Sturm EM, Sabroe I, Rothenberg ME, Heinemann A. DP1 receptor signaling prevents the onset of intrinsic apoptosis in eosinophils and functions as a transcriptional modulator. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:159-171. [PMID: 29607536 PMCID: PMC6032830 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma1017-404r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is the ligand for the G-protein coupled receptors DP1 (D-type prostanoid receptor 1) and DP2 (also known as chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule, expressed on Th2 cells; CRTH2). Both, DP1 and DP2 are expressed on the cellular surface of eosinophils; although it has become quite clear that PGD2 induces eosinophil migration mainly via DP2 receptors, the role of DP1 in eosinophil responses has remained elusive. In this study, we addressed how DP1 receptor signaling complements the pro-inflammatory effects of DP2. We found that PGD2 prolongs the survival of eosinophils via a DP1 receptor-mediated mechanism that inhibits the onset of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. The DP1 agonist BW245c prevented the activation of effector caspases in eosinophils and protected mitochondrial membranes from depolarization which-as a consequence-sustained viability of eosinophils. DP1 activation in eosinophils enhanced the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-XL , but also induced pro-inflammatory genes, such as VLA-4 and CCR3. In HEK293 cells that overexpress recombinant DP1 and/or DP2 receptors, activation of DP1, but not DP2, delayed cell death and stimulated proliferation, along with induction of serum response element (SRE), a regulator of anti-apoptotic, early-response genes. We conclude that DP1 receptors promote the survival via SRE induction and induction of pro-inflammatory genes. Therefore, targeting DP1 receptors, along with DP2, may contribute to anti-inflammatory therapy in eosinophilic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peinhaupt
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - David Roula
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Theiler
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Sedej
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M Sturm
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ian Sabroe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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14
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Prostaglandin D2-Mediated DP2 and AKT Signal Regulate the Activation of Androgen Receptors in Human Dermal Papilla Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020556. [PMID: 29439547 PMCID: PMC5855778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (DP2) is known to be an important factor in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, the effect of PGD2 in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) is not fully understood. The function of PGD2-induced expression of the androgen receptor (AR), DP2, and AKT (protein kinase B) signal were examined by using real time-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry (ICC), and siRNA transfection system. PGD2 stimulated AR expression and AKT signaling through DP2. PGD2 stimulated AR related factors (transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), Creb, lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1), and insulin-like growth factor 1, (IGF-1)) and AKT signaling (GSK3β and Creb) on the AR expression in hDPCs. However, these factors were down-regulated by DP2 antagonist (TM30089) and AKT inhibitor (LY294002) as well as DP2 knockdown in hDPCs decreased AR expression and AKT signaling. Finally, we confirmed that PGD2 stimulates the expression of AR related target genes, and that AKT and its downstream substrates are involved in AR expression on hDPCs. Taken together, our data suggest that PGD2 promotes AR and AKT signal via DP2 in hDPCs, thus, PGD2 and DP2 signal plays a critical role in AR expression. These findings support the additional explanation for the development of AGA involving PGD2-DP2 in hDPCs.
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15
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Jandl K, Heinemann A. The therapeutic potential of CRTH2/DP2 beyond allergy and asthma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:42-48. [PMID: 28818625 PMCID: PMC7612073 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 has been in the focus of research for quite a long time, but its biological effects and its roles in human disease are still not fully characterized. When in 2001 a second major PGD2 receptor termed chemoattractant receptor homologue expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2; alternative name DP2) was discovered, diverse investigations started to shed more light on the complex and often controversial actions of the prostaglandin. With various immunomodulating effects, such as induction of migration, activation, and cytokine release of leukocytes observed both in vivo and in vitro, CRTH2 has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of allergic diseases. However, with more and more research being performed on CRTH2, it has also become clear that its biological actions are far more diverse than expected at the beginning. In this review, we aim to summarize the roles that PGD2 - and CRTH2 in particular - might play in diseases of the central nervous system, kidney, intestine, lung, hair and skin, bone and cartilage, and in cancer. Based on current data we propose that blocking CRTH2 might be a potential therapeutic approach to numerous conditions beyond classical allergic diseases and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Austria.
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16
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Koyani CN, Kitz K, Rossmann C, Bernhart E, Huber E, Trummer C, Windischhofer W, Sattler W, Malle E. Activation of the MAPK/Akt/Nrf2-Egr1/HO-1-GCLc axis protects MG-63 osteosarcoma cells against 15d-PGJ2-mediated cell death. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 104:29-41. [PMID: 26801686 PMCID: PMC4782222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts to improve treatment modalities for osteosarcoma (OS), patient survival remains poor mainly due to pro-survival pathways in OS cells. Among others, prostaglandins (PGs) are the potent regulators of bone homoeostasis and OS pathophysiology. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the impact of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2, a stable PGD2 degradation product) on cell death/cell survival pathways in p53-deficient MG-63 OS cells. Our findings show that 15d-PGJ2 induces generation of reactive oxygen species that promote p38 MAPK activation and subsequent Akt phosphorylation. This pathway induced nuclear expression of Nrf2 and Egr1, and increased transcription of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLc), catalysing the first step in GSH synthesis. Silencing of Nrf2, Egr1 and HO-1 significantly elevated 15d-PGJ2-mediated reduction of cellular metabolic activity. Activation of cell survival genes including HO-1 and GCLc inhibited 15d-PGJ2-induced cleavage of pro-caspase-3 and PARP. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining showed an increase in early/late apoptotic cells in response to 15d-PGJ2. The observed 15d-PGJ2-mediated signalling events are independent of PGD2 receptors (DP1 and DP2) and PPARγ. In addition, the electrophilic carbon atom C9 is a prerequisite for the observed activity of 15d-PGJ2. The present data show that the intracellular redox imbalance acted as a node and triggered both death and survival pathways in response to 15d-PGJ2. Pharmacological or genetic interference of the pro-survival pathway, the p38 MAPK/Akt/Nrf2-Egr1/HO-1-GCLc axis, sensitizes MG-63 cells towards 15d-PGJ2-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan N Koyani
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kerstin Kitz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Research Unit of Osteological Research and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Rossmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Evelyn Huber
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Research Unit of Osteological Research and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher Trummer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Windischhofer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Research Unit of Osteological Research and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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17
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Wu Y, Qi Y, Liu H, Wang X, Zhu H, Wang Z. AMPK activator AICAR promotes 5-FU-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:299-305. [PMID: 26497305 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of AICAR, an AMPK activator, on apoptosis in gastric carcinoma cells (SGC-7901) with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). SGC-7901 cells were treated with AICAR (0.2-5 mM, for 24-48 h) with or without 5-FU. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay, while apoptosis were measured through the evaluation of active caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the expression of tumor suppressor and multi-drug resistant (mdr1) gene. Cleaved caspase-3 and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) were measured by Western blot. AICAR significant reduced cellular viability but increased apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which is associated with an increase in p-AMPK levels. Importantly, AICAR enhanced the sensitivity to 5-FU-induced reduction of cellular viability and increased apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore, AICAR increased tumor suppressor genes [F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7), semaphorin III/F (SEMA3F), and p21(Cip1) (p21)] but reduced mdr1 expression. Finally, p-AMPK levels were reduced in 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer cells compared to human immortalized gastric epithelial cell line and 5-FU-sensitive gastric cancer cells. AICAR not only induces apoptosis alone but also enhances pro-apoptotic effect of 5-FU in SGC-7901 cells, which lays an experimental foundation to develop AICAR as a chemotherapeutic sensitizer against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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