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Wang Y, Di Y, Li Y, Lu J, Ji B, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Chen S, Liu B, Tang R. Role of sphingolipid metabolism signaling in a novel mouse model of renal osteodystrophy based on transcriptomic approach. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01181. [PMID: 39149978 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a skeletal pathology associated with chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) that is characterized by aberrant bone mineralization and remodeling. ROD increases the risk of fracture and mortality in CKD patients. The underlying mechanisms of ROD remain elusive, partially due to the absence of an appropriate animal model. To address this gap, we established a stable mouse model of ROD using an optimized adenine-enriched diet and conducted exploratory analyses through ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq). METHODS Male 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into three groups: control group (n = 5), adenine and high-phosphate (HP) diet group (n = 20), and the optimized adenine-containing diet group (n = 20) for 12 weeks. We assessed the skeletal characteristics of model mice through blood biochemistry, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and bone histomorphometry. RNA-seq was utilized to profile gene expression changes of ROD. We elucidated the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). DEGs were validated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS By the fifth week, adenine followed by an HP diet induced rapid weight loss and high mortality rates in the mouse group, precluding further model development. Mice with optimized adenine diet-induced ROD displayed significant abnormalities in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, accompanied by pronounced hyperparathyroidism and hyperphosphatemia. The femur bone mineral density (BMD) of the model mice was lower than that of control mice, with substantial bone loss and cortical porosity. ROD mice exhibited substantial bone turnover with an increase in osteoblast and osteoclast markers. Transcriptomic profiling revealed 1907 genes with upregulated expression and 723 genes with downregulated expression in the femurs of ROD mice relative to those of control mice. Pathway analyses indicated significant enrichment of upregulated genes in the sphingolipid metabolism pathway. The significant upregulation of alkaline ceramidase 1 (Acer1), alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2), prosaposin-like 1 (Psapl1), adenosine A1 receptor (Adora1), and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1pr5) were successfully validated in mouse femurs by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Optimized adenine diet mouse model may be a valuable proxy for studying ROD. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the sphingolipid metabolism pathway is likely a key player in ROD pathogenesis, thereby providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Yan Di
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Yongqi Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Bofan Ji
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Bicheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Rining Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, NanJing LiShui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
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Ahmad, Zhang C, Wang Y, Ullah H, Rahman AU, Wei J, Qin YH, Wang G, Wang B, Li X. Saccharomyces boulardii (CNCM I-745) alleviates collagen-induced arthritis by partially maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity through TLR2/MYD88/NF-κB pathway inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112738. [PMID: 39053232 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis, a condition characterized by inflammation, has a substantial influence on both the worldwide economy and public health. Prior studies indicate that probiotics have the potential to enhance the composition of gut microbiota in instances of intestinal dysbiosis resulting from different disorders and contribute to the regulation of inflammation. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of Saccharomyces boulardii on the gut microbiome in arthritis and its implications on inflammation. METHODS The study utilized the Collagen Induced Arthritis (CIA) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. After administering Saccharomyces boulardii (150 mg/kg/day) six days a week and Methotrexate (MTX) (0.2 mg/week) treatment for eight weeks, microbial DNA from the feces was sequenced using 16S rRNA. The evaluation of histopathology, bone loss, and cartilage degradation was conducted using histology, immunohistology assays, and micro-computed tomography (µCT) examinations. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze proinflammatory cytokines, while the western blot technique was applied to detect protein in the gut and in cell lines. The quantification of gene expression in gut,joint and cell lines was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cell lines were activated and then treated with the culture supernatant of S. boulardii for an in vitro investigation. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was utilized to assess cell proliferationand viability. Cellular motility was measured in a wound healing experiment, whereas apoptotic proteins were analyzed using Western blotting. RESULTS S. boulardii has been found to enhance bone and joint integrity, modulate gut microbiota, and mitigate proinflammatory cytokine levels in rats with arthritis. It decreases the permeability of the intestines and promotes the production of gut tight-junction proteins. The administration of S. boulardii inhibits the proliferation of T-helper-17 (Th17) and Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3). Additionally, it elicits apoptosis in MH7A cell lines and hinders their migratory activity. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of S. boulardii for treating and preventing arthritis in rats with collagen-induced arthritis by modulating gut microbiota and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Hayan Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Atta Ur Rahman
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Yuan Hua Qin
- Department of Parasite, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China.
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Metzger CE, Kittaka M, LaPlant AN, Ueki Y, Allen MR. Inhibition of RANKL improves the skeletal phenotype of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in mice. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae004. [PMID: 38505524 PMCID: PMC10945718 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal fragility and high fracture rates are common in CKD. A key component of bone loss in CKD with secondary hyperparathyroidism is high bone turnover and cortical bone deterioration through both cortical porosity and cortical thinning. We hypothesized that RANKL drives high bone resorption within cortical bone leading to the development of cortical porosity in CKD (study 1) and that systemic inhibition of RANKL would mitigate the skeletal phenotype of CKD (study 2). In study 1, we assessed the skeletal properties of male and female Dmp1-cre RANKLfl/fl (cKO) and control genotype (Ranklfl/fl; Con) mice after 10 wk of adenine-induced CKD (AD; 0.2% dietary adenine). All AD mice regardless of sex or genotype had elevated blood urea nitrogen and high PTH. Con AD mice in both sexes had cortical porosity and lower cortical thickness as well as high osteoclast-covered trabecular surfaces and higher bone formation rate. cKO mice had preserved cortical bone microarchitecture despite high circulating PTH as well as no CKD-induced increases in osteoclasts. In study 2, male mice with established AD CKD were either given a single injection of an anti-RANKL antibody (5 mg/kg) 8 wk post-induction of CKD or subjected to 3×/wk dosing with risedronate (1.2 μg/kg) for 4 wk. Anti-RANKL treatment significantly reduced bone formation rate as well as osteoclast surfaces at both trabecular and cortical pore surfaces; risedronate treatment had little effect on these bone parameters. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that bone-specific RANKL is critical for the development of high bone formation/high osteoclasts and cortical bone loss in CKD with high PTH. Additionally, systemic anti-RANKL ligand therapy in established CKD may help prevent the propagation of cortical bone loss via suppression of bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Metzger
- Departments of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Mizuho Kittaka
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Alec N LaPlant
- Departments of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Yasuyoshi Ueki
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Departments of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Medicine/Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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Igarashi S, Kasukawa Y, Nozaka K, Tsuchie H, Abe K, Saito H, Shoji R, Kasama F, Harata S, Okamoto K, Oya K, Miyakoshi N. Teriparatide and etelcalcetide improve bone, fibrosis, and fat parameters in chronic kidney disease model rats. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2023; 9:121-130. [PMID: 38374820 PMCID: PMC10874735 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures. Etelcalcetide (EC) is a treatment for SHPT that reduces serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. However, the effects of combined treatment with osteoporosis drugs such as teriparatide (TPTD) remain unclear. This study investigates the combined effects of EC and TPTD on bone in CKD model rats. Methods The CKD model was established in 8-week-old male Wistar rats by feeding them a 0.75% adenine diet for 4 weeks. At 20 weeks of age, the rats were divided into 4 groups (N = 9-10 in each group): CKD group (vehicle administration), TPTD group (30 μg/kg, 3 times/week), EC group (0.6 mg/kg, daily), and Comb group (TPTD and EC combined). EC was injected for 12 weeks starting at 20 weeks of age, and TPTD was injected for 8 weeks starting at 24 weeks of age. After treatment, the followings were evaluated: bone mineral density, bone strength, biochemical tests, bone and fat histomorphometry, and micro-computed tomography. Results In CKD model rats, the combination of EC and TPTD was more effective in increasing cortical bone thickness and bone strength and inhibiting porosity. In addition, the combined treatment decreased bone marrow adiposity and fibrosis, and it increased bone mass and improved bone microstructure in trabecular bone. Conclusions With the observed benefits such as improved bone mass, bone strength, structural properties, and bone marrow adiposity, combination therapy may be a potential way to improve bone fragility in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuji Kasukawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Koji Nozaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Abe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hikaru Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ryo Shoji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Fumihito Kasama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Harata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kento Okamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Keita Oya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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Harata S, Kasukawa Y, Nozaka K, Tsuchie H, Shoji R, Igarashi S, Kasama F, Oya K, Okamoto K, Miyakoshi N. Effects of bisphosphonates and treadmill exercise on bone and kidney in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:785-796. [PMID: 37897671 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing prevalence of osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to the aging of society has highlighted the need for development of effective treatments for elderly patients. This study examined whether the combination of treadmill exercise therapy and alendronate (ALN) can improve bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength without worsening renal function in adenine-induced CKD model rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 8-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 70) were divided into experimental groups based on the treatment protocol, i.e., non-CKD (control), vehicle only (CKD), ALN only, exercise only, and combined ALN plus exercise. A 0.75% adenine diet was used to induce CKD. Groups were killed at either 20 or 30 weeks of age. Comprehensive assessments included serum and urine biochemistry tests, renal histology, bone histomorphometry, BMD measurement, micro-computed tomography examinations, and biomechanical testing. RESULTS Blood biochemistry tests, urine analyses and histological evaluations of the kidney demonstrated that ALN treatment did not worsen renal function or kidney fibrosis in moderate-stage CKD model rats. Both ALN and treadmill exercise significantly suppressed bone resorption (p < 0.05-p < 0.01). Moreover, ALN monotherapy and combined ALN and treadmill exercise significantly improved BMD of the lumbar spine and femur, bone microstructure, and trabecular bone strength (p < 0.05-p < 0.01). Treadmill exercise was also shown to decrease cortical porosity at the mid-diaphysis of the femur and improve kidney fibrosis. CONCLUSION The combination of ALN and treadmill exercise is effective in improving BMD, the microstructure of trabecular and cortical bone, and bone strength, without compromising renal function in adenine-induced CKD model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Harata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuji Kasukawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Koji Nozaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ryo Shoji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shun Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Fumihito Kasama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Keita Oya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kento Okamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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Newman CL, Surowiec RK, Swallow EA, Metzger CE, Kim J, Tomaschke AA, Chen NX, Allen MR, Wallace JM, Moe SM, Wu YC, Niziolek PJ. Assessing cortical bone porosity with MRI in an animal model of chronic kidney disease. Bone 2023; 173:116808. [PMID: 37207990 PMCID: PMC11167728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by secondary hyperparathyroidism and an increased risk of hip fractures predominantly related to cortical porosity. Unfortunately, bone mineral density measurements and high-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT) imaging have shortcomings that limit their utility in these patients. Ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (UTE-MRI) has the potential to overcome these limitations by providing an alternative assessment of cortical porosity. The goal of the current study was to determine if UTE-MRI could detect changes in porosity in an established rat model of CKD. Cy/+ rats (n = 11), an established animal model of CKD-MBD, and their normal littermates (n = 12) were imaged using microcomputed tomography (microCT) and UTE-MRI at 30 and 35 weeks of age (which approximates late-stage kidney disease in humans). Images were obtained at the distal tibia and the proximal femur. Cortical porosity was assessed using the percent porosity (Pore%) calculated from microCT imaging and the porosity index (PI) calculated from UTE-MRI. Correlations between Pore% and PI were also calculated. Cy/+ rats had higher Pore% than normal rats at both skeletal sites at 35 weeks (tibia = 7.13 % +/- 5.59 % vs. 0.51 % +/- 0.09 %, femur = 19.99 % +/- 7.72 % vs. 2.72 % +/- 0.32 %). They also had greater PI at the distal tibia at 30 weeks of age (0.47 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.40 +/- 0.08). However, Pore% and PI were only correlated in the proximal femur at 35 weeks of age (ρ = 0.929, Spearman). These microCT results are consistent with prior studies in this animal model utilizing microCT imaging. The UTE-MRI results were inconsistent, resulting in variable correlations with microCT imaging, which may be related to suboptimal bound and pore water discrimination at higher magnetic field strengths. Nevertheless, UTE-MRI may still provide an additional clinical tool to assess fracture risk without using ionizing radiation in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Newman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Rachel K Surowiec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | | | - Corinne E Metzger
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jieun Kim
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew A Tomaschke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Neal X Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chien Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Paul J Niziolek
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
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Metzger CE, Newman CL, Tippen SP, Golemme NT, Chen NX, Moe SM, Allen MR. Cortical porosity occurs at varying degrees throughout the skeleton in rats with chronic kidney disease. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101612. [PMID: 36035656 PMCID: PMC9411579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical porosity develops in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increases with progressing disease. Cortical porosity is likely a prominent contributor to skeletal fragility/fracture. The degree to which cortical porosity occurs throughout the skeleton is not fully known. In this study, we assessed cortical bone porosity via micro-computed tomography at multiple skeletal sites in rats with progressive chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized that cortical porosity would occur in long bones throughout the body, but to a lesser degree in flat bones and irregular bones. Porosity was measured, using micro-CT, at 17 different skeletal sites in 6 male rats with CKD. Varying degrees of porosity were seen throughout the skeleton with higher porosity in flat and irregular bone (i.e. parietal bone, mandible) vs. long bones (p = 0.01) and in non-weightbearing bones vs. weightbearing bones (p = 0.01). Porosity was also higher in proximal sites vs. distal sites in long bones (p < 0.01 in all comparisons). There was large heterogeneity in porosity within skeletal sites across rats and within the same rat across skeletal sites. Correlations showed cortical porosity of the proximal tibia was positively associated with porosity at the other sites with the strongest correlation to the parietal bone and the weakest to the ulna. Overall, our data demonstrates varying and significant cortical bone porosity across the skeleton of animals with chronic kidney disease. These data point to careful selection of skeletal sites to assess porosity in pre-clinical studies and the potential for fractures at multiple skeletal sites in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E. Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202
| | | | - Samantha P. Tippen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202
| | - Natalie T. Golemme
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202
| | - Neal X. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, IN, USA
| | - Sharon M. Moe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 46202
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, IN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, IN, USA
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Biruete A, Metzger CE, Chen NX, Swallow EA, Vrabec C, Clinkenbeard EL, Stacy AJ, Srinivasan S, O'Neill K, Avin KG, Allen MR, Moe SM. Effects of ferric citrate and intravenous iron sucrose on markers of mineral, bone, and iron homeostasis in a rat model of CKD-MBD. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:1857-1867. [PMID: 35482713 PMCID: PMC9494145 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) are common and begin early in CKD. Limited studies have concurrently compared the effects of ferric citrate (FC) versus intravenous (IV) iron on CKD-MBD and iron homeostasis in moderate CKD. METHODS We tested the effects of 10 weeks of 2% FC versus IV iron sucrose in rats with moderate CKD (Cy/+ male rat) and untreated normal (NL) littermates. Outcomes included a comprehensive assessment of CKD-MBD, iron homeostasis and oxidative stress. RESULTS CKD rats had azotemia, elevated phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). Compared with untreated CKD rats, treatment with FC led to lower plasma phosphorus, intact FGF23 and a trend (P = 0.07) toward lower C-terminal FGF23. FC and IV iron equally reduced aorta and heart calcifications to levels similar to NL animals. Compared with NL animals, CKD animals had higher bone turnover, lower trabecular volume and no difference in mineralization; these were unaffected by either iron treatment. Rats treated with IV iron had cortical and bone mechanical properties similar to NL animals. FC increased the transferrin saturation rate compared with untreated CKD and NL rats. Neither iron treatment increased oxidative stress above that of untreated CKD. CONCLUSIONS Oral FC improved phosphorus homeostasis, some iron-related parameters and the production and cleavage of FGF23. The intermittent effect of low-dose IV iron sucrose on cardiovascular calcification and bone should be further explored in moderate-advanced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Biruete
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Neal X Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Swallow
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Curtis Vrabec
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Erica L Clinkenbeard
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander J Stacy
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shruthi Srinivasan
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kalisha O'Neill
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Keith G Avin
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, IN, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, IN, USA
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9
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Surowiec RK, Allen MR, Wallace JM. Bone hydration: How we can evaluate it, what can it tell us, and is it an effective therapeutic target? Bone Rep 2022; 16:101161. [PMID: 35005101 PMCID: PMC8718737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water constitutes roughly a quarter of the cortical bone by volume yet can greatly influence mechanical properties and tissue quality. There is a growing appreciation for how water can dynamically change due to age, disease, and treatment. A key emerging area related to bone mechanical and tissue properties lies in differentiating the role of water in its four different compartments, including free/pore water, water loosely bound at the collagen/mineral interfaces, water tightly bound within collagen triple helices, and structural water within the mineral. This review summarizes our current knowledge of bone water across the four functional compartments and discusses how alterations in each compartment relate to mechanical changes. It provides an overview on the advent of- and improvements to- imaging and spectroscopic techniques able to probe nano-and molecular scales of bone water. These technical advances have led to an emerging understanding of how bone water changes in various conditions, of which aging, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and osteogenesis imperfecta are reviewed. Finally, it summarizes work focused on therapeutically targeting water to improve mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Surowiec
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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10
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Swallow EA, Metzger CE, Chen NX, Wallace JM, Tippen SP, Kohler R, Moe SM, Allen MR. Cortical porosity is elevated after a single dose of zoledronate in two rodent models of chronic kidney disease. Bone Rep 2022; 16:101174. [PMID: 35252482 PMCID: PMC8891946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high risk of fracture in part due to cortical bone deterioration. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of two different bisphosphonates and dosing regimens on cortical microstructure (porosity, thickness, area) and bone mechanical properties in animal models of CKD. METHODS In experiment 1, Male Cy/+ (CKD) rats were treated with either a single dose or ten fractionated doses of zoledronate at 18 weeks of age. Fractionated animals received 1/10th of single dose given weekly for 10 weeks, with study endpoint at 28 weeks of age. In experiment 2, male C57Bl/6 J mice were given dietary adenine (0.2%) to induce CKD. Bisphosphonate treated groups were given either a single dose of zoledronate or weekly risedronate injections for 4 weeks. Cortical microstructure was assessed via μCT and mechanical parameters evaluated by monotonic bending tests. RESULTS Exp 1: CKD rats had higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) compared to NL littermate controls. Single dose zoledronate had significantly higher cortical porosity in CKD S.Zol (2.29%) compared to NL control (0.04%) and untreated CKD (0.14%) (p = 0.004). Exp 2: All adenine groups had significantly higher BUN and PTH compared to control mice. Mice treated with single dose zoledronate (Ad + Zol) had the highest porosity (~6%), which was significantly higher compared to either Ad or Ad + Ris (~3%; p < 0.0001) and control mice had the lowest cortical porosity (0.35%). In both experiments, mechanics were minimally affected by any bisphosphonate dosing regimen. CONCLUSION A single dose of zoledronate leads to higher cortical porosity compared to more frequent dosing of bisphosphonates (fractionated zoledronate or risedronate). Bisphosphonate treatment demonstrated limited effectiveness in preventing cortical bone microstructure deterioration with mechanical parameters remaining compromised due to CKD and/or secondary hyperparathyroidism irrespective of bisphosphonate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Swallow
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Corinne E. Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Neal X. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Samantha P. Tippen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Rachel Kohler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sharon M. Moe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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11
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Swallow EA, Metzger CE, Newman CL, Chen NX, Moe SM, Allen MR. Cortical porosity development and progression is mitigated after etelcalcetide treatment in an animal model of chronic kidney disease. Bone 2022; 157:116340. [PMID: 35085840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. Cortical deteriorations, including cortical porosity, are key factors in fracture susceptibility in CKD. Since secondary hyperparathyroidism is common in CKD individuals and contributes to cortical deterioration, we hypothesized that reducing parathyroid hormone (PTH) may modulate CKD-induced cortical porosity. The goal of this pilot study was to assess the effects of lowering PTH, via the preclinical analogue of the FDA-approved calcimimetic etelcalcetide (KP-2326), on the development and progression of cortical pores in the setting of CKD. METHODS Male Cy/+ Sprague Dawley rats with clinical biochemistries consistent with CKD (N = 8) were assigned to the study. At 30-32 weeks of age, cortical bone was assessed via In vivo μCT and blood collected for biochemistries to create baseline measures. Calcimimetic treatment with KP-2326 (KP) was then administered 3× weekly for 2-4 weeks. Cortical bone and biochemical parameters were repeated at study endpoint (33-37 wks of age). A group of age- and cohort-matched CKD rats (N = 4) were utilized as untreated controls. RESULTS Untreated CKD rats had significantly increased cortical porosity over time, while porosity in KP-treated CKD rats was not significantly changed over time. Individual pore analysis revealed that pore area was significantly higher for expanding pores in untreated CKD rats compared to KP-treated CKD rats. Mechanical properties of KP-treated animal femora were similar to historical values of age-matched CKD animals and lower than those of age-matched non-diseased animals. CONCLUSION Our pilot preclinical study demonstrates that etelcalcetide treatment can mitigate the progression of cortical bone changes in an animal model of CKD through suppression of pre-existing cortical pore expansion and limiting the size of new pore development. While stabilization of porosity is beneficial it remains likely that infilling of porosity will be needed to positively affect mechanical properties of bones in the setting of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Swallow
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Christopher L Newman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Neal X Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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12
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Damrath JG, Chen NX, Metzger CE, Srinivasan S, O'Neill K, Biruete A, Avin KG, Wallace JM, Allen MR, Moe SM. Non-Additive Effects of Combined NOX1/4 Inhibition and Calcimimetic Treatment on a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10600. [PMID: 35309859 PMCID: PMC8914155 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) increases cardiovascular calcification and skeletal fragility in part by increasing systemic oxidative stress and disrupting mineral homeostasis through secondary hyperparathyroidism. We hypothesized that treatments to reduce reactive oxygen species formation and reduce parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels would have additive beneficial effects to prevent cardiovascular calcification and deleterious bone architecture and mechanics before end-stage kidney disease. To test this hypothesis, we treated a naturally progressive model of CKD-MBD, the Cy/+ rat, beginning early in CKD with the NADPH oxidase (NOX1/4) inhibitor GKT-137831 (GKT), the preclinical analogue of the calcimimetic etelcalcetide, KP-2326 (KP), and their combination. The results demonstrated that CKD animals had elevated blood urea nitrogen, PTH, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and phosphorus. Treatment with KP reduced PTH levels compared with CKD animals, whereas GKT treatment increased C-terminal FGF23 levels without altering intact FGF23. GKT treatment alone reduced aortic calcification and NOX4 expression but did not alter the oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG in the serum or aorta. KP treatment reduced aortic 8-OHdG and inhibited the ability for GKT to reduce aortic calcification. Treatments did not alter heart calcification or left ventricular mass. In the skeleton, CKD animals had reduced trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular number with increased trabecular spacing that were not improved with either treatment. The cortical bone was not altered by CKD or by treatments at this early stage of CKD. These results suggest that GKT reduces aortic calcification while KP reduces aortic oxidative stress and reduces PTH, but the combination was not additive. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Damrath
- Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Neal X Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Shruthi Srinivasan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Kalisha O'Neill
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Annabel Biruete
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Keith G Avin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Physical TherapyIndiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringIndiana University‐Purdue University at IndianapolisIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of MedicineRoudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
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13
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Lord AE, Zhang L, Erickson JE, Bryant S, Nelson CM, Gaudette SM, Phillips LA, Schwartz Sterman AJ, Mitra S. Quantitative in vivo micro-computed tomography for monitoring disease activity and treatment response in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2863. [PMID: 35190580 PMCID: PMC8861028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A painful, chronic condition, Rheumatoid Arthritis, is marked by bone erosion and soft tissue swelling at the joint. As treatments are investigated in pre-clinical models, characterizing disease progression is integral to assessing treatment efficacy. Here, in vivo and ex vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT) are used in parallel with traditional caliper score measurement to quantify physiological changes in the tarsal region in a murine, collagen-induced arthritis model. In vivo imaging methods, which are validated here through comparison to ex vivo and caliper methods, afford longitudinal analysis of both bone and soft tissue through a single image acquisition. This method removes the subjectivity of swelling quantification which is inherently associated with traditional caliper measurements. Histopathology offers an additional assessment of bone erosion and inflammation by providing a microscopic characterization of disease activity. In comparison to untreated animals, daily prednisolone (glucocorticoid) treatment is shown to restore bone volume, as reflected through in vivo and ex vivo µCT images, as well as histopathology. Prednisolone-associated reduction in inflammation is shown through in vivo µCT soft tissue volume measurements, paw caliper measurements, and histopathology. The findings reported here provide a comprehensive validation of in vivo µCT with a sensitivity that enables characterization of pre-clinical disease assessment in response to treatment in a murine, collagen-induced arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey E Lord
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 016015, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 016015, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Soumya Mitra
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 016015, USA.
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14
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Tippen SP, Metzger CE, Swallow EA, Sacks SA, Wallace JM, Allen MR. The combination of aging and chronic kidney disease leads to an exacerbated cortical porosity phenotype. Bone 2022; 154:116228. [PMID: 34624561 PMCID: PMC8671241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aging are each independently associated with higher fracture risk. Although CKD is highly prevalent in the aging population, the interaction between these two conditions with respect to bone structure and mechanics is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine cortical porosity and mechanical properties in skeletally mature young and aging mice with CKD. METHODS CKD was induced by feeding 16-week and 78-week male mice 0.2% adenine (AD) for six weeks followed by two weeks of maintenance on a control diet for a total study duration of eight weeks of CKD; control (CON) animals of each age were fed a standard diet. Serum biochemistries, μCT imaging, and mechanical properties via four-point bending were assessed at the endpoint. RESULTS Phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and blood urea nitrogen were elevated in both ages of AD mice compared to age-matched CON; aging AD mice had PTH and BUN values higher than all other groups. Femoral cortical porosity was more than four-fold higher in aging AD mice compared to young AD mice and more than two-fold higher compared to age-matched controls. Structural and estimated material mechanical properties were both lower in aging mice, but there were no significant interactions between AD treatment and age. CONCLUSION These data show an interaction between CKD and aging that produces a more severe biochemical and cortical bone phenotype. This highlights the importance of studying mechanisms and potential interventions in both young and aged animals to translate to a broader spectrum of CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha P Tippen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Swallow
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Spencer A Sacks
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Medicine/Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 4620, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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15
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Neng Nenden Mulyaningsih, Ariadne Lakshmidevi Juwono, Djarwani Soeharso Soejoko, Dewi Apri Astuti. Multi-hole spherical CT scan method to characterize large quantities of bones in rats. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2021. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.215452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New therapeutic options are often explored in in vivo studies using animals like rats. Since rats are small, it is difficult to examine them in a computed tomography (CT) scan. This study aimed to introduce a multi-hole spherical model CT scan method as a new, fast, economical, and reliable method to characterize large quantities of rat bones at once in estimating the timing of osteoporosis in ovariectomized white rats.
METHODS 50 female white rats (12 weeks old) were treated as the control group, and 40 rats of the same age were ovariectomized to establish the osteoporosis model. Sham rats were sacrificed at 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 weeks old, while the ovariectomized rats were sacrificed at 15, 17, 19, and 21 weeks old. Afterward, tibia bones were removed, placed in the multi-hole spherical model, and characterized using a CT scan. Their characteristics were compared using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
RESULTS The Hounsfield unit scores resulted from the multi-hole spherical model CT scan method of tibia bones of rats were consistent with the percentage of the osteocyte cavities, canalicular diameters, and crystal size. The multi-hole spherical model CT scan method could produce 50 times more data than the SEM, TEM, or XRD.
CONCLUSIONS Multi-hole spherical model CT scan was considered good and reliable in assessing bone quality parameters in rat samples simultaneously.
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16
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Sieklucka B, Pawlak D, Domaniewski T, Hermanowicz J, Lipowicz P, Doroszko M, Pawlak K. Serum PTH, PTH1R/ATF4 pathway, and the sRANKL/OPG system in bone as a new link between bone growth, cross-sectional geometry, and strength in young rats with experimental chronic kidney disease. Cytokine 2021; 148:155685. [PMID: 34411988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is associated with deregulated parathyroid hormone (PTH), growth retardation, and low bone accrual. PTH can cause both catabolic and anabolic impact on bone, and the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a downstream target gene of PTH, is related to its anabolic effect. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) are PTH-dependent cytokines, which may play an important role in the regulation of bone remodeling. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of endogenous PTH and the bone RANKL/OPG system on bone growth, cross-sectional geometry and strength utilizing young, nephrectomized rats. The parameters of cross-sectional geometry were significantly elevated in rats with CKD during the three-month experimental period compared with the controls, and they were strongly associated with serum PTH levels and the expression of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R)/ATF4 genes in bone. Low bone soluble RANKL (sRANKL) levels and sRANKL/OPG ratios were also positively correlated with cross-sectional bone geometry and femoral length. Moreover, the analyzed geometric parameters were strongly related to the biomechanical properties of femoral diaphysis. In summary, the mild increase in endogenous PTH, its anabolic PTH1R/ATF4 axis and PTH-dependent alterations in the bone RANKL/OPG system may be one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the favorable impact on bone growth, cross-sectional geometry and strength in young rats with experimental CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sieklucka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Domaniewski
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Lipowicz
- Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Doroszko
- Department of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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17
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Chen NX, O'Neill KD, Dominguez JM, Moe SM. Regulation of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of matrix vesicles induced calcification of recipient vascular smooth muscle cells. Vasc Med 2021; 26:585-594. [PMID: 34338093 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x211024721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased oxidative stress is associated with vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We have previously demonstrated that cellular-derived matrix vesicles (MV), but not media-derived MV, are endocytosed in the presence of phosphorus by recipient normal rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and induce calcification through ERK1/2 and [Ca2+]i signaling. We hypothesized that these changes were mediated by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. METHODS MV were co-cultured with recipient VSMC in the presence of high phosphorus and ROS production and cell signaling assessed. RESULTS The results demonstrated MV endocytosis led to increased ROS production in recipient VSMC with no increase in mitochondrial oxygen consumption or oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), indicating the ROS was not from the mitochondria. The use of inhibitors demonstrated that endocytosis of these MV by VSMC led to a signaling cascade in the cytoplasm beginning with ERK1/2 signaling, then increased [Ca2+]i and stimulation of ROS production, mediated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX)1/4. Media-derived MV did not induce this cascade, indicating endocytosis itself was not a factor. Furthermore, inhibition of either ERK1/2 activation or [Ca2+]i reduced vascular calcification. CONCLUSION We conclude that endocytosis of pro-mineralizing MV can induce a series of signaling events in normal VSMC that culminate in generation of ROS via activation of NOX1/4. Understanding these pathways will allow the development of future targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal X Chen
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kalisha D O'Neill
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James M Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roduebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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18
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Metzger CE, Swallow EA, Stacy AJ, Allen MR. Strain-specific alterations in the skeletal response to adenine-induced chronic kidney disease are associated with differences in parathyroid hormone levels. Bone 2021; 148:115963. [PMID: 33878503 PMCID: PMC8102422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to loss of cortical bone through cortical thinning and the development of cortical porosity. The goal of this current study was to assess cortical bone alterations to adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in two strains of mice with known genetic differences in cortical thickness. We hypothesized that C3H mice with thicker cortices and baseline levels of intracortical remodeling would have greater cortical porosity in response to adenine-induced CKD compared to B6 animals. METHODS Female C57BL/6 J (B6) and C3H/Hej (C3H) at 16-weeks of age were given a diet with 0.2% adenine to induce CKD for 6 weeks followed by a control diet for 4 weeks. Age- and strain-matched controls were fed the control diet without adenine for the 10-week period (n = 8 per group per strain). RESULTS Both strains of adenine-fed mice had elevated blood urea nitrogen, demonstrating compromised kidney function, compared to strain-matched controls, but only B6 adenine mice had statistically higher parathyroid hormone (PTH), greater cortical porosity, high bone turnover rate, a greater percentage of osteocytes positive for RANKL and IL-17, and lower osteocyte apoptosis compared to B6 controls. C3H mice had intracortical remodeling present in both control and adenine mice, while B6 mice had intracortical remodeling present only in adenine mice. Adenine mice of both strains had lower cortical thickness and a higher percentage of osteocytes positive for TNF-α compared to controls. CONCLUSION While both strains of mice had biochemical markers of kidney disease, only B6 mice developed a phenotype with significantly elevated PTH, high bone turnover, and cortical porosity development. This work, in a model of progressive CKD, further confirms the role of chronically elevated PTH in the development of cortical porosity and demonstrates adenine-induced increases in PTH contribute to intracortical remodeling in B6 mice. Adenine-induced changes that occurred in both strains of mice, notably lower cortical thickness and a higher percentage of osteocytes expressing TNF-α, indicate potential PTH-independent responses to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Swallow
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexander J Stacy
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Medicine - Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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19
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Williams JC, Lingeman JE, Daudon M, Bazin D. Using micro computed tomographic imaging for analyzing kidney stones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 24. [PMID: 34321982 DOI: 10.5802/crchim.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stone analysis is a critical part of the clinical characterization of urolithiasis. This article reviews the strengths and limitations of micro CT in the analysis of stones. Using micro CT alone in a series of 757 stone specimens, micro CT identified the 458 majority calcium oxalate specimens with a sensitivity of 99.6% and specificity of 95.3%. Micro CT alone was also successful in identifying majority apatite, brushite, uric acid, and struvite stones. For some minor minerals-such as apatite in calcium oxalate or calcium salts in uric acid stones-micro CT enables the detection of minute quantities well below 1%. The addition of a standard for calibrating X-ray attenuation values improves the ability of micro CT to identify common stone minerals. The three-dimensional nature of micro CT also allows for the visualization of surface features in stones, which is valuable for the study of stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Williams
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (USA)
| | - James E Lingeman
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (USA)
| | - Michel Daudon
- UMR S1155, INSERM/UPMC, 4 Rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris Cedex 20, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Explorations fonctionnelles multidisciplinaires, 4 Rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris Cedex 20, France
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20
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Metzger CE, Swallow EA, Stacy AJ, Allen MR. Adenine-induced chronic kidney disease induces a similar skeletal phenotype in male and female C57BL/6 mice with more severe deficits in cortical bone properties of male mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250438. [PMID: 33891630 PMCID: PMC8064570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes bone loss, particularly in cortical bone, through formation of cortical pores which lead to skeletal fragility. Animal models of CKD have shown variability in the skeletal response to CKD between males and females suggesting sex may play a role in this variation. Our aim was to compare the impact of adenine-induced CKD on cortical parameters in skeletally mature male and female C57Bl/6 mice. After 10-weeks of adenine-induced CKD, both male and female adenine mice had high serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), high bone turnover, and cortical porosity compared to non-CKD controls. Both sexes had lower cortical thickness, but only male mice had lower cortical bone area. CKD imparted greater deficits in mechanical properties of male mice compared to female mice. These data demonstrate that both male and female mice develop high PTH/high bone turnover in response to adenine-induced CKD and that cortical bone phenotypes are slightly more severe in males, particularly in mechanical properties deficits.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/adverse effects
- Adenine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/blood
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/chemically induced
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/genetics
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/pathology
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Cortical Bone/metabolism
- Cortical Bone/pathology
- Diet
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Femur/drug effects
- Femur/metabolism
- Femur/pathology
- Humans
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Parathyroid Hormone/blood
- Phenotype
- Porosity/drug effects
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Sex Characteristics
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E. Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Swallow
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Alexander J. Stacy
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Heilmeier U, Joseph GB, Pasco C, Dinh N, Torabi S, Darakananda K, Youm J, Carballido-Gamio J, Burghardt AJ, Link TM, Kazakia GJ. Longitudinal Evolution of Bone Microarchitecture and Bone Strength in Type 2 Diabetic Postmenopausal Women With and Without History of Fragility Fractures-A 5-Year Follow-Up Study Using High Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:599316. [PMID: 33796067 PMCID: PMC8008748 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.599316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic bone disease is characterized by an increased fracture risk which may be partly attributed to deficits in cortical bone quality such as higher cortical porosity. However, the temporal evolution of bone microarchitecture, strength, and particularly of cortical porosity in diabetic bone disease is still unknown. Here, we aimed to prospectively characterize the 5-year changes in bone microarchitecture, strength, and cortical porosity in type 2 diabetic (T2D) postmenopausal women with (DMFx) and without history of fragility fractures (DM) and to compare those to nondiabetic fracture free controls (Co) using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Methods Thirty-two women underwent baseline HR-pQCT scanning of the ultradistal tibia and radius and a FU-scan 5 years later. Bone microarchitectural parameters, including cortical porosity, and bone strength estimates via µFEA were calculated for each timepoint and annualized. Linear regression models (adjusted for race and change in BMI) were used to compare the annualized percent changes in microarchitectural parameters between groups. Results At baseline at the tibia, DMFx subjects exhibited the highest porosity of the three groups (66.3% greater Ct.Po, 71.9% higher Ct.Po.Volume than DM subjects, p < 0.022). Longitudinally, porosity increased significantly over time in all three groups and at similar annual rates, while DMFx exhibited the greatest annual decreases in bone strength indices (compared to DM 4.7× and 6.7× greater decreases in failure load [F] and stiffness [K], p < 0.025; compared to Co 14.1× and 22.2× greater decreases in F and K, p < 0.020). Conclusion Our data suggest that despite different baseline levels in cortical porosity, T2D women with and without fractures experienced long-term porosity increases at a rate similar to non-diabetics. However, the annual loss in bone strength was greatest in T2D women with a history of a fragility fractures. This suggests a potentially non-linear course of cortical porosity development in T2D bone disease: major porosity may develop early in the course of disease, followed by a smaller steady annual increase in porosity which in turn can still have a detrimental effect on bone strength-depending on the amount of early cortical pre-damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Heilmeier
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabby B. Joseph
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Courtney Pasco
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nhan Dinh
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Soheyla Torabi
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Karin Darakananda
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jiwon Youm
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Julio Carballido-Gamio
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Andrew J. Burghardt
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thomas M. Link
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Galateia J. Kazakia
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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22
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Metzger CE, Swallow EA, Stacy AJ, Tippen SP, Hammond MA, Chen NX, Moe SM, Allen MR. Reversing cortical porosity: Cortical pore infilling in preclinical models of chronic kidney disease. Bone 2021; 143:115632. [PMID: 32927105 PMCID: PMC7770083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a high incidence of fracture due in part to cortical porosity. The goal of this study was to study cortical pore infilling utilizing two rodent models of progressive CKD. METHODS Exp 1: Female C57Bl/6J mice (16-week-old) were given dietary adenine (0.2%) to induce CKD for 10 weeks after which calcium water supplementation (Ca-H2O; 1.5% and 3%) was given to suppress PTH for another 4 weeks. Exp 2: Male Cy/+ rats were aged to ~30 weeks with baseline porosity assessed using in vivo μCT. A second in vivo scan followed 5-weeks of Ca-H2O (3%) supplementation. RESULTS Exp 1: Untreated adenine mice had elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and cortical porosity (~2.6% porosity) while Ca-H2O lowered PTH and cortical porosity (0.5-0.8% porosity). Exp 2: Male Cy/+ rats at baseline had variable porosity (0.5%-10%), but after PTH suppression via Ca-H2O, cortical porosity in all rats was lower than 0.5%. Individual pore dynamics measured via a custom MATLAB code demonstrated that 85% of pores infilled while 12% contracted in size. CONCLUSION Ca-H2O supplementation causes net cortical pore infilling over time and imparted mechanical benefits. While calcium supplementation is not a viable clinical treatment for CKD, these data demonstrate pore infilling is possible and further research is required to examine clinically relevant therapeutics that may cause net pore infilling in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Swallow
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alexander J Stacy
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Samantha P Tippen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Max A Hammond
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Neal X Chen
- Department of Medicine - Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Medicine - Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Medicine - Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Kidney disease imparts profound skeletal changes, and unlike many other skeletal diseases, cortical bone is predominantly impacted. Significant advances in medical imaging have led to our ability to now obtain high-resolution three-dimensional views of cortical bone. This paper overviews recent work focused on cortical bone imaging, specifically cortical porosity, in kidney disease. RECENT FINDINGS Although a number of clinical papers have used high-resolution imaging to assess cortical bone porosity, the most impactful work involves longitudinal study designs that have assessed cortical porosity changes over time. These latter studies demonstrate dramatic increases in cortical porosity in untreated individuals and a lack of clear efficacy in reversing porosity with treatment (although data are limited). Those papers providing longitudinal assessment, both clinical and pre-clinical, reveal powerful data about cortical porosity and provide a foundation upon which future studies can build.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Medicine - Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Swallow
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The molecular mechanisms of the bone disease associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), called renal osteodystrophy (ROD), are poorly understood. New transcriptomics technologies may provide clinically relevant insights into the pathogenesis of ROD. This review summarizes current progress and limitations in the study and treatment of ROD, and in transcriptomics analyses of skeletal tissues. RECENT FINDINGS ROD is characterized by poor bone quality and strength leading to increased risk of fracture. Recent studies indicate permanent alterations in bone cell populations during ROD. Single-cell transcriptomics analyses, successful at identifying specialized cell subpopulations in bone, have not yet been performed in ROD. ROD is a widespread poorly understood bone disease with limited treatment options. Transcriptomics analyses of bone are needed to identify the bone cell subtypes and their role in the pathogenesis of ROD, and to develop adequate diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Martin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, 320 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Valentin David
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, 320 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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25
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Metzger CE, Swallow EA, Allen MR. Elevations in Cortical Porosity Occur Prior to Significant Rise in Serum Parathyroid Hormone in Young Female Mice with Adenine-Induced CKD. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:392-400. [PMID: 31832725 PMCID: PMC7422916 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to significant bone loss primarily through the development of cortical porosity. In both patients and animal models of CKD, sustained elevations in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with cortical porosity. In this study, we aimed to track the progression of cortical porosity and increased PTH utilizing the adenine-induced CKD model. Young female mice (8 weeks) were given 0.2% adenine to induce CKD. Tissues were collected from groups of adenine and age-matched control mice after 2, 6, and 10 weeks. Serum blood urea nitrogen was elevated at all time points in adenine mice, but serum PTH was only statistically elevated at the 10-week time point. Cortical porosity was sevenfold higher in 6-week adenine mice compared to age-matched controls and 14-fold higher in 10-week adenine mice vs. controls. Additionally, osteocyte receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) was elevated in adenine-fed mice, while annexin V, an early marker of cellular apoptosis, was mildly decreased in osteocytes in adenine-fed mice. Based on these results, we hypothesize high serum PTH signals to osteocytes prolonging their lifespan resulting in sustained RANKL which drives osteoclastic bone resorption in the cortex. In conclusion, our data show time-dependent elevations in serum PTH and cortical porosity in adenine-induced CKD mice and demonstrate changes in osteocyte RANKL and apoptosis which may contribute to the development of cortical pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Swallow
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medicine - Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, MS 5035, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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26
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Allen MR, Wallace J, McNerney E, Nyman J, Avin K, Chen N, Moe S. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an anti-oxidant, does not improve bone mechanical properties in a rat model of progressive chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230379. [PMID: 32203558 PMCID: PMC7089527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with chronic kidney disease have elevated levels of oxidative stress and are at a significantly higher risk of skeletal fracture. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which accumulate in bone and compromise mechanical properties, are known to be driven in part by oxidative stress. The goal of this study was to study effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on reducing oxidative stress and improving various bone parameters, most specifically mechanical properties, in an animal model of progressive CKD. Male Cy/+ (CKD) rats and unaffected littermates were untreated (controls) or treated with NAC (80 mg/kg, IP) from 30 to 35 weeks of age. Endpoint measures included serum biochemistries, assessments of systemic oxidative stress, bone morphology, and mechanical properties, and AGE levels in the bone. CKD rats had the expected phenotype that included low kidney function, elevated parathyroid hormone, higher cortical porosity, and compromised mechanical properties. NAC treatment had mixed effects on oxidative stress markers, significantly reducing TBARS (a measure of lipid peroxidation) while not affecting 8-OHdG (a marker of DNA oxidation) levels. AGE levels in the bone were elevated in CKD animals and were reduced with NAC although this did not translate to a benefit in bone mechanical properties. In conclusion, NAC failed to significantly improve bone architecture/geometry/mechanical properties in our rat model of progressive CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University—Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Joseph Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University—Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Erin McNerney
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Jeffry Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Keith Avin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Neal Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Sharon Moe
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
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27
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Lin Z, He H, Wang M, Liang J. MicroRNA-130a controls bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards the osteoblastic and adipogenic fate. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12688. [PMID: 31557368 PMCID: PMC6869834 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives With age, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) have reduced ability of differentiating into osteoblasts but have increased ability of differentiating into adipocytes which leads to age‐related bone loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play major roles in regulating BMSC differentiation. This paper explored the role of miRNAs in regulating BMSC differentiation swift fate in age‐related osteoporosis. Material and methods Mice and human BMSC were isolated from bone marrow, whose miR‐130a level was measured. The abilities of BMSC differentiate into osteoblast or fat cell under the transfected with agomiR‐130a or antagomiR‐130a were analysed by the level of ALP, osteocalcin, Runx2, osterix or peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptorγ (PPARγ), Fabp4. Related mechanism was verified via qT‐PCR, Western blotting (WB) and siRNA transfection. Animal phenotype intravenous injection with agomiR‐130a or agomiR‐NC was explored by Micro‐CT, immunochemistry and calcein double‐labelling. Results MiR‐130a was dramatically decreased in BMSC of advanced subjects. Overexpression of miR‐130a increased osteogenic differentiation of BMSC and attenuated adipogenic differentiation in BMSC, conversely, Inhibition of miR‐130a reduced osteogenic differentiation and facilitated lipid droplet formation. Consistently, overexpression of miR‐130a in elderly mice dropped off the bone loss. Furthermore, the protein levels of Smad regulatory factors 2 (Smurf2) and PPARγ were regulated by miR‐130a with an negative effect through directly combining the 3'UTR of Smurf2 and PPARγ. Conclusions The results indicated that miR‐130a promotes osteoblastic differentiation of BMSC by negatively regulating Smurf2 expression and suppresses adipogenic differentiation of BMSC by targeting the PPARγ, and supply a new target for clinical therapy of age‐related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyuan Lin
- Department of Orthopedic, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Orthopedic, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopedic, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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