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Heath SG, Gray SG, Hamzah EM, O'Connor KM, Bozonet SM, Botha AD, de Cordovez P, Magon NJ, Naughton JD, Goldsmith DLW, Schwartfeger AJ, Sunde M, Buell AK, Morris VK, Göbl C. Amyloid formation and depolymerization of tumor suppressor p16 INK4a are regulated by a thiol-dependent redox mechanism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5535. [PMID: 38951545 PMCID: PMC11217399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The conversion of a soluble protein into polymeric amyloid structures is a process that is poorly understood. Here, we describe a fully redox-regulated amyloid system in which cysteine oxidation of the tumor suppressor protein p16INK4a leads to rapid amyloid formation. We identify a partially-structured disulfide-bonded dimeric intermediate species that subsequently assembles into fibrils. The stable amyloid structures disassemble when the disulfide bond is reduced. p16INK4a is frequently mutated in cancers and is considered highly vulnerable to single-point mutations. We find that multiple cancer-related mutations show increased amyloid formation propensity whereas mutations stabilizing the fold prevent transition into amyloid. The complex transition into amyloids and their structural stability is therefore strictly governed by redox reactions and a single regulatory disulfide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Heath
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Shelby G Gray
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Emilie M Hamzah
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Karina M O'Connor
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Bozonet
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alex D Botha
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Pierre de Cordovez
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Magon
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer D Naughton
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Dylan L W Goldsmith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Margaret Sunde
- School of Medical Sciences and Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vanessa K Morris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Christoph Göbl
- Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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2
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Xie Q, Xu K, Sang Z, Luo D, Chen C, Fu W, Xue W. Allergenicity Modulation of Casein with the Modifications of Linearization, Cross-Linking, and Glycation via the Regulation of Th1/Th2 Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10031-10045. [PMID: 38629959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Casein (CN) is the primary allergenic protein in cow's milk, contributing to the worldwide escalating prevalence of food allergies. However, there remains limited knowledge regarding the effect of structural modifications on CN allergenicity. Herein, we prepared three modified CNs (mCN), including sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol-induced linear CN (LCN), transglutaminase-cross-linked CN (TCN), and glucose-glycated CN (GCN). The electrophoresis results indicated widespread protein aggregation among mCN, causing variations in their molecular weights. The unique internal and external structural characteristics of mCN were substantiated by disparities in surface microstructure, alterations in the secondary structure, variations in free amino acid contents, and modifications in functional molecular groups. Despite the lower digestibility of TCN and GCN compared to LCN, they significantly suppressed IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells without significantly promoting their proliferation. Moreover, GCN showed the weakest capacity to induce LAD2 cell degranulation. Despite the therapeutic effect of TCN, GCN-treated mice displayed the most prominent attenuation of allergic reactions and a remarkably restored Th1/Th2 imbalance, while LCN administration resulted in severe allergic phenotypes and endotypes in both cellular and murine models. This study highlighted the detrimental effect of linear modifications and underscored the significance of glycation in relation to CN allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xie
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Zhejiang Academy of Science & Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311200, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Sang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Fu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wentong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100089, P. R. China
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3
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Sulatskaya AI, Stepanenko OV, Sulatsky MI, Mikhailova EV, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Stepanenko OV. Structural determinants of odorant-binding proteins affecting their ability to form amyloid fibrils. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130699. [PMID: 38460650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The formation of amyloid fibrils is associated with many severe pathologies as well as the execution of essential physiological functions by proteins. Despite the diversity, all amyloids share a similar morphology and consist of stacked β-strands, suggesting high amyloidogenicity of native proteins enriched with β-structure. Such proteins include those with a β-barrel-like structure with β-strands arranged into a cylindrical β-sheet. However, the mechanisms responsible for destabilization of the native state and triggering fibrillogenesis have not thoroughly explored yet. Here we analyze the structural determinants of fibrillogenesis in proteins with β-barrel structures on the example of odorant-binding protein (OBP), whose amyloidogenicity was recently demonstrated in vitro. We reveal a crucial role in the fibrillogenesis of OBPs for the "open" conformation of the molecule. This conformation is achieved by disrupting the interaction between the β-barrel and the C-terminus of protein monomers or dimers, which exposes "sticky" amyloidogenic sites for interaction. The data suggest that the "open" conformation of OBPs can be induced by destabilizing the native β-barrel structure through the disruption of: 1) intramolecular disulfide cross-linking and non-covalent contacts between the C-terminal fragment and β-barrel in the protein's monomeric form, or 2) intermolecular contacts involved in domain swapping in the protein's dimeric form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Sulatskaya
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Olga V Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Maksim I Sulatsky
- Laboratory of Cell Morphology, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina V Mikhailova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Olesya V Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky ave., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Dyrda-Terniuk T, Pryshchepa O, Rafińska K, Kolankowski M, Gołębiowski A, Gloc M, Dobrucka R, Kurzydłowski K, Pomastowski P. Immobilization Of Silver Ions Onto Casein. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Bahraminejad E, Paliwal D, Sunde M, Holt C, Carver JA, Thorn DC. Amyloid fibril formation by α S1- and β-casein implies that fibril formation is a general property of casein proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140854. [PMID: 36087849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Caseins are a diverse family of intrinsically disordered proteins present in the milks of all mammals. A property common to two cow paralogues, αS2- and κ-casein, is their propensity in vitro to form amyloid fibrils, the highly ordered protein aggregates associated with many age-related, including neurological, diseases. In this study, we explored whether amyloid fibril-forming propensity is a general feature of casein proteins by examining the other cow caseins (αS1 and β) as well as β-caseins from camel and goat. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicated that cow αS1- and β-casein formed large spherical aggregates at neutral pH and 20°C. Upon incubation at 65°C, αS1- and β-casein underwent conversion to amyloid fibrils over the course of ten days, as shown by thioflavin T binding, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray fibre diffraction. At the lower temperature of 37°C where fibril formation was more limited, camel β-casein exhibited a greater fibril-forming propensity than its cow or goat orthologues. Limited proteolysis of cow and camel β-casein fibrils and analysis by mass spectrometry indicated a common amyloidogenic sequence in the proline, glutamine-rich, C-terminal region of β-casein. These findings highlight the persistence of amyloidogenic sequences within caseins, which likely contribute to their functional, heterotypic self-assembly; in all mammalian milks, at least two caseins coalesce to form casein micelles, implying that caseins diversified partly to avoid dysfunctional amyloid fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Bahraminejad
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Devashi Paliwal
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Margaret Sunde
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, and Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Carl Holt
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - David C Thorn
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Horvath A, Fuxreiter M, Vendruscolo M, Holt C, Carver JA. Are casein micelles extracellular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation? FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2072-2085. [PMID: 35815989 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Casein micelles are extracellular polydisperse assemblies of unstructured casein proteins. Caseins are the major component of milk. Within casein micelles, casein molecules are stabilised by binding to calcium phosphate nanoclusters and, by acting as molecular chaperones, through multivalent interactions. In light of such interactions, we discuss whether casein micelles can be considered as extracellular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation. We analyse the sequence, structure and interactions of caseins in comparison to proteins forming intracellular condensates. Furthermore, we review the similarities between caseins and small heat-shock proteins whose chaperone activity is linked to phase separation of proteins. By bringing these observations together, we describe a regulatory mechanism for protein condensates, as exemplified by casein micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Horvath
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Monika Fuxreiter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Holt
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Carugo O. Survey of the Intermolecular Disulfide Bonds Observed in Protein Crystal Structures Deposited in the Protein Data Bank. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070986. [PMID: 35888076 PMCID: PMC9323673 DOI: 10.3390/life12070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
About 5% of the disulfide bonds (DBs) observed in the Protein Data Bank bridge two protein chains. Several of their features were comprehensively analyzed, resulting in a structural atlas of the intermolecular DBs. The analysis was performed on a very large set of data extracted from the Protein Data Bank, according to the RaSPDB procedure. It was observed that the two chains tend to have different sequences and belong to the same structural class. Intermolecular DBs tend to be more solvent accessible and less distorted from the most stable conformation than intermolecular DBs while showing similar B-factors. They tend to occur in beta strands and in mainly-beta structures. These and other data should prove useful in protein modelling and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Carugo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Italy & Max Perutz Labs, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, 1010 Wien, Austria
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8
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Malik S, De I, Singh M, Galanakis CM, Alamri AS, Yadav JK. Isolation and characterisation of milk-derived amyloid-like protein aggregates (MAPA) from cottage cheese. Food Chem 2022; 373:131486. [PMID: 34800818 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cottage cheese, extensively consumed worldwide, contains coagulated milk protein (casein), produced through boiling and acidification of milk. Casein forms amyloid or amyloid-like structures at high temperatures and low pH. Due to the similarities in the preparation of casein amyloids and cottage cheese, we hypothesized the presence of amyloid or amyloid-like protein aggregates in cottage cheese. To examine this hypothesis, cottage cheese was prepared from cow (Bos indicus) milk and isolated amyloids through a water extraction method. The isolated protein aggregates displayed typical characteristics of amyloids, such as a bathochromic shift in the wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) of Congo red (CR), high thioflavin T (ThT) binding, increased surface hydrophobicity, and high β-sheet structure. However, they did not show antibacterial activity and toxic properties against erythrocytes. Our study revealed that the heat-treatment and subsequent acidification during cottage cheese preparation lead to the formation of non-toxic amyloid-like aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Malik
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Indranil De
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Charis M Galanakis
- Research & Innovation Department, Galanakis Laboratories, Chania, Greece; Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jay Kant Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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9
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Quantitative multivalent binding model of the structure, size distribution and composition of the casein micelles of cow milk. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Anema SG. Heat-induced changes in caseins and casein micelles, including interactions with denatured whey proteins. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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