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Liang H, Li J, Zhang K. Pathogenic role of S100 proteins in psoriasis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191645. [PMID: 37346040 PMCID: PMC10279876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The histopathological features of psoriasis include excessive proliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of immune cells. The S100 proteins are a group of EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins, including S100A2, -A7, -A8/A9, -A12, -A15, which expression levels are markedly upregulated in psoriatic skin. These proteins exert numerous functions such as serving as intracellular Ca2+ sensors, transduction of Ca2+ signaling, response to extracellular stimuli, energy metabolism, and regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Evidence shows a crucial role of S100 proteins in the development and progress of inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. S100 proteins can possibly be used as potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarkers. This review focuses on the pathogenic role of S100 proteins in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junqin Li
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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2
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S100A12 in Digestive Diseases and Health: A Scoping Review. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:2868373. [PMID: 32184815 PMCID: PMC7061133 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2868373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calgranulin proteins are an important class of molecules involved in innate immunity. These members of the S100 class of the EF-hand family of calcium-binding proteins have numerous cellular and antimicrobial functions. One protein in particular, S100A12 (also called EN-RAGE or calgranulin C), is highly abundant in neutrophils during acute inflammation and has been implicated in immune regulation. Structure-function analyses reveal that S100A12 has the capacity to bind calcium, zinc, and copper, processes that contribute to nutritional immunity against invading microbial pathogens. S100A12 is a ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and CD36, which promote cellular and immunological pathways to alter inflammation. We conducted a scoping review of the existing literature to define what is known about the association of S100A12 with digestive disease and health. Results suggest that S100A12 is implicated in gastroenteritis, necrotizing enterocolitis, gastritis, gastric cancer, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and digestive tract cancers. Together, these results reveal S100A12 is an important molecule broadly associated with the pathogenesis of digestive diseases.
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3
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Spratt DE, Barber KR, Marlatt NM, Ngo V, Macklin JA, Xiao Y, Konermann L, Duennwald ML, Shaw GS. A subset of calcium-binding S100 proteins show preferential heterodimerization. FEBS J 2019; 286:1859-1876. [PMID: 30719832 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of proteins into dimers and oligomers is a necessary step for the proper function of transcription factors, muscle proteins, and proteases. In uncontrolled states, oligomerization can also contribute to illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease. The S100 protein family is a group of dimeric proteins that have important roles in enzyme regulation, cell membrane repair, and cell growth. Most S100 proteins have been examined in their homodimeric state, yet some of these important proteins are found in similar tissues implying that heterodimeric molecules can also be formed from the combination of two different S100 members. In this work, we have established co-expression methods in order to identify and quantify the distribution of homo- and heterodimers for four specific pairs of S100 proteins in their calcium-free states. The split GFP trap methodology was used in combination with other GFP variants to simultaneously quantify homo- and heterodimeric S100 proteins in vitro and in living cells. For the specific S100 proteins examined, NMR, mass spectrometry, and GFP trap experiments consistently show that S100A1:S100B, S100A1:S100P, and S100A11:S100B heterodimers are the predominant species formed compared to their corresponding homodimers. We expect the tools developed here will help establish the roles of S100 heterodimeric proteins and identify how heterodimerization might alter the specificity for S100 protein action in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Spratt
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Kathryn R Barber
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Nicole M Marlatt
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Vy Ngo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Jillian A Macklin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Yiming Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Gary S Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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4
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Mendes LFS, Basso LGM, Kumagai PS, Fonseca-Maldonado R, Costa-Filho AJ. Disorder-to-order transitions in the molten globule-like Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:855-865. [PMID: 29339081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Proteins (GRASPs) are widely spread among eukaryotic cells (except plants) and are considered as key components in both the stacking of the Golgi cisternae and its lateral connection. Furthermore, GRASPs were also proved essential in the unconventional secretion pathway of several proteins, even though the mechanism remains obscure. It was previously observed that the GRASP homologue in Cryptococcus neoformans has a molten globule-like behavior in solution. METHODS We used circular dichroism, synchrotron radiation circular dichroism and steady-state as well as time-resolved fluorescence. RESULTS We report the disorder-to-order transition propensities for a native molten globule-like protein in the presence of different mimetics of cell conditions. Changes in the dielectric constant (such as those experienced close to the membrane surface) seem to be the major factor in inducing multiple disorder-to-order transitions in GRASP, which shows very distinct behavior when in conditions that mimic the vicinity of the membrane surface as compared to those found when free in solution. Other folding factors such as molecular crowding, counter ions, pH and phosphorylation exhibit lower or no effect on GRASP secondary structure and/or stability. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on understanding the disorder-to-order transitions of a molten globule structure without the need of any mild denaturing condition. A model is also introduced aiming at describing how the cell could manipulate the GRASP sensitivity to changes in the dielectric constant during different cell-cycle periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F S Mendes
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis G M Basso
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Kumagai
- Grupo de Biofísica Molecular "Sérgio Mascarenhas", Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Fonseca-Maldonado
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto Federal de São Paulo, Campus Jacareí, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Costa-Filho
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Kumagai PS, Araujo APU, Lopes JLS. Going deep into protein secondary structure with synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:517-527. [PMID: 28825203 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a fast, powerful, well-established, and widely used analytical technique in the biophysical and structural biology community to study protein secondary structure and to track changes in protein conformation in different environments. The use of the intense light of a synchrotron beam as the light source for collecting CD measurements has emerged as an enhanced method, known as synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) spectroscopy, that has several advantages over the conventional CD method, including a significant spectral range extension for data collection, deeper access to the lower limit (cut-off) of conventional CD spectroscopy, an improved signal-to-noise ratio to increase accuracy in the measurements, and the possibility to collect measurements in highly absorbing solutions. In this review, we discuss different applications of the SRCD technique by researchers from Latin America. In this context, we specifically look at the use of this method for examining the secondary structure and conformational behavior of proteins belonging to the four main classes of the hierarchical protein domain classification CATH (Class, Architecture, Topology, Homology) database, focusing on the advantages and improvements associated with SRCD spectroscopy in terms of characterizing proteins composed of different structural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Kumagai
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P U Araujo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose L S Lopes
- Departamento Física Aplicada, Instituto de Física,, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
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6
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Mendes LFS, Garcia AF, Kumagai PS, de Morais FR, Melo FA, Kmetzsch L, Vainstein MH, Rodrigues ML, Costa-Filho AJ. New structural insights into Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein (GRASP) in solution. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29976. [PMID: 27436376 PMCID: PMC4951691 DOI: 10.1038/srep29976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all proteins localized in the Golgi apparatus, a two-PDZ (PSD95/DlgA/Zo-1) domain protein plays an important role in the assembly of the cisternae. This Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein (GRASP) has puzzled researchers due to its large array of functions and relevance in Golgi functionality. We report here a biochemical and biophysical study of the GRASP55/65 homologue in Cryptococcus neoformans (CnGRASP). Bioinformatic analysis, static fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies, calorimetry, small angle X-ray scattering, solution nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography and proteolysis assays were used to unravel structural features of the full-length CnGRASP. We detected the coexistence of regular secondary structures and large amounts of disordered regions. The overall structure is less compact than a regular globular protein and the high structural flexibility makes its hydrophobic core more accessible to solvent. Our results indicate an unusual behavior of CnGRASP in solution, closely resembling a class of intrinsically disordered proteins called molten globule proteins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structural characterization of a full-length GRASP and observation of a molten globule-like behavior in the GRASP family. The possible implications of this and how it could explain the multiple facets of this intriguing class of proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F. S. Mendes
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Assuero F. Garcia
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia S. Kumagai
- Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio R. de Morais
- Departamento de Física, Centro Multiusuário de Inovação Biomolecular, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio Mesquita, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Melo
- Departamento de Física, Centro Multiusuário de Inovação Biomolecular, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio Mesquita, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Livia Kmetzsch
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene H. Vainstein
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio J. Costa-Filho
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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7
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Reversible thermal unfolding of a yfdX protein with chaperone-like activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29541. [PMID: 27404435 PMCID: PMC4941729 DOI: 10.1038/srep29541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
yfdX proteins are ubiquitously present in a large number of virulent bacteria. A member of this family of protein in E. coli is known to be up-regulated by the multidrug response regulator. Their abundance in such bacteria suggests some important yet unidentified functional role of this protein. Here, we study the thermal response and stability of yfdX protein STY3178 from Salmonella Typhi using circular dichroism, steady state fluorescence, dynamic light scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. We observe the protein to be stable up to a temperature of 45 °C. It folds back to the native conformation from unfolded state at temperature as high as 80 °C. The kinetic measurements of unfolding and refolding show Arrhenius behavior where the refolding involves less activation energy barrier than that of unfolding. We propose a homology model to understand the stability of the protein. Our molecular dynamic simulation studies on this model structure at high temperature show that the structure of this protein is quite stable. Finally, we report a possible functional role of this protein as a chaperone, capable of preventing DTT induced aggregation of insulin. Our studies will have broader implication in understanding the role of yfdX proteins in bacterial function and virulence.
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8
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Souza TV, Araujo JN, da Silva VM, Liberato MV, Pimentel AC, Alvarez TM, Squina FM, Garcia W. Chemical stability of a cold-active cellulase with high tolerance toward surfactants and chaotropic agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:1-8. [PMID: 28352586 PMCID: PMC5360981 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CelE1 is a cold-active endo-acting glucanase with high activity at a broad temperature range and under alkaline conditions. Here, we examined the effects of pH on the secondary and tertiary structures, net charge, and activity of CelE1. Although variation in pH showed a small effect in the enzyme structure, the activity was highly influenced at acidic conditions, while reached the optimum activity at pH 8. Furthermore, to estimate whether CelE1 could be used as detergent additives, CelE1 activity was evaluated in the presence of surfactants. Ionic and nonionic surfactants were not able to reduce CelE1 activity significantly. Therefore, CelE1 was found to be promising candidate for use as detergent additives. Finally, we reported a thermodynamic analysis based on the structural stability and the chemical unfolding/refolding process of CelE1. The results indicated that the chemical unfolding proceeds as a reversible two-state process. These data can be useful for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís V Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Juscemácia N Araujo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviam M da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Liberato
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnes C Pimentel
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thabata M Alvarez
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio M Squina
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanius Garcia
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
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9
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Gunaldi M, Okuturlar Y, Gedikbasi A, Akarsu C, Karabulut M, Kural A. Diagnostic importance of S100A9 and S100A12 in breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:52-6. [PMID: 26653550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most frequent cause of cancer deaths throughout the world is breast cancer (BC). Therefore, preventing, diagnosing and treating BC has gained importance. S100 protein probably plays an important role in carcinogenesis, cancer development, and metastasis. In this study, we aimed at diagnostic and clinic-pathological importance of serum levels of S100A9 and S100A12 with known cytokine-like pro-inflammatory effects in BC. MATERIAL AND METHOD Serum samples were collected with BC and the control group consisting of healthy individuals. All the samples were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum S100A9 and S100A12 levels before starting the systemic chemotherapy. Clinicopathological characteristics of BC and other blood parameters were compared in relation with serum S100A9 and S100A12 levels. RESULTS While the serum S100A9 levels were found significantly higher as compared to healthy individuals (190.85±32.29 and 92.72±54, respectively) (p=0.001), it was observed that there were no differences in S100A12 (120.50±15.78 and 112.21±10.46, respectively) (p=0.056) levels. As regards the subgroup analysis in BC patients, no statistically significant results were found in body mass index (BMI), smoking, menopause status, histopathologic type, grade, and biological subtype of BC, tumor size, presence of lymph node metastases, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI) and stage. As regards the blood parameters and serum S100 A9, while only statistically significant results were found with anemia (209.05±33.12 and 181.75±28.21, respectively) (p=0.005), no statistically significant results were found with leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and tumor markers. CONCLUSION In this study, while we found the level of S100A9, which has a potential cytokine-like function in inflammation, significantly higher, we could not find any increase in S100A12 level. Therefore, it is possible that S100A9 can play a key role in inflammation-related BC. Despite of there are no significance relationship between S100A9 and S100A12 clinicopathological features of BC, the determination of S100A9 levels contributes to diagnosis the of BC patients. In future, we suggest that serum S100A9 is investigated as a diagnostic tool even the target marker in BC to suppress inflammation in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Gunaldi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yildiz Okuturlar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Gedikbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cevher Akarsu
- Department of General Surgery, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karabulut
- Department of General Surgery, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alev Kural
- Department of Biochemistry, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Huang X, Zeng Y, Xing X, Zeng J, Gao Y, Cai Z, Xu B, Liu X, Huang A, Liu J. Quantitative proteomics analysis of early recurrence/metastasis of huge hepatocellular carcinoma following radical resection. Proteome Sci 2014; 12:22. [PMID: 24839399 PMCID: PMC4023177 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic resection is the preferred treatment for huge hepatocellular carcinoma (>10 cm in diameter; H-HCC). However, the patients with H-HCC suffer from poor prognosis due to the early recurrence/metastasis. The underlying mechanism of H-HCC's early recurrence/metastasis is currently not well understood. RESULTS Here, we describe an Isobaric Tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics approach to analyze the early recurrence/metastasis related proteins of H-HCC after radical resection through multidimensional chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (2DLC-MS/MS). The different protein expression profiles between the early recurrence/metastasis within 6 months(R/M≤6months) and late recurrence/metastasis within 6-12 months after surgery (R/M6-12months) were confirmed and might reveal different underlying molecular mechanisms. We identified 44 and 49 significantly differentially expressed proteins in the R/M≤6months group and the R/M6-12months group compared to the group who had no recurrence within 2 years post surgery (the NR/M group), respectively. Moreover, among those proteins, S100A12 and AMACR were down regulated in the R/M≤6months group but up-regulated in the R/M6-12months group; and this regulation was further confirmed in mRNA and protein level by Q-PCR, Western-Blot and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). CONCLUSIONS This current study presents the first proteomic profile of the early recurrence/metastasis of H-HCC. The results suggest that S100A12 and AMACR might be potential prognostic markers for predicting the early recurrence/metastasis of H-HCC after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Huang
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350005 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Xing
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zeng
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350005 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhen Gao
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350005 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Huang
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, 350025 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350005 Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Abstract
S100A12 (Calgranulin C) is a small acidic calcium-binding peripheral membrane protein with two EF-hand structural motifs. It is expressed in macrophages and lymphocytes and highly up-regulated in several human inflammatory diseases. In pigs, S100A12 is abundant in the cytosol of granulocytes, where it is believed to be involved in signal modulation of inflammatory process. In this study, we investigated the interaction of the porcine S100A12 with phospholipid bilayers and the effect that ions (Ca2+, Zn2+ or both together) have in modifying protein-lipid interactions. More specifically, we intended to address issues such as: (1) is the protein-membrane interaction modulated by the presence of ions? (2) is the protein overall structure affected by the presence of the ions and membrane models simultaneously? (3) what are the specific conformational changes taking place when ions and membranes are both present? (4) does the protein have any kind of molecular preferences for a specific lipid component? To provide insight into membrane interactions and answer those questions, synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and surface plasmon resonance were used. The use of these combined techniques demonstrated that this protein was capable of interacting both with lipids and with ions in solution, and enabled examination of changes that occur at different levels of structure organization. The presence of both Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions modify the binding, conformation and thermal stability of the protein in the presence of lipids. Hence, these studies examining molecular interactions of porcine S100A12 in solution complement the previously determined crystal structure information on this family of proteins, enhancing our understanding of its dynamics of interaction with membranes.
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He H, Han L, Guan W, Li J, Han W, Yu Y. An efficient expression and purification strategy for the production of S100 proteins in Escherichia coli. Bioengineered 2012; 4:55-8. [PMID: 22990588 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.22172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 proteins belong to a family of small, acidic, EF-hand Ca ( 2+) -binding proteins and have been found to exert both intracellular and extracellular functions in regulation of Ca ( 2+) homeostasis, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell cycle, motility and differentiation. As a result, they have been widely investigated for their association with diseases, such as, neurological diseases, cardiomyopathy, neoplasias and inflammatory diseases. To facilitate further studies of S100 proteins, we reported a simple and efficient method for the expression and purification of human S100A4 and S100A11 proteins in Escherichia coli. Since S100 proteins share many common physical and chemical characteristics, we expect that this approach can be extended to the production of most S100 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin He
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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13
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House RP, Pozzuto M, Patel P, Dulyaninova NG, Li ZH, Zencheck WD, Vitolo MI, Weber DJ, Bresnick AR. Two functional S100A4 monomers are necessary for regulating nonmuscle myosin-IIA and HCT116 cell invasion. Biochemistry 2011; 50:6920-32. [PMID: 21721535 DOI: 10.1021/bi200498q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
S100A4, a member of the Ca(2+)-activated S100 protein family, regulates the motility and invasiveness of cancer cells. Moreover, high S100A4 expression levels correlate with poor patient survival in several cancers. Although biochemical, biophysical, and structural data indicate that S100A4 is a noncovalent dimer, it is unknown if two functional S100A4 monomers are required for the productive recognition of protein targets and the promotion of cell invasion. To address this question, we created covalently linked S100A4 dimers using a glycine rich flexible linker. The single-chain S100A4 (sc-S100A4) proteins exhibited wild-type affinities for calcium and nonmuscle myosin-IIA, retained the ability to regulate nonmuscle myosin-IIA assembly, and promoted tumor cell invasion when expressed in S100A4-deficient colon carcinoma cells. Mutation of the two calcium-binding EF-hands in one monomer, while leaving the other monomer intact, caused a 30-60-fold reduction in binding affinity for nonmuscle myosin-IIA concomitant with a weakened ability to regulate the monomer-polymer equilibrium of nonmuscle myosin-IIA. Moreover, sc-S100A4 proteins with one monomer deficient in calcium responsiveness did not support S100A4-mediated colon carcinoma cell invasion. Cross-linking and titration data indicate that the S100A4 dimer binds a single myosin-IIA target peptide. These data are consistent with a model in which a single peptide forms interactions in the vicinity of the canonical target binding cleft of each monomer in such a manner that both target binding sites are required for the efficient interaction with myosin-IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reniqua P House
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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14
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Permyakov SE, Ismailov RG, Xue B, Denesyuk AI, Uversky VN, Permyakov EA. Intrinsic disorder in S100 proteins. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:2164-80. [PMID: 21528128 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00305k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the members of the largest subfamily of the EF-hand proteins, S100 proteins, are evolutionarily young, their functional diversity is extremely broad, partly due to their ability to adapt to various targets. This feature is a hallmark of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), but none of the S100 proteins are recognized as IDPs. S100 are predicted to be enriched in intrinsic disorder, with 62% of them being predicted to be disordered by at least one of the predictors: 31% are recognized as 'molten globules' and 15% are shown to be in extended disordered form. The disorder level of predicted disordered S100 regions is conserved compared to that of more structured regions. The central disordered stretch corresponds to the major part of pseudo EF-hand loop, helix II, hinge region, and an initial part of helix III. It contains about half of known sites of enzymatic post-translational modifications (PTMs), confirming that this region can be flexible in vivo. Most of the internal residues missing in tertiary structures belong to the hinge. Both hinge and pseudo EF-hand loop correspond to the local maxima of the PONDR® VSL2 score and are shown to be evolutionary hotspots, leading to gain of new functional properties. The action of PTMs is shown to be destabilizing, in contrast with the effect of metal-binding or S100 dimerization. Formation of the S100 heterodimers relies on the interplay between the structural rigidity of one of the S100 monomers and the flexibility of another monomer. The ordered regions dominate in the S100 homodimerization sites. Target-binding sites generally consist of distant regions, drastically differing in their disorder level. The disordered region comprising most of the hinge and the N-terminal half of helix III is virtually not involved into dimerization, being intended solely for target recognition. The structural flexibility of this region is essential for recognition of diverse target proteins. At least 86% of multiple interactions of S100 proteins with binding partners are attributed to the S100 proteins predicted to be disordered. Overall, the intrinsic disorder is inherent to many S100 proteins and is vital for activity and functional diversity of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei E Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia.
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15
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Development of impedimetric and optical calcium biosensor by using modified gold electrode with porcine S100A12 protein. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 82:365-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Survey of the year 2008: applications of isothermal titration calorimetry. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:395-413. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Botelho HM, Koch M, Fritz G, Gomes CM. Metal ions modulate the folding and stability of the tumor suppressor protein S100A2. FEBS J 2009; 276:1776-86. [PMID: 19267779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The EF-hand protein S100A2 is a cell cycle regulator involved in tumorigenesis, acting through regulation of the p53 activation state. Metal ion-free S100A2 is homodimeric and contains two Ca(2+)-binding sites and two Zn(2+)-binding sites per subunit, whereby the Zn(2+) ion binding to one of the sites is coordinated by residues from two homodimers. The effect of selective binding of these metal ions was investigated using site-specific mutants which lacked one or both zinc sites. CD analysis of secondary structure changes on metallation showed that Zn(2+) binding was associated with a decrease in the secondary structure content, whereas Ca(2+) had the opposite effect in two of the three S100A2 mutants studied. The energy of unfolding (DeltaG(U)) of the apo wild-type S100A2 was determined to be 89.9 kJ mol(-1), and the apparent midpoint transition temperature (T(m)(app))) was 58.4 degrees C. In addition, a detailed study of the urea and thermal unfolding of the S100A2 mutants in different metallation states (apo, Zn(2+) and Ca(2+)) was performed. Thermal denaturation experiments showed that Zn(2+) acts as a destabilizer and Ca(2+) as a stabilizer of the protein conformation. This suggests a synergistic effect between metal binding, protein stability and S100A2 biological activity, according to which Ca(2+) activates and stabilizes the protein, the opposite being observed on Zn(2+) binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo M Botelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
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18
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Leclerc E, Fritz G, Vetter SW, Heizmann CW. Binding of S100 proteins to RAGE: an update. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1793:993-1007. [PMID: 19121341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) is a multi-ligand receptor of the immunoglobulin family. RAGE interacts with structurally different ligands probably through the oligomerization of the receptor on the cell surface. However, the exact mechanism is unknown. Among RAGE ligands are members of the S100 protein family. S100 proteins are small calcium binding proteins with high structural homology. Several members of the family have been shown to interact with RAGE in vitro or in cell-based assays. Interestingly, many RAGE ligands appear to interact with distinct domains of the extracellular portion of RAGE and to trigger various cellular effects. In this review, we summarize the modes of S100 protein-RAGE interaction with regard to their cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Leclerc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Fl 33431, USA
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