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Mohamed FF, de Oliveira FA, Kinoshita Y, Yalamanchili RR, Eltilib LA, Andras NL, Narisawa S, Tani T, Chu EY, Millán JL, Foster BL. Dentoalveolar Alterations in an Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mouse Model. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1192-1207. [PMID: 37191192 PMCID: PMC10524958 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by kidney damage and loss of renal function. CKD mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) describes the dysregulation of mineral homeostasis, including hyperphosphatemia and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, skeletal abnormalities, and vascular calcification. CKD-MBD impacts the oral cavity, with effects including salivary gland dysfunction, enamel hypoplasia and damage, increased dentin formation, decreased pulp volume, pulp calcifications, and altered jaw bones, contributing to clinical manifestations of periodontal disease and tooth loss. Underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and CKD mouse models commonly require invasive procedures with high rates of infection and mortality. We aimed to characterize the dentoalveolar effects of an adenine diet (AD)-induced CKD (AD-CKD) mouse model. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were provided either a normal phosphorus diet control (CTR) or adenine and high-phosphorus diet CKD to induce kidney failure. Mice were euthanized at 15 weeks old, and mandibles were collected for micro-computed tomography and histology. CKD mice exhibited kidney failure, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism in association with porous cortical bone in femurs. CKD mice showed a 30% decrease in molar enamel volume compared to CTR mice. Enamel wear was associated with reduced ductal components, ectopic calcifications, and altered osteopontin (OPN) deposition in submandibular salivary glands of CKD mice. Molar cusps in CKD mice were flattened, exposing dentin. Molar dentin/cementum volume increased 7% in CKD mice and pulp volume decreased. Histology revealed excessive reactionary dentin and altered pulp-dentin extracellular matrix proteins, including increased OPN. Mandibular bone volume fraction decreased 12% and bone mineral density decreased 9% in CKD versus CTR mice. Alveolar bone in CKD mice exhibited increased tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase localization, OPN deposition, and greater osteoclast numbers. AD-CKD recapitulated key aspects reported in CKD patients and revealed new insights into CKD-associated oral defects. This model has potential for studying mechanisms of dentoalveolar defects or therapeutic interventions. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma F. Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Flavia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuka Kinoshita
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Riti R. Yalamanchili
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leena A. Eltilib
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Natalie L. Andras
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sonoko Narisawa
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Tani
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emily Y. Chu
- Department of General Dentistry, Operative Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian L. Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Vahidi G, Moody M, Welhaven HD, Davidson L, Rezaee T, Behzad R, Karim L, Roggenbeck BA, Walk ST, Martin SA, June RK, Heveran CM. Germ-Free C57BL/6 Mice Have Increased Bone Mass and Altered Matrix Properties but Not Decreased Bone Fracture Resistance. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1154-1174. [PMID: 37221143 PMCID: PMC10530360 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome impacts bone mass, which implies a disruption to bone homeostasis. However, it is not yet clear how the gut microbiome affects the regulation of bone mass and bone quality. We hypothesized that germ-free (GF) mice have increased bone mass and decreased bone toughness compared with conventionally housed mice. We tested this hypothesis using adult (20- to 21-week-old) C57BL/6J GF and conventionally raised female and male mice (n = 6-10/group). Trabecular microarchitecture and cortical geometry were measured from micro-CT of the femur distal metaphysis and cortical midshaft. Whole-femur strength and estimated material properties were measured using three-point bending and notched fracture toughness. Bone matrix properties were measured for the cortical femur by quantitative back-scattered electron imaging and nanoindentation, and, for the humerus, by Raman spectroscopy and fluorescent advanced glycation end product (fAGE) assay. Shifts in cortical tissue metabolism were measured from the contralateral humerus. GF mice had reduced bone resorption, increased trabecular bone microarchitecture, increased tissue strength and decreased whole-bone strength that was not explained by differences in bone size, increased tissue mineralization and fAGEs, and altered collagen structure that did not decrease fracture toughness. We observed several sex differences in GF mice, most notably for bone tissue metabolism. Male GF mice had a greater signature of amino acid metabolism, and female GF mice had a greater signature of lipid metabolism, exceeding the metabolic sex differences of the conventional mice. Together, these data demonstrate that the GF state in C57BL/6J mice alters bone mass and matrix properties but does not decrease bone fracture resistance. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Vahidi
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering; Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717
| | - Maya Moody
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717
| | - Hope D. Welhaven
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717
| | - Leah Davidson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Idaho, Moscow ID 83844
| | - Taraneh Rezaee
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747
| | - Ramina Behzad
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747
| | - Lamya Karim
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747
| | - Barbara A. Roggenbeck
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University; Bozeman MT 59717
| | - Seth T. Walk
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University; Bozeman MT 59717
| | - Stephan A. Martin
- Translational Biomarkers Core Laboratory; Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity; Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717
| | - Ronald K. June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering; Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717
| | - Chelsea M. Heveran
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering; Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717
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3
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Mouse Models of Mineral Bone Disorders Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065325. [PMID: 36982400 PMCID: PMC10048881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) inevitably develop mineral and bone disorders (CKD–MBD), which negatively impact their survival and quality of life. For a better understanding of underlying pathophysiology and identification of novel therapeutic approaches, mouse models are essential. CKD can be induced by surgical reduction of a functional kidney mass, by nephrotoxic compounds and by genetic engineering specifically interfering with kidney development. These models develop a large range of bone diseases, recapitulating different types of human CKD–MBD and associated sequelae, including vascular calcifications. Bones are usually studied by quantitative histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and micro-CT, but alternative strategies have emerged, such as longitudinal in vivo osteoblast activity quantification by tracer scintigraphy. The results gained from the CKD–MBD mouse models are consistent with clinical observations and have provided significant knowledge on specific pathomechanisms, bone properties and potential novel therapeutic strategies. This review discusses available mouse models to study bone disease in CKD.
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Kawao N, Kawaguchi M, Ohira T, Ehara H, Mizukami Y, Takafuji Y, Kaji H. Comment on "Renail failure suppresses muscle irisin expression, and irisin blunts cortical bone loss in mice" by Kawao et al. - the authors' reply. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:661-662. [PMID: 36451538 PMCID: PMC9891966 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miku Kawaguchi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ehara
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
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Zhang G, Li Z, Li N, Shi J, Fan H, Mao H. Mechanical properties of young mice tibia in four circumferential quadrants under nanoindentation. J Biomech 2022; 144:111350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chiu HW, Hou YC, Lu CL, Lu KC, Liu WC, Shyu JF, Chang JF, Zheng CM. Cinacalcet Improves Bone Parameters Through Regulation of Osteoclast Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptotic Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:215-225. [PMID: 34633122 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The possible mechanisms underlying the quantitative and qualitative effects of cinacalcet on bone were explored in a chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) mouse model in relation to the influence of the interactions among the osteoclast (OC) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy and apoptosis pathways on OC differentiation. Body weight and biochemical parameters improved significantly in the CKD + cinacalcet groups compared to the CKD group. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) revealed both cortical and trabecular parameters deteriorated significantly in the CKD group and were reversed by cinacalcet in a dose-dependent manner. Nanoindentation analysis of bone quality proved that both cortical hardness and elastic modulus improved significantly with high dose cinacalcet treatment. In vitro studies revealed that cinacalcet inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)-induced OC differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner through a close interaction between activation of caspase-related apoptosis, reversal of OC autophagy through the protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, and attenuation of the OC ER stress/CREBH/NFATc1 signaling pathway. Cinacalcet improves both bone quantity and bone quality in CKD mouse model and inhibits OC differentiation through regulation of the interactions among the apoptosis, ER stress, and autophagy pathways within OCs. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,TMU Research Centre of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Fwu Shyu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Feng Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,TMU Research Centre of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,TMU Research Centre of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Vahidi G, Flook H, Sherk V, Mergy M, Lefcort F, Heveran CM. Bone biomechanical properties and tissue-scale bone quality in a genetic mouse model of familial dysautonomia. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:2335-2346. [PMID: 34036438 PMCID: PMC8563419 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Familial dysautonomia (FD) is associated with a high prevalence of bone fractures, but the impacts of the disease on bone mass and quality are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tissue through whole-bone scale bone quality in a mouse model of FD. METHODS Femurs from mature adult Tuba1a-Cre; Elp1LoxP/LoxP conditional knockouts (CKO) (F = 7, M = 4) and controls (F = 5, M = 6) were evaluated for whole-bone flexural material properties, trabecular microarchitecture and cortical geometry, and areal bone mineral density (BMD). Adjacent maps spanning the thickness of femur midshaft cortical bone assessed tissue-scale modulus (nanoindentation), bone mineralization, mineral maturity, and collagen secondary structure (Raman spectroscopy). RESULTS Consistent with prior studies on this mouse model, the Elp1 CKO mouse model recapitulated several key hallmarks of human FD, with one difference being the male mice tended to have a more severe phenotype than females. Deletion of Elp1 in neurons (using the neuronal-specific Tuba1a-cre) led to a significantly reduced whole-bone toughness but not strength or modulus. Elp1 CKO female mice had reduced trabecular microarchitecture (BV/TV, Tb.Th, Conn.D.) but not cortical geometry. The mutant mice also had a small but significant reduction in cortical bone nanoindentation modulus. While bone tissue mineralization and mineral maturity were not impaired, FD mice may have altered collagen secondary structure. Changes in collagen secondary structure were inversely correlated with bone toughness. BMD from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was unchanged with FD. CONCLUSION The deletion of Elp1 in neurons is sufficient to generate a mouse line which demonstrates loss of whole-bone toughness, consistent with the poor bone quality suspected in the clinical setting. The Elp1 CKO model, as with human FD, impacts the nervous system, gut, kidney function, mobility, gait, and posture. The bone quality phenotype of Elp1 CKO mice, which includes altered microarchitecture and tissue-scale material properties, is complex and likely influenced by these multisystemic changes. This mouse model may provide a useful platform to not only investigate the mechanisms responsible for bone fragility in FD, but also a powerful model system with which to evaluate potential therapeutic interventions for bone fragility in FD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vahidi
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineerings, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - H Flook
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineerings, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - V Sherk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M Mergy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - F Lefcort
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - C M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineerings, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
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8
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Sieklucka B, Pawlak D, Domaniewski T, Hermanowicz J, Lipowicz P, Doroszko M, Pawlak K. Serum PTH, PTH1R/ATF4 pathway, and the sRANKL/OPG system in bone as a new link between bone growth, cross-sectional geometry, and strength in young rats with experimental chronic kidney disease. Cytokine 2021; 148:155685. [PMID: 34411988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is associated with deregulated parathyroid hormone (PTH), growth retardation, and low bone accrual. PTH can cause both catabolic and anabolic impact on bone, and the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a downstream target gene of PTH, is related to its anabolic effect. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) are PTH-dependent cytokines, which may play an important role in the regulation of bone remodeling. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of endogenous PTH and the bone RANKL/OPG system on bone growth, cross-sectional geometry and strength utilizing young, nephrectomized rats. The parameters of cross-sectional geometry were significantly elevated in rats with CKD during the three-month experimental period compared with the controls, and they were strongly associated with serum PTH levels and the expression of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R)/ATF4 genes in bone. Low bone soluble RANKL (sRANKL) levels and sRANKL/OPG ratios were also positively correlated with cross-sectional bone geometry and femoral length. Moreover, the analyzed geometric parameters were strongly related to the biomechanical properties of femoral diaphysis. In summary, the mild increase in endogenous PTH, its anabolic PTH1R/ATF4 axis and PTH-dependent alterations in the bone RANKL/OPG system may be one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the favorable impact on bone growth, cross-sectional geometry and strength in young rats with experimental CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sieklucka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Domaniewski
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Lipowicz
- Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Doroszko
- Department of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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9
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Sherk VD, Heveran CM, Foright RM, Johnson GC, Presby DM, Ferguson VL, MacLean PS. Sex differences in the effect of diet, obesity, and exercise on bone quality and fracture toughness. Bone 2021; 145:115840. [PMID: 33418101 PMCID: PMC11313485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone fragility and obesity are both diseases that are multifactorial in etiology and pathology. The contributing role of high fat diet (HFD) versus energy overconsumption on bone health is controversial. Exercise is often prescribed for improving bone health, but it is unclear whether HFD or overconsumption influences skeletal adaptations to exercise. Female and male Wistar rats were fed HFD or low fat diet (LFD) for 10 weeks, starting at 8 weeks of age. Within HFD, rats were labeled Obesity-Resistant (OR) or Obesity-Prone (OP) based on weight and fat gain. Within each diet and phenotype group, rats were randomized to treadmill exercise or sedentary control (SED) for the final 4 weeks. Femurs were assessed for fracture toughness. Cortical lamellar and nonlamellar bone microscale material behavior and chemistry were assessed using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy. Female bones had higher fracture toughness and mineral: matrix ratio than male bones. Diet and energy overconsumption affected bone characteristics in a sex-dependent manner, where the divergence between OP and OR in response to HFD occurred more rapidly in males. Diet composition, in general, had a stronger effect on bone quality than overconsumption. HFD dramatically decreased bone size and lamellar mineral:matrix compared to LFD. Effects of short-term exercise training on microscale tissue properties were generally more robust with LFD. Exercise enhanced the contrast between lamellar and nonlamellar bone for nanoindentation modulus but decreased this contrast for plastic work. Our data demonstrate the complexities in the relationship between diet and obesity and highlight the importance of addressing both aspects when characterizing bone quality and fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Chelsea M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - David M Presby
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO; (5)BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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10
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Vahidi G, Rux C, Sherk VD, Heveran CM. Lacunar-canalicular bone remodeling: Impacts on bone quality and tools for assessment. Bone 2021; 143:115663. [PMID: 32987198 PMCID: PMC7769905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes can resorb as well as replace bone adjacent to the expansive lacunar-canalicular system (LCS). Suppressed LCS remodeling decreases bone fracture toughness, but it is unclear how altered LCS remodeling impacts bone quality. The first goal of this review is to assess how LCS remodeling impacts LCS morphology as well as the composition and mechanical properties of surrounding bone tissue. The second goal is to compare tools available for the assessment of bone quality at length-scales that are physiologically-relevant to LCS remodeling. We find that changes to LCS morphology occur in response to a variety of physiological conditions and diseases and can be classified in two general phenotypes. In the 'aging phenotype', seen in aging and in some disuse models, the LCS is truncated and osteocytes apoptosis is increased. In the 'osteocytic osteolysis' phenotype, which is adaptive in some physiological settings and possibly maladaptive in others, the LCS enlarges and osteocytes generally maintain viability. Bone composition and mechanical properties vary near the osteocyte and change with at least some conditions that alter LCS morphology. However, few studies have evaluated bone composition and mechanical properties close to the LCS and so the impacts of LCS remodeling phenotypes on bone tissue quality are still undetermined. We summarize the current understanding of how LCS remodeling impacts LCS morphology, tissue-scale bone composition and mechanical properties, and whole-bone material properties. Tools are compared for assessing tissue-scale bone properties, as well as the resolution, advantages, and limitations of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vahidi
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, United States of America
| | - C Rux
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, United States of America
| | - V D Sherk
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - C M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, United States of America.
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Pepe V, Oliviero S, Cristofolini L, Dall'Ara E. Regional Nanoindentation Properties in Different Locations on the Mouse Tibia From C57BL/6 and Balb/C Female Mice. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:478. [PMID: 32500069 PMCID: PMC7243342 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The local spatial heterogeneity of the material properties of the cortical and trabecular bone extracted from the mouse tibia is not well-known. Nevertheless, its characterization is fundamental to be able to study comprehensively the effect of interventions and to generate computational models to predict the bone strength preclinically. The goal of this study was to evaluate the nanoindentation properties of bone tissue extracted from two different mouse strains across the tibia length and in different sectors. Left tibiae were collected from four female mice, two C57BL/6, and two Balb/C mice. Nanoindentations with maximum 6 mN load were performed on different microstructures, regions along the axis of the tibiae, and sectors (379 in total). Reduced modulus (Er) and hardness (H) were computed for each indentation. Trabecular bone of Balb/C mice was 21% stiffer than that of C57BL/6 mice (20.8 ± 4.1 GPa vs. 16.5 ± 7.1 GPa). Moreover, the proximal regions of the bones were 13-36% less stiff than the mid-shaft and distal regions of the same bones. No significant differences were found for the different sectors for E r and H for Balb/C mice. The bone in the medial sector was found to be 8-14% harder and stiffer than the bone in the anterior or posterior sectors for C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, this study showed that the nanoindentation properties of the mouse tibia are heterogeneous across the tibia length and the trabecular bone properties are different between Balb/C and C57BL/6 mice. These results will help the research community to identify regions where to characterize the mechanical properties of the bone during preclinical optimisation of treatments for skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pepe
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Oliviero
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Cristofolini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Dall'Ara
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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12
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Gardinier JD, Daly-Seiler CS, Zhang C. Osteocytes' expression of the PTH/PTHrP receptor has differing effects on endocortical and periosteal bone formation during adenine-induced CKD. Bone 2020; 133:115186. [PMID: 31987988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes play a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the extent to which osteocytes contribute to abnormalities in bone turnover due to excessive levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which bone formation and tissue strength during the progression of CKD is modified through osteocytes' response to PTH. Conditional knockout mice targeting osteocytes' expression of the PTH/PTH-related protein type 1 receptor (PPR) were subjected to adenine-induced CKD. After 6-weeks of treatment, adenine-induced CKD was found to reduce bone formation at the periosteal and endocortical surfaces of the tibia. The loss in bone mass corresponded with a significant decrease in structural-level mechanical properties. In knockout mice, the loss of PPR expression in osteocytes further exacerbated the loss in bone formation at the endocortical surface, but inhibited bone loss at the periosteal surface. In general, the effects of adenine-induced CKD were not as extensive in female mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that osteocytes' response to PTH under adenine-induced CKD has a unique impact on bone turnover that is specific to the periosteal and endocortical surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunbin Zhang
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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13
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Heveran CM, Schurman CA, Acevedo C, Livingston EW, Howe D, Schaible EG, Hunt HB, Rauff A, Donnelly E, Carpenter RD, Levi M, Lau AG, Bateman TA, Alliston T, King KB, Ferguson VL. Chronic kidney disease and aging differentially diminish bone material and microarchitecture in C57Bl/6 mice. Bone 2019; 127:91-103. [PMID: 31055118 PMCID: PMC6760860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disease of aging and increases fracture risk over advanced age alone. Aging and CKD differently impair bone turnover and mineralization. We thus hypothesize that the loss of bone quality would be greatest with the combination of advanced age and CKD. We evaluated bone from young adult (6 mo.), middle-age (18 mo.), and old (24 mo.) male C57Bl/6 mice three months following either 5/6th nephrectomy, to induce CKD, or Sham procedures. CKD exacerbated losses of cortical and trabecular microarchitecture associated with aging. Aging and CKD each resulted in thinner, more porous cortices and fewer and thinner trabeculae. Bone material quality was also reduced with CKD, and these changes to bone material were distinct from those due to age. Aging reduced whole-bone flexural strength and modulus, micrometer-scale nanoindentation modulus, and nanometer-scale tissue and collagen strain (small-angle x-ray scattering [SAXS]. By contrast, CKD reduced work to fracture and variation in bone tissue modulus and composition (Raman spectroscopy), and increased percent collagen strain. The increased collagen strain burden was associated with loss of toughness in CKD. In addition, osteocyte lacunae became smaller, sparser, and more disordered with age for Sham mice, yet these age-related changes were not clearly observed in CKD. However, for CKD, larger lacunae positively correlated with increased serum phosphate levels, suggesting that osteocytes play a role in systemic mineral homeostasis. This work demonstrates that CKD reduces bone quality, including microarchitecture and bone material properties, and that loss of bone quality with age is compounded by CKD. These findings may help reconcile why bone mass does not consistently predict fracture in the CKD population, as well as why older individuals with CKD are at high risk of fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Charles A Schurman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Eric W Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Danielle Howe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, United States of America
| | - Eric G Schaible
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Heather B Hunt
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Adam Rauff
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - R Dana Carpenter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., United States of America
| | - Anthony G Lau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ted A Bateman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Karen B King
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America.
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14
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Sato C, Yamazaki D, Sato M, Takeshima H, Memtily N, Hatano Y, Tsukuba T, Sakai E. Calcium phosphate mineralization in bone tissues directly observed in aqueous liquid by atmospheric SEM (ASEM) without staining: microfluidics crystallization chamber and immuno-EM. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7352. [PMID: 31089159 PMCID: PMC6517404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The malformation and disordered remodeling of bones induce various diseases, including osteoporosis. We have developed atmospheric SEM (ASEM) to directly observe aldehyde-fixed bone tissue immersed in radical scavenger buffer without thin sectioning. The short procedure realized the observation of bone mineralization surrounded by many cells and matrices in natural aqueous buffer, decreasing the risk of changes. In osteoblast primary cultures, mineralization was visible without staining. Correlative energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry indicated the formation of calcium phosphate mineral. Fixed bone was sectioned, and the section surface was inspected by ASEM. Mineralized trabeculae of talus spongy bone were directly visible. Associated large and small cells were revealed by phosphotungstic acid staining, suggesting remodeling by bone-absorbing osteoclasts and bone-rebuilding osteoblasts. In tibia, cortical bone layer including dense grains, was bordered by many cells with protrusions. Tissue immuno-EM performed in solution for the first time and anti-cathepsin-K antibody, successfully identified osteoclasts in femur spongy bone. A microfluidics chamber fabricated on the silicon nitride film window of an ASEM dish allowed mineralization to be monitored in vitro; calcium phosphate crystals as small as 50 nm were imaged. ASEM is expected to be widely applied to study bio-mineralization and bone-remodeling, and to help diagnose bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Daiju Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimo Adachi, 46-29 Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mari Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimo Adachi, 46-29 Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nassirhadjy Memtily
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
- Traditional Uyghur Medicine Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Rd, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yuri Hatano
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsukuba
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
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15
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Abstract
The mechanical properties of bone are fundamental to the ability of our skeletons to support movement and to provide protection to our vital organs. As such, deterioration in mechanical behavior with aging and/or diseases such as osteoporosis and diabetes can have profound consequences for individuals' quality of life. This article reviews current knowledge of the basic mechanical behavior of bone at length scales ranging from hundreds of nanometers to tens of centimeters. We present the basic tenets of bone mechanics and connect them to some of the arcs of research that have brought the field to recent advances. We also discuss cortical bone, trabecular bone, and whole bones, as well as multiple aspects of material behavior, including elasticity, yield, fracture, fatigue, and damage. We describe the roles of bone quantity (e.g., density, porosity) and bone quality (e.g., cross-linking, protein composition), along with several avenues of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise F Morgan
- Orthopaedic and Developmental Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Ginu U Unnikrisnan
- Orthopaedic and Developmental Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Amira I Hussein
- Orthopaedic and Developmental Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
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16
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Hou HT, Wang YN, Shao SZ, Fu S, Huang XP, Wang XH. High calcium diet alleviates 5/6 nephrectomy-induced bone deteriorations of lumbar vertebrae in mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3483-3488. [PMID: 29545872 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary calcium (Ca) supplementation has beneficial effects on bone health. However, it is not clear whether a high calcium diet (HCD) following 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) is beneficial to bone health. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of an HCD on bone metabolism using a chronic kidney disease (CKD) mouse model. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: Sham group, 5/6 Nx group and 5/6 Nx + HCD group. Mice were sacrificed 12 weeks post-surgery. Calcium (Ca) and creatinine (Cr) were measured using standard colorimetric methods and picric acid methods, respectively. Bone metabolism-associated markers, FGF-23, PTH, ALP-b and TRAP-5b were measured using ELISA kits. Lumbar vertebrae histomorphological analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Impaired renal function and histopathological damage was indicated in 5/6 Nx mice. However, HCD had no significant effects on these changes in 5/6 Nx mice. Notably, mineral metabolism disorder and histopathological damage to lumbar vertebrae were markedly improved in HCD-treated 5/6 Nx mice. Compared with 5/6 Nx mice, HCD supplementation significantly elevated the ratio of OPG/RANKL and inhibited RANKL mRNA expression in lumbar vertebrae. To conclude, the present findings indicated that increased Ca intake is effective in increasing bone mineral content of the lumbar vertebrae in 5/6 Nx mice. These results may provide a basis for the clinical use of dietary Ca supplementation as a therapeutic approach to treat CKD-induced disturbance of mineral metabolism and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Hou
- Department of Spinal and Spinal Cord Surgery, Shandong Wendeng Orthopedic Hospital, Wendeng, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Spinal and Spinal Cord Surgery, Shandong Wendeng Orthopedic Hospital, Wendeng, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ze Shao
- Department of Spinal and Spinal Cord Surgery, Shandong Wendeng Orthopedic Hospital, Wendeng, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Song Fu
- Department of Spinal and Spinal Cord Surgery, Shandong Wendeng Orthopedic Hospital, Wendeng, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Peng Huang
- Department of Spinal and Spinal Cord Surgery, Shandong Wendeng Orthopedic Hospital, Wendeng, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Spinal and Spinal Cord Surgery, Shandong Wendeng Orthopedic Hospital, Wendeng, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
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17
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Bajwa NM, Sanchez CP, Lindsey RC, Watt H, Mohan S. Cortical and trabecular bone are equally affected in rats with renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:24. [PMID: 29394885 PMCID: PMC5796449 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in mineral metabolism and bone structure develop early in the course of chronic kidney disease and at end-stage are associated with increased risk of fragility fractures. The disruption of phosphorus homeostasis leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism, a common complication of chronic kidney disease. However, the molecular pathways by which high phosphorus influences bone metabolism in the early stages of the disease are not completely understood. We investigated the effects of a high phosphorus diet on bone and mineral metabolism using a 5/6 nephrectomy model of chronic kidney disease. Methods Four-week old rats were randomly assigned into groups: 1) Control with standard diet, 2) Nephrectomy with standard rodent diet, and 3) Nephrectomy with high phosphorus diet. Rats underwent in vivo imaging at baseline, day 14, and day 28, followed by ex vivo imaging. Results Cortical bone density at the femoral mid-diaphysis was reduced in nephrectomy-control and nephrectomy-high phosphorus compared to control rats. In contrast, trabecular bone mass was reduced at both the lumbar vertebrae and the femoral secondary spongiosa in nephrectomy-high phosphorus but not in nephrectomy-control. Reduced trabecular bone volume adjusted for tissue volume was caused by changes in trabecular number and separation at day 35. Histomorphometry revealed increased bone resorption in tibial secondary spongiosa in nephrectomy-control. High phosphorus diet-induced changes in bone microstructure were accompanied by increased serum parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 levels. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that changes in mineral metabolism and hormonal dysfunction contribute to trabecular and cortical bone changes in this model of early chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita M Bajwa
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
| | - Cheryl P Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Richard C Lindsey
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
| | - Heather Watt
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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18
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Kalaska B, Pawlak K, Domaniewski T, Oksztulska-Kolanek E, Znorko B, Roszczenko A, Rogalska J, Brzoska MM, Lipowicz P, Doroszko M, Pryczynicz A, Pawlak D. Elevated Levels of Peripheral Kynurenine Decrease Bone Strength in Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2017; 8:836. [PMID: 29163188 PMCID: PMC5671515 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of bone disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent a clinical challenge. CKD leads to mineral and bone complications starting early in the course of renal failure. Recently, we have observed the positive relationship between intensified central kynurenine turnover and bone strength in rats with subtotal 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx)-induced CKD. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between peripheral kynurenine pathway metabolites and bone strength in rats with 5/6 Nx-induced CKD. The animals were sacrificed 1 and 3 months after 5/6 Nx or sham operation. Nephrectomized rats presented higher concentrations of serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and parathyroid hormone both 1 and 3 months after nephrectomy. These animals revealed higher concentrations of kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine in the serum and higher gene expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a physiological receptor for kynurenine and AhR-dependent cytochrome in the bone tissue. Furthermore, nephrectomy significantly increased the number of osteoclasts in the bone without affecting their resorptive activity measured in serum. These changes were particularly evident in rats 1 month after 5/6 Nx. The main bone biomechanical parameters of the tibia were unchanged between nephrectomized and sham-operated rats but were significantly increased in older compared to younger animals. A similar trend was observed for geometrical parameters measured with calipers, bone mineral density based on Archimedes' method and image of bone microarchitecture obtained from micro-computed tomography analyses of tibial cortical bone. In nephrectomized animals, peripheral kynurenine levels correlated negatively with the main parameters of bone biomechanics, bone geometry, and bone mineral density values. In conclusion, our data suggest that CKD-induced elevated levels of peripheral kynurenine cause pathological changes in bone structure via AhR pathway. This finding opens new opportunities for the treatment/prevention of osteoporosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Domaniewski
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Oksztulska-Kolanek
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Beata Znorko
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Alicja Roszczenko
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Rogalska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Pawel Lipowicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Doroszko
- Department of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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19
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Kalaska B, Pawlak K, Oksztulska-Kolanek E, Domaniewski T, Znorko B, Karbowska M, Citkowska A, Rogalska J, Roszczenko A, Brzoska MM, Pawlak D. A link between central kynurenine metabolism and bone strength in rats with chronic kidney disease. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3199. [PMID: 28439468 PMCID: PMC5401623 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism represent one of the most complex complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Serotonin, a monoamine synthesized from tryptophan, may play a potential role in bone metabolism. Brain-derived serotonin exerts a positive effect on the bone structure by limiting bone resorption and enhancing bone formation. Tryptophan is the precursor not only to the serotonin but also and primarily to kynurenine metabolites. The ultimate aim of the present study was to determine the association between central kynurenine metabolism and biomechanical as well as geometrical properties of bone in the experimental model of the early stage of CKD. METHODS Thirty-three Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (sham-operated and subtotal nephrectomized animals). Three months after surgery, serum samples were obtained for the determination of biochemical parameters, bone turnover biomarkers, and kynurenine pathway metabolites; tibias were collected for bone biomechanical, bone geometrical, and bone mass density analysis; brains were removed and divided into five regions for the determination of kynurenine pathway metabolites. RESULTS Subtotal nephrectomized rats presented higher serum concentrations of creatinine, urea nitrogen, and parathyroid hormone, and developed hypocalcemia. Several biomechanical and geometrical parameters were significantly elevated in rats with experimentally induced CKD. Subtotal nephrectomized rats presented significantly higher kynurenine concentrations and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and significantly lower tryptophan levels in all studied parts of the brain. Kynurenine in the frontal cortex and tryptophan in the hypothalamus and striatum correlated positively with the main parameters of bone biomechanics and bone geometry. DISCUSSION In addition to the complex mineral, hormone, and metabolite changes, intensified central kynurenine turnover may play an important role in the development of bone changes in the course of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Oksztulska-Kolanek
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Domaniewski
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Beata Znorko
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Karbowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Citkowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Rogalska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Alicja Roszczenko
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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