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Yan B, Li Z, Su H, Xue H, Qiu D, Xu Z, Tan G. Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy-related ncRNAs in bone metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1178310. [PMID: 38146458 PMCID: PMC10749346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolic diseases have been tormented and are plaguing people worldwide due to the lack of effective and thorough medical interventions and the poor understanding of their pathogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are heterogeneous transcripts that cannot encode the proteins but can affect the expressions of other genes. Autophagy is a fundamental mechanism for keeping cell viability, recycling cellular contents through the lysosomal pathway, and maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular environment. There is growing evidence that ncRNAs, autophagy, and crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy play complex roles in progression of metabolic bone disease. This review investigated the complex mechanisms by which ncRNAs, mainly micro RNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), regulate autophagic pathway to assist in treating bone metabolism disorders. It aimed at identifying the autophagy role in bone metabolism disorders and understanding the role, potential, and challenges of crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy for bone metabolism disorders treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Yan
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Su
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Daodi Qiu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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2
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Peng X, Ding C, Zhao Y, Hao M, Liu W, Yang M, Xiao F, Zheng Y. Poloxamer 407 and Hyaluronic Acid Thermosensitive Hydrogel-Encapsulated Ginsenoside Rg3 to Promote Skin Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:831007. [PMID: 35866029 PMCID: PMC9294355 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.831007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 has shown beneficial effects in various skin diseases. The current interest in designing and developing hydrogels for biomedical applications continues to grow, inspiring the further development of drug-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and localized drug delivery. The aim of the present study was to develop an effective and safe hydrogel (Rg3-Gel), using ginsenoside Rg3, and we evaluated the wound-healing potential and therapeutic mechanism of Rg3-Gel. The results indicated that the optimized Rg3-Gel underwent discontinuous phase transition at low and high temperatures. Rg3-Gel also exhibited good network structures, swelling water retention capacity, sustainable release performance, and excellent biocompatibility. Subsequently, the good antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Rg3-Gel were confirmed by in vitro tests. In full-thickness skin defect wounded models, Rg3-Gel significantly accelerated the wound contraction, promoted epithelial and tissue regeneration, and promoted collagen deposition and angiogenesis. In addition, Rg3-Gel increased the expression of autophagy proteins by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-KB pathways in vivo. It simultaneously regulated host immunity by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and the diversity of the wound surface flora. From these preliminary evaluations, it is possible to conclude that Rg3-Gel has excellent application potential in wound-healing drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Peng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingqian Hao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wencong Liu, ; Min Yang,
| | - Min Yang
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Wencong Liu, ; Min Yang,
| | - Fengyan Xiao
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Yinan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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3
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Al-Bari AA. Inhibition of autolysosomes by repurposing drugs as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2078894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Alim Al-Bari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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4
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Trojani MC, Santucci-Darmanin S, Breuil V, Carle GF, Pierrefite-Carle V. Autophagy and bone diseases. Joint Bone Spine 2021; 89:105301. [PMID: 34673234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous cellular process, allowing the removal and recycling of damaged proteins and organelles. At the basal level, this process plays a role in quality control, thus participating in cellular homeostasis. Autophagy can also be induced by various stresses, such as nutrient deprivation or hypoxia, to allow the cell to survive until conditions improve. In recent years, the role of this process has been widely studied in many pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases or cancers. In bone tissue, various studies have shown that autophagy is involved in the survival, differentiation and activity of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. The evolution of this knowledge has led to the identification of new molecular pathophysiological mechanisms in bone pathologies. This review reports the current state of knowledge on the role of autophagy in 4 bone diseases: osteoporosis, which seems to be associated with a decrease in autophagy, osteopetrosis and Paget's disease where the course of the autophagic process is disturbed, and finally osteosarcoma where autophagy seems to play a protumoral role. A better understanding of the involvement of autophagy in these pathologies should eventually lead to the identification of new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Trojani
- UMR E-430 TIRO-MATOS CEA/DRF Institut Joliot, faculté de médecine de Nice, université Nice Côte d'Azur, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France; Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Sabine Santucci-Darmanin
- UMR E-430 TIRO-MATOS CEA/DRF Institut Joliot, faculté de médecine de Nice, université Nice Côte d'Azur, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Véronique Breuil
- UMR E-430 TIRO-MATOS CEA/DRF Institut Joliot, faculté de médecine de Nice, université Nice Côte d'Azur, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France; Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Georges F Carle
- UMR E-430 TIRO-MATOS CEA/DRF Institut Joliot, faculté de médecine de Nice, université Nice Côte d'Azur, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- UMR E-430 TIRO-MATOS CEA/DRF Institut Joliot, faculté de médecine de Nice, université Nice Côte d'Azur, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France; Inserm, Paris, France.
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5
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Tang J, Li Y, Xia S, Li J, Yang Q, Ding K, Zhang H. Sequestosome 1/p62: A multitasker in the regulation of malignant tumor aggression (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:77. [PMID: 34414460 PMCID: PMC8425587 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62 is an adapter protein mainly involved in the transportation, degradation and destruction of various proteins that cooperates with components of autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. Numerous studies have shown that SQSTM1/p62 functions at multiple levels, including involvement in genetic stability or modification, post-transcriptional regulation and protein function. As a result, SQSTM1/p62 is a versatile protein that is a critical core regulator of tumor cell genetic stability, autophagy, apoptosis and other forms of cell death, malignant growth, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis and chemoradiotherapeutic response, and an indicator of patient prognosis. SQSTM1/p62 regulates these processes via its distinct molecular structure, through which it participates in a variety of activating or inactivating tumor-related and tumor microenvironment-related signaling pathways, particularly positive feedback loops and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related pathways. Therefore, functioning as a proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in various types of cancer and tumor-associated microenvironments, SQSTM1/p62 is capable of promoting or retarding malignant tumor aggression, giving rise to immeasurable effects on tumor occurrence and development, and on patient treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Tang
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Shuli Xia
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jinfan Li
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China,Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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6
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Mao Y, Deng SJ, Su YJ, Diao C, Peng Y, Ma JF, Cheng RC. The role of P62 in the development of human thyroid cancer and its possible mechanism. Cancer Genet 2021; 256-257:5-16. [PMID: 33780725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy in human endocrine system. Increasing evidence has indicated that p62 plays a key role in tumorigenesis. The roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of P62 in thyroid cancer, however, remain to be elucidated. METHODS The expression levels of P62 in thyroid tumor tissues and thyroid cancer cells were detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Then, the effects of up-regulation or down-regulation of P62 on thyroid cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. In terms of the mechanism, P62 could stimulate thyroid cancer progression by the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. RESULTS P62 was highly expressed in thyroid tumor tissues. Furthermore, high expression of p62 was observed in PTC cell lines, and especially in the K1 and TPC-1 cells. In vitro, the up-regulation of p62 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells, whereas the knockdown of p62 resulted in the opposite effect. Knock-down of P62 increased the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase but reduced it in the S and G2/M phase. Moreover, we confirmed that overexpression of p62 inactivated NF-κB pathway with sequencing analysis and bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSION This research work suggested that p62 could promote PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, p62 is a potential biomarker which might be closely related to the tumorigenesis in PTC. Its potential role as a therapeutic target for PTC is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mao
- Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650500, China; Thyroid and Breast Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China
| | | | - Yan-Jun Su
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Chang Diao
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jun-Feng Ma
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Ruo-Chuan Cheng
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan 650032, China.
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7
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Li D, He C, Ye F, Ye E, He H, Chen G, Zhang J. p62 Overexpression Promotes Bone Metastasis of Lung Adenocarcinoma out of LC3-Dependent Autophagy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:609548. [PMID: 34094898 PMCID: PMC8175982 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.609548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p62 protein has been implicated in bone metastasis and is a multifunctional adaptor protein usually correlated with autophagy. Herein, we investigated p62 expression and its prognostic significance in bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma, and analyzed whether the mechanism involved depends on autophagy. mRNA and protein expression of p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively, in fresh bone metastasis tissues (n=6 cases) and normal cancellous bone tissues (n=3 cases). The association between p62 and LC3B expression and patient prognosis was subsequently analyzed in 62 paraffin-embedded bone metastasis specimens by immunohistochemistry assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was employed to downregulate p62 expression in SPC-A-1 and A549 cells. Cell proliferation and migration ability were tested by CCK8, CCF and Transwell assays respectively. Autophagy was induced by Rapamycin or inhibited by Atg 7 knockout/Chloroquine in A549 cells and p62 and LC3II/I expression were analyzed. After subcutaneous inoculation or intracardial injection of A549 cells into nude mice, the effect of p62 downregulation in vivo was analyzed by histopathological examination. The results showed that p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 mRNA and protein were all overexpressed in bone metastasis tissues (all P<0.01). Patient samples with high p62 expression levels were significantly associated with more bone lesions (>3), shorter overall survival rates and shorter progression free survival rates compared with patients having lower p62 expression (P=0.014, P=0.003, P=0.048, respectively). Cox regression analysis identified p62 expression as an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival of patients with bone metastasis (P=0.007). In vitro p62 downregulation inhibited SPC-A-1 and A549 cells migration but had no effect on cell proliferation. After autophagy induction or inhibition, p62 expression involved in autophagy flux and changed inconsistently according to the switch of LC3I to LC3II in different autophagy conditions. In vivo p62 downregulation had no effect on growth of subcutaneous tumor. Lung or bone metastasis lesion was not found in all mice model. These findings suggested that p62 overexpression promotes tumor cell invasion out of LC3-dependent autophagy, which could be used a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chuanchun He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - En Ye
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Hao He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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8
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Suzuki A, Iwata J. Amino acid metabolism and autophagy in skeletal development and homeostasis. Bone 2021; 146:115881. [PMID: 33578033 PMCID: PMC8462526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an active organ that is continuously remodeled throughout life via formation and resorption; therefore, a fine-tuned bone (re)modeling is crucial for bone homeostasis and is closely connected with energy metabolism. Amino acids are essential for various cellular functions as well as an energy source, and their synthesis and catabolism (e.g., metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids) are regulated through numerous enzymatic cascades. In addition, the intracellular levels of amino acids are maintained by autophagy, a cellular recycling system for proteins and organelles; under nutrient deprivation conditions, autophagy is strongly induced to compensate for cellular demands and to restore the amino acid pool. Metabolites derived from amino acids are known to be precursors of bioactive molecules such as second messengers and neurotransmitters, which control various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis. Thus, amino acid metabolism and autophagy are tightly and reciprocally regulated in our bodies. This review discusses the current knowledge and potential links between bone diseases and deficiencies in amino acid metabolism and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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9
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Qiu Y, Wang J, Li H, Yang B, Wang J, He Q, Weng Q. Emerging views of OPTN (optineurin) function in the autophagic process associated with disease. Autophagy 2021; 18:73-85. [PMID: 33783320 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1908722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a highly conserved process in eukaryotic cells. It plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis by delivering cytoplasmic cargos to lysosomes for selective degradation. OPTN (optineurin), a well-recognized autophagy receptor, has received considerable attention due to its multiple roles in the autophagic process. OPTN is associated with many human disorders that are closely related to autophagy, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and nephropathy. Here, we review the function of OPTN as an autophagy receptor at different stages of autophagy, focusing on cargo recognition, autophagosome formation, autophagosome maturation, and lysosomal quality control. OPTN tends to be protective in most autophagy associated diseases, though the molecular mechanism of OPTN regulation in these diseases is not well understood. A comprehensive review of the function of OPTN in autophagy provides valuable insight into the pathogenesis of human diseases related to OPTN and facilitates the discovery of potential key regulators and novel therapeutic targets for disease intervention in patients with autophagic diseases.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy-related; APAP: acetaminophen; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CC: coiled-coil; HACE1: HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1; MYO6: myosin VI; IKBKG/NEMO: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma; IKK: IκB kinase; LIR: LC3-interacting region; LZ: leucine zipper; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B subunit; OPTN: optineurin; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RTECs: renal tubular epithelial cells; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TOM1: target of myb1 membrane trafficking protein; UBD: ubiquitin-binding domain; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; ZF: zinc finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Qiu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Guo YF, Su T, Yang M, Li CJ, Guo Q, Xiao Y, Huang Y, Liu Y, Luo XH. The role of autophagy in bone homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4152-4173. [PMID: 33452680 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process and is considered one of the main catabolism pathways. In the process of autophagy, cells are digested nonselectively or selectively to recover nutrients and energy, so it is regarded as an antiaging process. In addition to the essential role of autophagy in cellular homeostasis, autophagy is a stress response mechanism for cell survival. Here, we review recent literature describing the pathway of autophagy and its role in different bone cell types, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Also discussed is the mechanism of autophagy in bone diseases associated with bone homeostasis, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease. Finally, we discuss the application of autophagy regulators in bone diseases. This review aims to introduce autophagy, summarize the understanding of its relevance in bone physiology, and discuss its role and therapeutic potential in the pathogenesis of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Roy M, Roux S. Rab GTPases in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207655. [PMID: 33081155 PMCID: PMC7589333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases) of the Rab family are involved in plasma membrane delivery, fusion events, and lysosomal and autophagic degradation pathways, thereby regulating signaling pathways and cell differentiation and function. Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that maintain bone homeostasis. Polarized vesicular trafficking pathways result in the formation of the ruffled border, the osteoclast’s resorptive organelle, which also assists in transcytosis. Here, we reviewed the different roles of Rab GTPases in the endomembrane machinery of osteoclasts and in bone diseases caused by the dysfunction of these proteins, with a particular focus on autophagy and bone resorption. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoclast-related bone disease development is critical for developing and improving therapies.
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