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Yang J, Xiao L, Zhang L, Luo G, Ma Y, Wang X, Zhang Y. Platelets: A Potential Factor that Offers Strategies for Promoting Bone Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38482796 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2024.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bone defects represent a prevalent category of clinical injuries, causing significant pain and escalating health care burdens. Effectively addressing bone defects is thus of paramount importance. Platelets, formed from megakaryocyte lysis, have emerged as pivotal players in bone tissue repair, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis. Their intracellular storage of various growth factors, cytokines, and membrane protein receptors contributes to these crucial functions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of platelets' roles in hematoma structure, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis throughout the process of fracture healing. Beyond their application in conjunction with artificial bone substitute materials for treating bone defects, we propose the potential future use of anticoagulants such as heparin in combination with these materials to regulate platelet number and function, thereby promoting bone healing. Ultimately, we contemplate whether manipulating platelet function to modulate bone healing could offer innovative ideas and directions for the clinical treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal and Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology in Colleges and Universities, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal and Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guochen Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology in Colleges and Universities, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal and Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Liu J, Zhang J, Lin X, Boyce BF, Zhang H, Xing L. Age-associated callus senescent cells produce TGF-β1 that inhibits fracture healing in aged mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:148073. [PMID: 35426372 PMCID: PMC9012290 DOI: 10.1172/jci148073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays an important role in human diseases, including osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Senescent cells (SCs) produce the senescence-associated secretory phenotype to affect the function of neighboring cells and SCs themselves. Delayed fracture healing is common in the elderly and is accompanied by reduced mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). However, the contribution of cellular senescence to fracture healing in the aged has not to our knowledge been studied. Here, we used C57BL/6J 4-month-old young and 20-month-old aged mice and demonstrated a rapid increase in SCs in the fracture callus of aged mice. The senolytic drugs dasatinib plus quercetin enhanced fracture healing in aged mice. Aged callus SCs inhibited the growth and proliferation of callus-derived MPCs (CaMPCs) and expressed high levels of TGF-β1. TGF-β–neutralizing Ab prevented the inhibitory effects of aged callus SCs on CaMPCs and promoted fracture healing in aged mice, which was associated with increased CaMPCs and proliferating cells. Thus, fracture triggered a significant cellular senescence in the callus cells of aged mice, which inhibited MPCs by expressing TGF-β1. Short-term administration of dasatinib plus quercetin depleted callus SCs and accelerated fracture healing in aged mice. Senolytic drugs represent a promising therapy, while TGF-β1 signaling is a molecular mechanism for fractures in the elderly via SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Plastic Surgery Center, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Brendan F. Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Peng Y, Li X, Wu W, Ma H, Wang G, Jia S, Zheng C. Effect of Mechanical Stimulation Combined With Platelet-Rich Plasma on Healing of the Rotator Cuff in a Murine Model. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:1358-1368. [PMID: 35188809 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211073339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical stimulation and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been shown to be beneficial for healing of the bone-tendon interface (BTI), but few studies have explored the efficacy of a combination of these applications. We investigated the effect of mechanical stimulation combined with PRP on rotator cuff repair in mice. HYPOTHESIS Mechanical stimulation combined with PRP can enhance BTI healing in a murine model of rotator cuff repair. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 160 C57BL/6 mice were used. Overall, 40 mice were used to prepare PRP, while 120 mice underwent acute supraspinatus tendon (SST) repair. The animals were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control group, mechanical stimulation group, PRP group, and mechanical stimulation combined with PRP group (combination group). At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, animals were sacrificed, the eyeballs were removed to collect blood, and the SST-humeral complexes were collected. Histological, biomechanical, immunological, and bone morphometric tests were performed. RESULTS Histologically, at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, the area of the fibrocartilage layer at the BTI in the combination group was larger than in the other groups. The content and distribution of proteoglycans in this layer in the combination group were significantly greater than in the other groups. At 8 weeks postoperatively, trabecular number, and trabecular bone thickness of the subchondral bone area of interest at the BTI of the combination group were greater than those of the other groups, bone volume fraction of the combination group was greater than the control group. On biomechanical testing at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, the failure load and ultimate strength of the SST-humeral complex in the combination group were higher than in the other groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that, at 4 weeks postoperatively, the serum concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the combination group were significantly higher than in the other groups; at 8 weeks, the PDGF-AB concentration in the combination group was higher than in the control and mechanical stimulation groups. CONCLUSION Mechanical stimulation combined with PRP can effectively promote the early stage of healing after a rotator cuff injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings imply that mechanical stimulation combined with PRP can serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for rotator cuff healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Peng
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.,Medical College, Huainan Union University, Huainan, China
| | - Wenxia Wu
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Jinci College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haozhe Ma
- College of International Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanglan Wang
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaohui Jia
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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Periosteum and development of the tissue-engineered periosteum for guided bone regeneration. J Orthop Translat 2022; 33:41-54. [PMID: 35228996 PMCID: PMC8858911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periosteum plays a significant role in bone formation and regeneration by storing progenitor cells, and also acts as a source of local growth factors and a scaffold for recruiting cells and other growth factors. Recently, tissue-engineered periosteum has been studied extensively and shown to be important for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Using biomimetic methods for artificial periosteum synthesis, membranous tissues with similar function and structure to native periosteum are produced that significantly improve the efficacy of bone grafting and scaffold engineering, and can serve as direct replacements for native periosteum. Many problems involving bone defects can be solved by preparation of idealized periosteum from materials with different properties using various techniques. Methods This review summarizes the significance of periosteum for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis from the aspects of periosteum tissue structure, osteogenesis performance, clinical application, and development of periosteum tissue engineering. The advantages and disadvantages of different tissue engineering methods are also summarized. Results The fast-developing field of periosteum tissue engineering is aimed toward synthesis of bionic periosteum that can ensure or accelerate the repair of bone defects. Artificial periosteum materials can be similar to natural periosteum in both structure and function, and have good therapeutic potential. Induction of periosteum tissue regeneration and bone regeneration by biomimetic periosteum is the ideal process for bone repair. Conclusions Periosteum is essential for bone formation and regeneration, and it is indispensable in bone repair. Achieving personalized structure and composition in the construction of tissue engineering periosteum is in accordance with the design concept of both universality and emphasis on individual differences and ensures the combination of commonness and individuality, which are expected to meet the clinical needs of bone repair more effectively. The translational potential of this article To better understand the role of periosteum in bone repair, clarify the present research situation of periosteum and tissue engineering periosteum, and determine the development and optimization direction of tissue engineering periosteum in the future. It is hoped that periosteum tissue engineering will play a greater role in meeting the clinical needs of bone repair in the future, and makes it possible to achieve optimization of bone tissue therapy.
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A pilot study of circulating levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 as biomarkers of bone healing in patients with non-hypertrophic pseudoarthrosis of long bones. Bone Rep 2021; 16:101157. [PMID: 34950754 PMCID: PMC8671858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudoarthrosis or non-union is a complication with an incidence of 5-10% of bone fractures, most frequently located in the diaphysis of long bones. The management of this complication is addressed by means of complex surgical procedures and is a concern for orthopaedic and trauma surgeons nowadays. The use of biomarkers for diagnosing patients at risk of non-union would help us to establish special measures for early corrective treatment. Methods Prospective exploratory pilot study with a cohort of 20 patients diagnosed of non-hypertrophic pseudoarthrosis of long bones who were treated surgically with either autologous bone graft or a Tissue Engineering Product composed of bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Patients were followed for 12 months and plasma blood samples were obtained to determine circulating levels of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 and Beta 2 (TGF-β1 and TGF-β2, respectively) at inclusion, and at 1 week, 2 weeks, and months 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 after surgery. Radiological bone healing was evaluated by the Tomographic Union Score (TUS). Results Basal levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were determined in the twenty patients (26,702 ± 14,537 pg/mL and 307.8 ± 83.1 pg/mL, respectively). Three of them withdrew from the study, so complete follow-up was conducted on 17 patients (9 successfully healed vs. 8 that did not heal). Statistically significant differences between the bone healing group and the non-union group were found at month 12 for both TGF-β1 (p = 0.005) and TGF-β2 (p = 0.02). Conclusions TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 are biomarkers that correlate with clinical evidence of bone regeneration and may be used to monitor patients, although early predictive value after intervention needs to be further studied in combination with other molecules.
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Fish TNF and TNF receptors. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:196-220. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dodo Y, Chatani M, Azetsu Y, Hosonuma M, Karakawa A, Sakai N, Negishi-Koga T, Tsuji M, Inagaki K, Kiuchi Y, Takami M. Myelination during fracture healing in vivo in myelin protein zero (p0) transgenic medaka line. Bone 2020; 133:115225. [PMID: 31923703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During the fracture healing process, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as the nervous system are known to play important roles for signaling in the body. Glia cells contribute to the healing process by myelination, which can increase the speed of signals transmitted between neurons. However, the behavior of myelinating cells at a fracture site remains unclear. We developed a myelin protein zero (mpz)-EGFP transgenic medaka line for tracing myelinating cells. Mpz-enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-positive (mpz+) cells are driven by the 2.9-kb promoter of the medaka mpz gene, which is distributed throughout the nervous system, such as the brain, spinal cord, lateral line, and peripheral nerves. In the caudal fin region, mpz+ cells were found localized parallel with the fin ray (bone) in the adult stage. mpz+ cells were not distributed with fli-DsRed positive (fli+) blood vessels, but with some nerve fibers, and were dyed with the anti-acetylated tubulin antibody. We then fractured one side of the caudal lepidotrichia in a caudal fin of mpz-EGFP medaka and found a unique phenomenon, in that mpz+ cells were accumulated at 1 bone away from the fracture site. This mpz+ cell accumulation phenomenon started from 4 days after fracture of the proximal bone. Thereafter, mpz+ cells became elongated from the proximal bone to the distal bone and finally showed a crosslink connection crossing the fracture site to the distal bone at 28 days after fracture. Finally, the effects of rapamycin, known as a mTOR inhibitor, on myelination was examined. Rapamycin treatment of mpz-EGFP/osterix-DsRed double transgenic medaka inhibited not only the crosslink connection of mpz+ cells but also osterix+ osteoblast accumulation at the fracture site, accompanied with a fracture healing defect. These findings indicated that mTOR signaling plays important roles in bone formation and neural networking during fracture healing. Taken together, the present results are the first to show the dynamics of myelinating cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Dodo
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Medical Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Chatani
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuki Azetsu
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosonuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Medical Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Karakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takako Negishi-Koga
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Division of Mucosal Barriology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Medical Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Katsunori Inagaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Kiuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Medical Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takami
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Utsunomiya H, Gao X, Deng Z, Cheng H, Nakama G, Scibetta AC, Ravuri SK, Goldman JL, Lowe WR, Rodkey WG, Alliston T, Philippon MJ, Huard J. Biologically Regulated Marrow Stimulation by Blocking TGF-β1 With Losartan Oral Administration Results in Hyaline-like Cartilage Repair: A Rabbit Osteochondral Defect Model. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:974-984. [PMID: 32027515 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519898681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microfracture or bone marrow stimulation (BMS) is often the first choice for clinical treatment of cartilage injuries; however, fibrocartilage, not pure hyaline cartilage, has been reported because of the development of fibrosis in the repair tissue. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), which can promote fibrosis, can be inhibited by losartan and potentially be used to reduce fibrocartilage. HYPOTHESIS Blocking TGF-β1 would improve cartilage healing in a rabbit knee BMS model via decreasing the amount of fibrocartilage and increasing hyaline-like cartilage formation. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS An osteochondral defect was made in the patellar groove of 48 New Zealand White rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups: a defect group (defect only), a BMS group (osteochondral defect + BMS), and a BMS + losartan group (osteochondral defect + BMS + losartan). For the rabbits in the BMS + losartan group, losartan was administrated orally from the day after surgery through the day of euthanasia. Rabbits were sacrificed 6 or 12 weeks postoperatively. Macroscopic appearance, microcomputed tomography, histological assessment, and TGF-β1 signaling pathway were evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS The macroscopic assessment of the repair revealed that the BMS + losartan group was superior to the other groups tested. Microcomputed tomography showed superior healing of the bony defect in the BMS + losartan group in comparison with the other groups. Histologically, fibrosis in the repair tissue of the BMS + losartan group was significantly reduced when compared with the other groups. Results obtained with the modified O'Driscoll International Cartilage Repair Society grading system yielded significantly superior scores in the BMS + losartan group as compared with both the defect group and the BMS group (F value: 15.8, P < .001, P = .012, respectively). TGF-β1 signaling and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 of the BMS + losartan group were significantly suppressed in the synovial tissues. CONCLUSION By blocking TGF-β1 with losartan, the repair cartilage tissue after BMS was superior to the other groups and consisted primarily of hyaline cartilage. These results should be easily translated to the clinic because losartan is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug and it can be combined with the BMS technique for optimal repair of chondral defects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Biologically regulated marrow stimulation by blocking TGF-β1 (oral intake of losartan) provides superior repair via decreasing fibrocartilage formation and resulting in hyaline-like cartilage as compared with outcomes from BMS only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Utsunomiya
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Gilberto Nakama
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Alex C Scibetta
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Sudheer K Ravuri
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Julia L Goldman
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Walter R Lowe
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - William G Rodkey
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Marc J Philippon
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
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Treatment with synthetic glucocorticoid impairs bone metabolism, as revealed by in vivo imaging of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in medaka fish. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109101. [PMID: 31315073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) play an important role in the stress reaction and function in the development of multiple tissues in our body. When given chronically in supraphysiologic doses, GCs are associated with orthodontic tooth movement, with serious side effects and particularly adverse effects on bone metabolism. However, the effects of steroids on bone cell dynamics are incompletely understood. Therefore, in this present study we examined the participation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in osterix-DsRed/TRAP-EGFP double transgenic (Tg) medaka treated with synthetic GCs. Chronic continuous administration of prednisolone (PN) significantly reduced the fluorescence signals in the whole body of both osterix-DsRed and TRAP-EGFP medaka at 18 days, and those of the pharyngeal bone and tooth region at 32 days. To examine the capacity of the medaka for fracture healing during chronic administration of PN, we caused a fracture of a part of the bony fin ray at 18 days after the initiation of PN continuous administration. The bone fracture healing was significantly delayed by 32 days, accompanied by decreased signal area of both osterix-DsRed and TRAP-EGFP compared with that of the control. Next, to investigate the effect of acute administration of GC on the fracture healing, we started administration of dexamethasone (DX) immediately after the bone fracture, and this administration lasted during the 11 days of fracture healing. The results showed that the TRAP-EGFP-positive osteoclasts were reduced in area, but not the osterix-DsRed-positive osteoblasts. Lastly, to confirm the function of the glucocorticoid receptor in bone healing, we generated glucocorticoid receptor 2-deficient medaka (gr2-/-). The fluorescent signal area of osterix-DsRed and TRAP-EGFP were increased at bone fracture sites in these fish, and DX treatment of them decreased the TRAP-EGFP signal area compared with that for the control fish. Our results indicate that GRs negatively regulated osteoclast recruitment and the accumulation of osteoblasts in bone fracture healing.
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Wang K, Li H, Sun R, Liu C, Luo Y, Fu S, Ying Y. Emerging roles of transforming growth factor β signaling in wet age-related macular degeneration. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:1-8. [PMID: 30496406 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness among aging populations in developed countries and can be classified as dry or wet according to its progression. Wet AMD, which is characterized by angiogenesis on the choroidal membrane, is uncommonly seen but more severe. Controlling or completely inhibiting the factors that contribute to the progression of events that lead to angiogenesis may be an effective strategy for treating wet AMD. Emerging evidence has shown that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a significant role in the progression of wet AMD. In this review, we described the roles of and changes in TGF-β signaling in the development of AMD and discussed the mechanisms of the TGF-β superfamily in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and wet AMD, including the modulation of angiogenesis-related factors, inflammation, vascular fibrosis, and immune responses, as well as cross-talk with other signaling pathways. These remarkable findings indicate that TGF-β signaling is a potential target for wet AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Haoran Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruipu Sun
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Nanchang Joint Program, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chaxian Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Department, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfei Luo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuhua Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathology, Schools of Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Yu X, Wan Q, Cheng G, Cheng X, Zhang J, Pathak JL, Li Z. CoCl 2 , a mimic of hypoxia, enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells migration and osteogenic differentiation via STAT3 signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1321-1329. [PMID: 29908007 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells homing and migration is a crucial step during bone fracture healing. Hypoxic environment in fracture site induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) migration, but its mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study and studies by other groups have reported the involvement of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in cell migration. However, the role of STAT3 pathway in hypoxia-induced cell migration is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of STAT3 signaling in hypoxia-induced BMSCs migration and osteogenic differentiation. BMSCs isolated from C57BL/6 male mice were cultured in the presence of cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ) to simulate intracellular hypoxia. Hypoxia enhanced BMSCs migration, and upregulated cell migration related gene expression, that is, metalloproteinase (MMP) 7, MMP9, and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4. Hypoxia enhanced the phosphorylation of STAT3, and cell migration related proteins: c-jun n-terminal kinase (JNK), focal of adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular regulated protein kinases, and protein kinase B 1/2 (ERK1/2). Moreover, hypoxia enhanced expression of osteogenic differentiation marker. Inhibition of STAT3 suppressed the hypoxia-induced BMSCs migration, cell migration related signaling molecules phosphorylation, and osteogenic differentiation related gene expression. In conclusion, our result indicates that hypoxia-induced BMSCs migration and osteogenic differentiation is via STAT3 phosphorylation and involves the cooperative activity of the JNK, FAK, and MMP9 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stoma-tology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Qilong Wan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stoma-tology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Plastic Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Gu Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stoma-tology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Plastic Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xin Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stoma-tology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stoma-tology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, PR China
| | - Zubing Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stoma-tology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Plastic Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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Direct phenotypic conversion of human fibroblasts into functional osteoblasts triggered by a blockade of the transforming growth factor-β signal. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8463. [PMID: 29855543 PMCID: PMC5981640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A procedure to generate functional osteoblasts from human somatic cells may pave the way to a novel and effective transplantation therapy in bone disorders. Here, we report that human fibroblasts were induced to show osteoblast phenotypes by culturing with ALK5 i II, which is a specific inhibitor for activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) (tumor growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGF-β R1)). Cells cultured with ALK5 i II expressed osteoblast-specific genes and massively produced calcified bone matrix, similar to the osteoblasts induced from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-OBs). Treatment with vitamin D3 in addition to ALK5 i II induced more osteoblast-like characters, and the efficiency of the conversion reached approximately 90%. The chemical compound-mediated directly converted osteoblasts (cOBs) were similar to human primary osteoblasts in terms of expression profiles of osteoblast-related genes. The cOBs abundantly produced bone matrix in vivo and facilitated bone healing after they were transplanted into immunodeficient mice at an artificially induced defect lesion in femoral bone. The present procedure realizes a highly efficient direct conversion of human fibroblasts into transgene-free and highly functional osteoblasts, which might be applied in a novel strategy of bone regeneration therapy in bone diseases.
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13
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Bone-Conditioned Medium Obtained From Calvaria, Mandible, and Tibia Cause an Equivalent TGF-β1 Response In Vitro. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29:553-557. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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