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Kanno Y. The Roles of Fibrinolytic Factors in Bone Destruction Caused by Inflammation. Cells 2024; 13:516. [PMID: 38534360 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, periodontitis, and carcinoma metastasis frequently result in bone destruction. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-17 are known to influence bone loss by promoting the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. Fibrinolytic factors, such as plasminogen (Plg), plasmin, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), α2-antiplasmin (α2AP), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are expressed in osteoclasts and osteoblasts and are considered essential in maintaining bone homeostasis by regulating the functions of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Additionally, fibrinolytic factors are associated with the regulation of inflammation and the immune system. This review explores the roles of fibrinolytic factors in bone destruction caused by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kanno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Kodo Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
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Kanno Y, Shu E. α2-Antiplasmin as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Systemic Sclerosis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030396. [PMID: 35330147 PMCID: PMC8953682 DOI: 10.3390/life12030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease of unknown origin that is characterized by immune system abnormalities, vascular damage, and extensive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. α2-antiplasmin is known to be the main plasmin inhibitor and has various functions such as cell differentiation and cytokine production, as well as the regulation of the maintenance of the immune system, endothelial homeostasis, and extracellular matrix metabolism. The expression of α2-antiplasmin is elevated in dermal fibroblasts from systemic sclerosis patients, and the blockade of α2-antiplasmin suppresses fibrosis progression and vascular dysfunction in systemic sclerosis model mice. α2-antiplasmin may have promise as a potential therapeutic target for systemic sclerosis. This review considers the role of α2-antiplasmin in the progression of systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kanno
- Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Kodo Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+81-0774-65-8629
| | - En Shu
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
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Kawao N, Iemura S, Kawaguchi M, Mizukami Y, Takafuji Y, Kaji H. Role of irisin in effects of chronic exercise on muscle and bone in ovariectomized mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:547-557. [PMID: 33566209 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Skeletal muscle affects other tissues via myokines, the release of which is regulated by acute exercise. However, the effects of chronic exercise on myokines linking muscle to bone have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chronic exercise on bone and myokines using ovariectomized (OVX) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Treadmill exercise with moderate intensity was performed for 8 weeks after OVX or sham surgery. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) at the femurs and tibias of mice by quantitative computed tomography and myokine mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. RESULTS Treadmill exercise ameliorated decreases in trabecular and cortical BMD in the femurs of OVX mice. Irisin is a proteolytic product of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fndc5). Among the myokines examined, treadmill exercise increased irisin protein and Fndc5 mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of sham and OVX mice. Treadmill exercise increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice. Fndc5 mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius muscles positively correlated with trabecular BMD, but not with cortical BMD, at the femurs and tibias of mice in simple regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that chronic exercise elevated irisin expression in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of estrogen-deficient mice. Irisin might be related to increases in trabecular BMD in mice; however, further studies are needed to clarify the involvement of irisin in the effects of chronic exercise on muscle/bone interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Shunki Iemura
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Miku Kawaguchi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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Okada K, Nishioka M, Kaji H. Roles of fibrinolytic factors in the alterations in bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells during bone repair. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:22. [PMID: 32944096 PMCID: PMC7493393 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In bone tissues, metabolic turnover through bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, termed bone remodeling, is strictly controlled and maintains homeostasis. Fibrinolytic factors are expressed in osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and are involved in bone remodeling through bone resorption and formation. The repair/regeneration process after bone injury is divided into the acute inflammatory, repair, and remodeling stages. Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and macrophages involved in the bone repair process originate from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow. Therefore, stem cells in the bone marrow may be strongly influenced by bone injury. The urokinase-type PA (u-PA)/plasminogen (Plg) system functions in macrophage accumulation/phagocytosis through chemokines in the acute inflammatory stage, and Plg increases blood vessel-related growth factor expression, being involved in vascularization in mice. Plasminogen activator inhivitor-1 (PAI-1) causes bone loss and delayed bone repair through the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation in a drug-induced diabetes model in mice. Plg is considered to induce transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production in macrophages in the bone repair process, TGF-β release from the extracellular matrix through the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expression in endosteal preosteoblasts, leading to the induction of bone marrow HSPCs in mice. Based on the above, establishment of a fibrinolytic factor-targeting method efficiently promoting bone repair/regeneration and fracture healing, and development of a new osteoporosis treatment method and diagnostic marker are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Arts and Science, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511 Japan.,Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511 Japan
| | - Minoru Nishioka
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511 Japan
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Kanno Y, Miyashita M, Seishima M, Matsuo O. α2AP is associated with the development of lupus nephritis through the regulation of plasmin inhibition and inflammatory responses. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:267-278. [PMID: 32237065 PMCID: PMC7416015 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is a chronic autoimmune disease. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this disorder have remained unclear. Alpha2‐antiplasmin (α2AP) is known to perform various functions, such as plasmin inhibition and cytokine production, and to be associated with immune and inflammatory responses. Methods We investigated the roles of α2AP in the pathogenesis of LN using a pristane‐induced lupus mouse model. Results The levels of plasmin‐α2AP complex and α2AP were elevated in the lupus model mice. In addition, α2AP deficiency attenuated the pristane‐induced glomerular cell proliferation, mesangial matrix expansion, collagen production, fibrin deposition, immunoglobulin G deposition, and proinflammatory cytokine production in the model mice. We also showed that interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), which is an essential inducer of LN, induced α2AP production through the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in fibroblasts. In addition, plasmin attenuated the IFN‐γ‐induced proinflammatory cytokine production through the AMPK pathway in macrophages, and α2AP eliminated these effects. Furthermore, we showed that α2AP induced proinflammatory cytokine production through the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways in macrophages. Conclusion α2AP regulates the inflammatory responses through plasmin inhibition and proinflammatory cytokine production and is associated with the development of LN. Our findings may be used to develop a novel therapeutic approach for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kanno
- Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mei Miyashita
- Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Seishima
- Department of Dermatology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Iemura S, Kawao N, Okumoto K, Akagi M, Kaji H. Role of irisin in androgen-deficient muscle wasting and osteopenia in mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:161-171. [PMID: 31494773 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deficiency plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of male osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Myokines have recently been identified as humoral factors that are involved in the interactions between muscle and bone; however, the influence of androgen deficiency on these interactions remains unclear. Therefore, we herein investigated the roles of humoral factors linking muscle to bone using orchidectomized mice with sarcopenia and osteopenia. Orchidectomy (ORX) significantly reduced muscle mass, grip strength, and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) in mice. Among the myokines examined, ORX only significantly reduced fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fndc5) mRNA levels in both the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of mice. In simple regression analyses, Fndc5 mRNA levels in the soleus muscle positively correlated with trabecular BMD, but not cortical BMD. The administration of irisin, a product of Fndc5, significantly protected against the decrease induced in trabecular BMD, but not muscle mass, by androgen deficiency in mice. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that androgen deficiency decreases the expression of irisin in the skeletal muscle of mice. Irisin may be involved in muscle/bone relationships negatively affected by androgen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunki Iemura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masao Akagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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Kanno Y. The Role of Fibrinolytic Regulators in Vascular Dysfunction of Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030619. [PMID: 30709025 PMCID: PMC6387418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease of autoimmune origin characterized by vascular dysfunction and extensive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. Vascular dysfunction is caused by endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis, defective angiogenesis, defective vasculogenesis, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), and coagulation abnormalities, and exacerbates the disease. Fibrinolytic regulators, such as plasminogen (Plg), plasmin, α2-antiplasmin (α2AP), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and angiostatin, are considered to play an important role in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis, and are associated with the endothelial dysfunction of SSc. This review considers the roles of fibrinolytic factors in vascular dysfunction of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kanno
- Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Kodo Kyo-tanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan.
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Jin G, Aobulikasimu A, Piao J, Aibibula Z, Koga D, Sato S, Ochi H, Tsuji K, Nakabayashi T, Miyata T, Okawa A, Asou Y. A small-molecule PAI-1 inhibitor prevents bone loss by stimulating bone formation in a murine estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis model. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:523-532. [PMID: 29632806 PMCID: PMC5881535 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Recently, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was shown to play an important role in bone metabolism using PAI-1-deficient mice. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic benefits of novel, orally available small-molecule PAI-1 inhibitor (iPAI-1) in an estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis model. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J female mice were divided into three groups: a sham + vehicle (Sham), ovariectomy + vehicle (OVX + v), and OVX + iPAI-1 (OVX + i) group. iPAI-1 was administered orally each day for 6 weeks starting the day after the operation. Six weeks of iPAI-1 treatment prevented OVX-induced trabecular bone loss in both the femoral bone and lumbar spine. Bone formation activity was significantly higher in the OVX + i group than in the OVX + v and Sham groups. Unexpectedly, OVX-induced osteoclastogenesis was partially, but significantly reduced. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses indicated that the number of bone marrow stromal cells was higher in the OVX + i group than that in the OVX + v group. A colony-forming unit-osteoblast assay indicated enhanced mineralized nodule formation activity in bone marrow cells isolated from iPAI-1-treated animals. Bone marrow ablation analysis indicated that the remodeled trabecular bone volume was significantly higher in the iPAI-1-treated group than that in the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest PAI-1 blockade via a small-molecule inhibitor is a new therapeutic approach for the anabolic treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Jin
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yanbian University Hospital Yanji City Jilin Province China
| | | | - Jinying Piao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Japan
| | - Zulipiya Aibibula
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Japan
| | - Daisuke Koga
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration Tokyo Medical and Dental University Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakabayashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapy United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Miyagi Japan
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapy United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Miyagi Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Japan
| | - Yoshinori Asou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Japan
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Moritake A, Kawao N, Okada K, Tatsumi K, Ishida M, Okumoto K, Matsuo O, Akagi M, Kaji H. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency enhances subchondral osteopenia after induction of osteoarthritis in mice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:392. [PMID: 28893232 PMCID: PMC5594514 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subchondral osteopenia is important for the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). Although previous studies suggest that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, is related to bone metabolism, its role in OA remains unknown. We therefore investigated the roles of PAI-1 in the subchondral bone in OA model mice. METHODS Wild type (WT) and PAI-1-deficient (KO) mice were ovariectomized (OVX), and then destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery was performed. RESULTS DMM and OVX significantly decreased the trabecular bone mineral density of the subchondral bone evaluated by quantitative computed tomography in PAI-1 KO mice. The effects of OVX and/or PAI-1 deficiency on the OARSI score for the evaluation of the progression of knee degeneration were not significant. PAI-1 deficiency significantly augmented receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand mRNA levels enhanced by IL-1β in mouse primary osteoblasts, although it did not affect osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, PAI-1 deficiency significantly increased osteoclast formation from mouse bone marrow cells. CONCLUSION We showed that PAI-1 deficiency accelerates the subchondral osteopenia after induction of OA in mice. PAI-1 might suppress an enhancement of bone resorption and subsequent subchondral osteopenia after induction of OA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Moritake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.,Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masao Akagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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Kanno Y, Ishisaki A, Kuretake H, Maruyama C, Matsuda A, Matsuo O. α2-antiplasmin modulates bone formation by negatively regulating osteoblast differentiation and function. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:854-858. [PMID: 28677806 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α2-antiplasmin (α2AP) is known to be a physiological inhibitor of plasmin. Previously, we showed that α2AP displays various functions, such as promotion of extracellular matrix production, cell growth, and cell differentiation that are not promoted by its function as a plasmin inhibitor. We herein investigated the role of α2AP in bone formation by examining calcein incorporation after its injection in α2AP-deficient mice. We found that α2AP deficiency enhanced the bone formation rate in mice. We also found that the osteocalcin expression and alkaline phosphatase activity were elevated in the femur and serum of the α2AP-deficient mice. Intriguingly, α2AP deficiency promoted osteoblast (OB) differentiation of primary calvarial OBs. In contrast, α2AP attenuated OB differentiation of mouse osteoblastic the MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, α2AP attenuated Wnt-3a-induced β-catenin expression and low‑density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 activation in the MC3T3-E1 cells. These results suggest that α2AP negatively affects OB differentiation and function by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings provide a basis for clinical strategies to improve various bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kanno
- Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Akira Ishisaki
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kuretake
- Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Chihiro Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Ayaka Matsuda
- Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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Kawao N, Morita H, Obata K, Tatsumi K, Kaji H. Role of follistatin in muscle and bone alterations induced by gravity change in mice. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1191-1201. [PMID: 28471505 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between muscle and bone have been recently noted. We reported that the vestibular system plays crucial roles in the changes in muscle and bone induced by hypergravity in mice. However, the details of the mechanisms by which gravity change affects muscle and bone through the vestibular system still remain unknown. Here, we investigated the roles of humoral factors linking muscle to bone and myostatin-related factors in the hypergravity-induced changes in muscle and bone in mice with vestibular lesions (VL). Hypergravity elevated serum and mRNA levels of follistatin, an endogenous inhibitor of myostatin, in the soleus muscle of mice. VL blunted the hypergravity-enhanced levels of follistatin in the soleus muscle of mice. Simulated microgravity decreased follistatin mRNA level in mouse myoblastic C2C12 cells. Follistatin elevated the mRNA levels of myogenic genes as well as the phosphorylation of Akt and p70S6 kinase in C2C12 cells. As for bone metabolism, follistatin antagonized the mRNA levels of osteogenic genes suppressed by activin A during the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblastic cells. Moreover, follistatin attenuated osteoclast formation enhanced by myostatin in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in RAW 264.7 cells. Serum follistatin levels were positively related to bone mass in mouse tibia. In conclusion, the present study provides novel evidence that hypergravity affects follistatin levels in muscle through the vestibular system in mice. Follistatin may play some roles in the interactions between muscle and bone metabolism in response to gravity change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morita
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koji Obata
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Kaji H. Adipose Tissue‐Derived Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1 Function and Regulation. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1873-1896. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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