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Fischer M, Müller P, Scheidt HA, Luck M. Drug-Membrane Interactions: Effects of Virus-Specific RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors Remdesivir and Favipiravir on the Structure of Lipid Bilayers. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1392-1403. [PMID: 35731976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The two RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors remdesivir and favipiravir were originally developed and approved as broad-spectrum antiviral drugs for the treatment of harmful viral infections such as Ebola and influenza. With the outbreak of the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the two drugs were repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Clinical studies suggested that the efficacy of the drugs is enhanced in the case of an early or even prophylactic application. Because the contact between drug molecules and the plasma membrane is essential for a successful permeation process of the substances and therefore for their intracellular efficiency, drug-induced effects on the membrane structure are likely and have already been shown for other substances. We investigated the impact of remdesivir and favipiravir on lipid bilayers in model and cell membranes via several biophysical approaches. The measurements revealed that the embedding of remdesivir molecules in the lipid bilayer results in a disturbance of the membrane structure of the tested phospholipid vesicles. Nevertheless, in a cell-based assay, the presence of remdesivir induced only weak hemolysis of the treated erythrocytes. In contrast, no experimental indication for an effect on the structure and integrity of the membrane was detected in the case of favipiravir. Regarding potential prophylactic or accompanying use of the drugs in the therapy of COVID-19, the physiologically relevant impacts associated with the drug-induced structural modifications of the membrane might be important to understand side effects and/or low effectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Fischer
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Müller
- Institute of Biology, Biophysical Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger A Scheidt
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Meike Luck
- Institute of Biology, Biophysical Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Cheng CY, Wang JY, Kausik R, Lee KYC, Han S. An ultrasensitive tool exploiting hydration dynamics to decipher weak lipid membrane-polymer interactions. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2012; 215:115-119. [PMID: 22230738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a newly developed tool, (1)H Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (ODNP), to sensitively explore weak macromolecular interactions by site-specifically probing the modulation of the translational dynamics of hydration water at the interaction interface, in the full presence of bulk water. Here, ODNP is employed on an illustrative example of a membrane-active triblock copolymer, poloxamer 188 (P188), which is known to restore the integrity of structurally compromised cell membranes. We observe a distinct change in the translational dynamics of the hydration layer interacting with the lipid membrane surface and the bilayer-interior as P188 is added to a solution of lipid vesicles, but no measurable changes in the dynamics or structure of the lipid membranes. This study shows that hydration water is an integral constituent of a lipid membrane system, and demonstrates for the first time that the modulation of its translational diffusivity can sensitively report on weak polymer-membrane interactions, as well as mediate essential lipid membrane functions. ODNP holds much promise as a unique tool to unravel molecular interactions at interfaces even in the presence of bulk water under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Chu S, Maltsev S, Emwas AH, Lorigan GA. Solid-state NMR paramagnetic relaxation enhancement immersion depth studies in phospholipid bilayers. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2010; 207:89-94. [PMID: 20851650 PMCID: PMC2978330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for determining the membrane immersion depth of a spin-labeled probe has been developed using paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) in solid-state NMR spectroscopy. A DOXYL spin label was placed at different sites of 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PSPC) phospholipid bilayers as paramagnetic moieties and the resulting enhancements of the longitudinal relaxation (T₁) times of ³¹P nuclei on the surface of the bilayers were measured by a standard inversion recovery pulse sequence. The ³¹P NMR spin-lattice relaxation times decrease steadily as the DOXYL spin label moves closer to the surface as well as the concentration of the spin-labeled lipids increase. The enhanced relaxation vs. the position and concentration of spin-labels indicate that PRE induced by the DOXYL spin label are significant to determine longer distances over the whole range of the membrane depths. When these data were combined with estimated correlation times τ(c), the r⁻⁶-weighted, time-averaged distances between the spin-labels and the ³¹P nuclei on the membrane surface were estimated. The application of using this solid-state NMR PRE approach coupled with site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) may be a powerful method for measuring membrane protein immersion depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA 45056
| | - Sergey Maltsev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA 45056
| | - A-H Emwas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA 45056
| | - Gary A. Lorigan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA 45056
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Martinez-Seara H, Róg T, Karttunen M, Vattulainen I, Reigada R. Why is the sn-2 Chain of Monounsaturated Glycerophospholipids Usually Unsaturated whereas the sn-1 Chain Is Saturated? Studies of 1-Stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (SOPC) and 1-Oleoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (OSPC) Membranes with and without Cholesterol. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:8347-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902131b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Martinez-Seara
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Barcelona University, c/ Marti i Franques 1, Pta 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, Department of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario, London (ON), Canada, Department of Applied Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland, and MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Barcelona University, c/ Marti i Franques 1, Pta 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, Department of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario, London (ON), Canada, Department of Applied Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland, and MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Barcelona University, c/ Marti i Franques 1, Pta 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, Department of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario, London (ON), Canada, Department of Applied Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland, and MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Barcelona University, c/ Marti i Franques 1, Pta 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, Department of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario, London (ON), Canada, Department of Applied Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland, and MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ramon Reigada
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Barcelona University, c/ Marti i Franques 1, Pta 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, Department of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario, London (ON), Canada, Department of Applied Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland, and MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
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