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Sarngadharan P, Holtkamp Y, Kleinekathöfer U. Protein Effects on the Excitation Energies and Exciton Dynamics of the CP24 Antenna Complex. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5201-5217. [PMID: 38756003 PMCID: PMC11145653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the site energy fluctuations, energy transfer dynamics, and some spectroscopic properties of the minor light-harvesting complex CP24 in a membrane environment were determined. For this purpose, a 3 μs-long classical molecular dynamics simulation was performed for the CP24 complex. Furthermore, using the density functional tight binding/molecular mechanics molecular dynamics (DFTB/MM MD) approach, we performed excited state calculations for the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b molecules in the complex starting from five different positions of the MD trajectory. During the extended simulations, we observed variations in the site energies of the different sets as a result of the fluctuating protein environment. In particular, a water coordination to Chl-b 608 occurred only after about 1 μs in the simulations, demonstrating dynamic changes in the environment of this pigment. From the classical and the DFTB/MM MD simulations, spectral densities and the (time-dependent) Hamiltonian of the complex were determined. Based on these results, three independent strongly coupled chlorophyll clusters were revealed within the complex. In addition, absorption and fluorescence spectra were determined together with the exciton relaxation dynamics, which reasonably well agrees with experimental time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sarngadharan
- School of Science, Constructor
University, Campus Ring
1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Yannick Holtkamp
- School of Science, Constructor
University, Campus Ring
1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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2
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Nguyen HL, Do TN, Zhong K, Akhtar P, Jansen TLC, Knoester J, Caffarri S, Lambrev P, Tan HS. Inter-subunit energy transfer processes in a minimal plant photosystem II supercomplex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh0911. [PMID: 38394196 PMCID: PMC10889429 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is an integral part of the photosynthesis machinery, in which several light-harvesting complexes rely on inter-complex excitonic energy transfer (EET) processes to channel energy to the reaction center. In this paper, we report on a direct observation of the inter-complex EET in a minimal PSII supercomplex from plants, containing the trimeric light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), the monomeric light-harvesting complex CP26, and the monomeric PSII core complex. Using two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy, we measure an inter-complex EET timescale of 50 picoseconds for excitations from the LHCII-CP26 peripheral antenna to the PSII core. The 2D electronic spectra also reveal that the transfer timescale is nearly constant over the pump spectrum of 600 to 700 nanometers. Structure-based calculations reveal the contribution of each antenna complex to the measured inter-complex EET time. These results provide a step in elucidating the full inter-complex energy transfer network of the PSII machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Long Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thanh Nhut Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Kai Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Nonprofit Limited, Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged 6728, Hungary
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Petar Lambrev
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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3
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Do TN, Nguyen HL, Akhtar P, Zhong K, Jansen TLC, Knoester J, Caffarri S, Lambrev PH, Tan HS. Ultrafast Excitation Energy Transfer Dynamics in the LHCII-CP29-CP24 Subdomain of Plant Photosystem II. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4263-4271. [PMID: 35522529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We measure the two-dimensional electronic spectra of the LHCII(M)-CP29-CP24 complex in photosystem II (PSII) and provide the first study of the ultrafast excitation energy transfer (EET) processes of an asymmetric and native light-harvesting assembly of the antenna of PSII. With comparisons to LHCII, we observe faster energy equilibrations in the intermediate levels of the LHCII(M)-CP29-CP24 complex at 662 and 670 nm. Notably, the putative "bottleneck" states in LHCII exhibit faster effective dynamics in the LHCII(M)-CP24-CP29 complex, with the average lifetime shortening from 2.5 ps in LHCII to 1.2 ps in the bigger assembly. The observations are supported by high-level structure-based calculations, and the accelerated dynamics can be attributed to the structural change of LHCII(M) in the bigger complex. This study shows that the biological functioning structures of the complexes are important to understand the overall EET dynamics of the PSII supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hoang Long Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- Biological Research Center, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Nonprofit Limited, Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged 6728, Hungary
| | - Kai Zhong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Biological Research Center, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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4
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Do TN, Nguyen HL, Caffarri S, Tan HS. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of the Q x to Q y relaxation of chlorophylls a in photosystem II core complex. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:145102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, we measured the Qx to Qy transfer dynamics of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) manifold in the photosystem II (PSII) monomeric core complex from Arabidopsis thaliana. A PSII monomeric core consists of 35 Chls a and no Chl b, thus allowing for a clear window to study Chl a Qx dynamics in a large pigment-protein complex. Initial excitation in the Qx band results in a transfer to the Qy band in less than 60 fs. Upon the ultrafast transfer, regardless of the excitation frequency within the Qx band, the quasi-transient absorption spectra are very similar. This observation indicates that Chl a’s Qx to Qy transfer is not frequency selective. Using a simple model, we determined that this is not due to the lifetime broadening of the ultrafast transfer but predominantly due to a lack of correlation between the PSII core complex’s Chl a Qx and Qy bands. We suggest the origin to be the intrinsic loss of correlation during the Qx to Qy internal conversion as observed in previous studies of molecular Chl a dissolved in solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Hoang Long Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, LGBP Team, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
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5
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Reinot T, Jassas M, Kell A, Casazza AP, Santabarbara S, Jankowiak R. On wavelength-dependent exciton lifetime distributions in reconstituted CP29 antenna of the photosystem II and its site-directed mutants. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:085101. [PMID: 33639775 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide more insight into the excitonic structure and exciton lifetimes of the wild type (WT) CP29 complex of photosystem II, we measured high-resolution (low temperature) absorption, emission, and hole burned spectra for the A2 and B3 mutants, which lack chlorophylls a612 and b614 (Chls), respectively. Experimental and modeling results obtained for the WT CP29 and A2/B3 mutants provide new insight on the mutation-induced changes at the molecular level and shed more light on energy transfer dynamics. Simulations of the A2 and B3 optical spectra, using the second-order non-Markovian theory, and comparison with improved fits of WT CP29 optical spectra provide more insight into their excitonic structure, mutation induced changes, and frequency-dependent distributions of exciton lifetimes (T1). A new Hamiltonian obtained for WT CP29 reveals that deletion of Chls a612 or b614 induces changes in the site energies of all remaining Chls. Hamiltonians obtained for A2 and B3 mutants are discussed in the context of the energy landscape of chlorophylls, excitonic structure, and transfer kinetics. Our data suggest that the lowest exciton states in A2 and B3 mutants are contributed by a611(57%), a610(17%), a615(15%) and a615(58%), a611(20%), a612(15%) Chls, respectively, although other compositions of lowest energy states are also discussed. Finally, we argue that the calculated exciton decay times are consistent with both the hole-burning and recent transient absorption measurements. Wavelength-dependent T1 distributions offer more insight into the interpretation of kinetic traces commonly described by discrete exponentials in global analysis/global fitting of transient absorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonu Reinot
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Mahboobe Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Adam Kell
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Anna Paola Casazza
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, C.N.R., Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthesis Research Unit, Centro Studi sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, C.N.R., Milano, Italy
| | - Ryszard Jankowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Croce R, van Amerongen H. Light harvesting in oxygenic photosynthesis: Structural biology meets spectroscopy. Science 2020; 369:369/6506/eaay2058. [PMID: 32820091 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is the main process that drives life on earth. It starts with the harvesting of solar photons that, after transformation into electronic excitations, lead to charge separation in the reaction centers of photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII). These photosystems are large, modular pigment-protein complexes that work in series to fuel the formation of carbohydrates, concomitantly producing molecular oxygen. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have enabled the determination of PSI and PSII structures in complex with light-harvesting components called "supercomplexes" from different organisms at near-atomic resolution. Here, we review the structural and spectroscopic aspects of PSI and PSII from plants and algae that directly relate to their light-harvesting properties, with special attention paid to the pathways and efficiency of excitation energy transfer and the regulatory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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7
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Mascoli V, Novoderezhkin V, Liguori N, Xu P, Croce R. Design principles of solar light harvesting in plants: Functional architecture of the monomeric antenna CP29. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Peng X, Deng X, Tang X, Tan T, Zhang D, Liu B, Lin H. Involvement of Lhcb6 and Lhcb5 in Photosynthesis Regulation in Physcomitrella patens Response to Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153665. [PMID: 31357454 PMCID: PMC6695650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of highly conserved photosystem II light-harvesting antenna proteins in moss whose functions are unclear. Here, we investigated the involvement of chlorophyll-binding proteins, Lhcb6 and Lhcb5, in light-harvesting and photosynthesis regulation in Physcomitrella patens. Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 knock-out resulted in a disordered thylakoid arrangement, a decrease in the number of grana membranes, and an increase in the number of starch granule. The absence of Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 did not noticeably alter the electron transport rates. However, the non-photochemical quenching activity in the lhcb5 mutant was dramatically reduced when compared to wild-type or lhcb6 plants under abiotic stress. Lhcb5 plants were more sensitive to photo-inhibition, while lhcb6 plants showed little difference compared to the wild-type plants under high-light stress. Moreover, both mutants showed a growth malformation phenotype with reduced chlorophyll content in the gametophyte. These results suggested that Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 played a unique role in plant development, thylakoid organization, and photoprotection of PSII in Physcomitrella, especially when exposed to high light or osmotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingji Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingguang Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoya Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tinghong Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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9
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Jassas M, Chen J, Khmelnitskiy A, Casazza AP, Santabarbara S, Jankowiak R. Structure-Based Exciton Hamiltonian and Dynamics for the Reconstituted Wild-type CP29 Protein Antenna Complex of the Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4611-4624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Liguori N, Novoderezhkin V, Roy LM, van Grondelle R, Croce R. Excitation dynamics and structural implication of the stress-related complex LHCSR3 from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1514-1523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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11
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Kreisbeck C, Aspuru-Guzik A. Efficiency of energy funneling in the photosystem II supercomplex of higher plants. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4174-4183. [PMID: 30155062 PMCID: PMC6014079 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of energy transfer properties in photosynthetic multi-protein networks gives insight into their underlying design principles. Here, we discuss the excitonic energy transfer mechanisms of the photosystem II (PS-II) C2S2M2 supercomplex, which is the largest isolated functional unit of the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants. Despite the lack of a definite energy gradient in C2S2M2, we show that the energy transfer is directed by relaxation to low energy states. C2S2M2 is not organized to form pathways with strict energetically downhill transfer, which has direct consequences for the transfer efficiency, transfer pathways and transfer limiting steps. The exciton dynamics is sensitive to small changes in the energetic layout which, for instance, are induced by the reorganization of vibrational coordinates. In order to incorporate the reorganization process in our numerical simulations, we go beyond rate equations and use the hierarchically coupled equation of motion approach (HEOM). While transfer from the peripheral antenna to the proteins in proximity to the reaction center occurs on a faster time scale, the final step of the energy transfer to the RC core is rather slow, and thus the limiting step in the transfer chain. Our findings suggest that the structure of the PS-II supercomplex guarantees photoprotection rather than optimized efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kreisbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA . ;
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA . ;
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12
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Ferroni L, Angeleri M, Pantaleoni L, Pagliano C, Longoni P, Marsano F, Aro EM, Suorsa M, Baldisserotto C, Giovanardi M, Cella R, Pancaldi S. Light-dependent reversible phosphorylation of the minor photosystem II antenna Lhcb6 (CP24) occurs in lycophytes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:893-905. [PMID: 24450769 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of vascular plants required compromise between photosynthesis and photodamage. We analyzed representative species from two divergent lineages of vascular plants, lycophytes and euphyllophytes, with respect to the response of their photosynthesis and light-harvesting properties to increasing light intensity. In the two analyzed lycophytes, Selaginella martensii and Lycopodium squarrosum, the medium phase of non-photochemical quenching relaxation increased under high light compared to euphyllophytes. This was thought to be associated with the occurrence of a further thylakoid phosphoprotein in both lycophytes, in addition to D2, CP43 and Lhcb1-2. This protein, which showed light intensity-dependent reversible phosphorylation, was identified in S. martensii as Lhcb6, a minor LHCII antenna subunit of PSII. Lhcb6 is known to have evolved in the context of land colonization. In S. martensii, Lhcb6 was detected as a component of the free LHCII assemblies, but also associated with PSI. Most of the light-induced changes affected the amount and phosphorylation of the LHCII assemblies, which possibly mediate PSI-PSII connectivity. We propose that Lhcb6 is involved in light energy management in lycophytes, participating in energy balance between PSI and PSII through a unique reversible phosphorylation, not yet observed in other land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
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13
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van Amerongen H, Croce R. Light harvesting in photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:251-63. [PMID: 23595278 PMCID: PMC3824292 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water oxidation in photosynthesis takes place in photosystem II (PSII). This photosystem is built around a reaction center (RC) where sunlight-induced charge separation occurs. This RC consists of various polypeptides that bind only a few chromophores or pigments, next to several other cofactors. It can handle far more photons than the ones absorbed by its own pigments and therefore, additional excitations are provided by the surrounding light-harvesting complexes or antennae. The RC is located in the PSII core that also contains the inner light-harvesting complexes CP43 and CP47, harboring 13 and 16 chlorophyll pigments, respectively. The core is surrounded by outer light-harvesting complexes (Lhcs), together forming the so-called supercomplexes, at least in plants. These PSII supercomplexes are complemented by some "extra" Lhcs, but their exact location in the thylakoid membrane is unknown. The whole system consists of many subunits and appears to be modular, i.e., both its composition and organization depend on environmental conditions, especially on the quality and intensity of the light. In this review, we will provide a short overview of the relation between the structure and organization of pigment-protein complexes in PSII, ranging from individual complexes to entire membranes and experimental and theoretical results on excitation energy transfer and charge separation. It will become clear that time-resolved fluorescence data can provide invaluable information about the organization and functioning of thylakoid membranes. At the end, an overview will be given of unanswered questions that should be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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14
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Ballottari M, Mozzo M, Girardon J, Hienerwadel R, Bassi R. Chlorophyll triplet quenching and photoprotection in the higher plant monomeric antenna protein Lhcb5. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11337-48. [PMID: 23786371 DOI: 10.1021/jp402977y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, chlorophyll triplets are harmful excited states readily reacting with molecular oxygen to yield the reactive oxygen species (ROS) singlet oxygen. Carotenoids have a photoprotective role in photosynthetic membranes by preventing photoxidative damage through quenching of chlorophyll singlets and triplets. In this work we used mutation analysis to investigate the architecture of chlorophyll triplet quenching sites within Lhcb5, a monomeric antenna protein of Photosystem II. The carotenoid and chlorophyll triplet formation as well as the production of ROS molecules were studied in a family of recombinant Lhcb5 proteins either with WT sequence, mutated into individual chlorophyll binding residues or refolded in vitro to bind different xanthophyll complements. We observed a site-specific effect in the efficiency of chlorophyll-carotenoid triplet-triplet energy transfer. Thus chlorophyll (Chl) 602 and 603 appear to be particularly important for triplet-triplet energy transfer to the xanthophyll bound into site L2. Surprisingly, mutation on Chl 612, the chlorophyll with the lower energy associated and in close contact with lutein in site L1, had no effect on quenching chlorophyll triplet excited states. Finally, we present evidence for an indirect role of neoxanthin in chlorophyll triplet quenching and show that quenching of both singlet and triplet states is necessary for minimizing singlet oxygen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona , Ca' Vignal 1, strada le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy
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15
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Marin A, van Stokkum IH, Novoderezhkin VI, van Grondelle R. Excitation-induced polarization decay in the plant light-harvesting complex LHCII. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Marin A, Doust AB, Scholes GD, Wilk KE, Curmi PMG, van Stokkum IHM, van Grondelle R. Flow of excitation energy in the cryptophyte light-harvesting antenna phycocyanin 645. Biophys J 2011; 101:1004-13. [PMID: 21843493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a detailed description of the energy migration dynamics in the phycocyanin 645 (PC645) antenna complex from the photosynthetic alga Chroomonas CCMP270. Many of the cryptophyceae are known to populate greater depths than most other algal families, having developed a 99.5% efficient light-harvesting system. In this study, we used femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy and global analysis to characterize the excited-state dynamics of PC645. Several different pump colors were selected to excite different fractions of the four phycobiliprotein pairs present in the complex. Measurements were also performed at cryogenic temperature to enhance spectral resolution and selectively promote downhill energy transfers. Upon excitation of the highest-energy bilins (dihydrobiliverdins), energy is transferred from the core of the complex to the periphery within 0.82 ps. Four bilins (mesobiliverdin (MBV) A/B and phycocyanobilins (PCB) 158C/D), which are responsible for the central band of the absorption spectrum, show concerted spectral dynamics. These chromophores show a biphasic decay with lifetimes of 0.6 ps (MBV) and 5-7 ps (PCB 158) to the lowest bilin pair (PCB 82C/D) absorbing around 650-657 nm. Within this lifetime of several picoseconds, the excitations reach the PCB 82 bilins on the two poles at the smaller sides of PC645. A slow 44-46 ps energy transfer step to the lowest-energy PCB 82 bilin concludes the dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marin
- Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Marin A, Passarini F, van Stokkum IHM, van Grondelle R, Croce R. Minor complexes at work: light-harvesting by carotenoids in the photosystem II antenna complexes CP24 and CP26. Biophys J 2011; 100:2829-38. [PMID: 21641329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant photosynthesis relies on the capacity of chlorophylls and carotenoids to absorb light. One of the roles of carotenoids is to harvest green-blue light and transfer the excitation energy to the chlorophylls. The corresponding dynamics were investigated here for the first time, to our knowledge, in the CP26 and CP24 minor antenna complexes. The results for the two complexes differ substantially. In CP26 fast transfer (80 fs) occurs from the carotenoid S(2) state to chlorophylls a absorbing at 675 and 678 nm, whereas transfer from the hot S(1) state to the lowest energy chlorophylls is observed in <1 ps. In CP24, energy transfer from the S(2) state leads in 80 fs to the population of chlorophylls b and high-energy chlorophylls a absorbing at 670 nm, whereas the low-energy chlorophylls a are populated only in several picoseconds. The results suggest that CP26 has a structural and functional organization similar to that of LHCII, whereas CP24 differs substantially from the other Lhc complexes, especially regarding the lutein L1 binding domain. No energy transfer from the carotenoid S(1) state to chlorophylls was observed in either complex, suggesting that this state is energetically below the chlorophyll Qy state and therefore may play a role in the quenching of chlorophyll excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marin
- Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Croce R, van Amerongen H. Light-harvesting and structural organization of Photosystem II: From individual complexes to thylakoid membrane. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:142-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ballottari M, Girardon J, Dall'osto L, Bassi R. Evolution and functional properties of photosystem II light harvesting complexes in eukaryotes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:143-57. [PMID: 21704018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic organisms, the major agent of inorganic carbon fixation into biomass, convert light energy into chemical energy. The first step of photosynthesis consists of the absorption of solar energy by pigments binding protein complexes named photosystems. Within photosystems, a family of proteins called Light Harvesting Complexes (LHC), responsible for light harvesting and energy transfer to reaction centers, has evolved along with eukaryotic organisms. Besides light absorption, these proteins catalyze photoprotective reactions which allowed functioning of oxygenic photosynthetic machinery in the increasingly oxidant environment. In this work we review current knowledge of LHC proteins serving Photosystem II. Balance between light harvesting and photoprotection is critical in Photosystem II, due to the lower quantum efficiency as compared to Photosystem I. In particular, we focus on the role of each antenna complex in light harvesting, energy transfer, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, chlorophyll triplet quenching and thermal dissipation of excess energy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Ca' Vignal 1, Strada le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy
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