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Godoy-Hernandez A, McMillan DGG. The Profound Influence of Lipid Composition on the Catalysis of the Drug Target NADH Type II Oxidoreductase. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11050363. [PMID: 34067848 PMCID: PMC8156991 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play a pivotal role in cellular respiration, providing the natural environment in which an oxidoreductase interacts with the quinone pool. To date, it is generally accepted that negatively charged lipids play a major role in the activity of quinone oxidoreductases. By changing lipid compositions when assaying a type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, we demonstrate that phosphatidylethanolamine has an essential role in substrate binding and catalysis. We also reveal the importance of acyl chain composition, specifically c14:0, on membrane-bound quinone-mediated catalysis. This demonstrates that oxidoreductase lipid specificity is more diverse than originally thought and that the lipid environment plays an important role in the physiological catalysis of membrane-bound oxidoreductases.
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Dharmaraj K, Dattler D, Kahlert H, Lendeckel U, Nagel F, Delcea M, Scholz F. The effects of the chemical environment of menaquinones in lipid monolayers on mercury electrodes on the thermodynamics and kinetics of their electrochemistry. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 50:731-743. [PMID: 33730176 PMCID: PMC8260536 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effects of the chemical environment of menaquinones (all-trans MK-4 and all-trans MK-7) incorporated in lipid monolayers on mercury electrodes have been studied with respect to the thermodynamics and kinetics of their electrochemistry. The chemical environment relates to the composition of lipid films as well as the adjacent aqueous phase. It could be shown that the addition of all-trans MK-4 to TMCL does not change the phase transition temperatures of TMCL. In case of DMPC monolayers, the presence of cholesterol has no effect on the thermodynamics (formal redox potentials) of all-trans MK-7, but the kinetics are affected. Addition of an inert electrolyte (sodium perchlorate; change of ionic strength) to the aqueous phase shifts the redox potentials of all-trans MK-7 only slightly. The formal redox potentials of all-trans MK-4 were determined in TMCL and nCL monolayers and found to be higher in nCL monolayers than in TMCL monolayers. The apparent electron transfer rate constants, transfer coefficients and activation energies of all-trans MK-4 in cardiolipins have been also determined. Most surprisingly, the apparent electron transfer rate constants of all-trans MK-4 exhibit an opposite pH dependence for TMCL and nCL films: the rate constants increase in TMCL films with increasing pH, but in nCL films they increase with decreasing pH. This study is a contribution to understand environmental effects on the redox properties of membrane bond redox systems.
Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppasamy Dharmaraj
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Dattler
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heike Kahlert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Nagel
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fritz Scholz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
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Differential Roles of a Family of Flavodoxin-Like Proteins That Promote Resistance to Quinone-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Candida albicans. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00670-20. [PMID: 33468576 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00670-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans within a mammalian host relies on its ability to resist oxidative stress. The four flavodoxin-like proteins (Pst1, Pst2, Pst3, and Ycp4) that reside on the inner surface of the C. albicans plasma membrane represent a recently discovered antioxidant mechanism that is essential for virulence. Flavodoxin-like proteins combat oxidative stress by promoting a two-electron reduction of quinone molecules, which prevents the formation of toxic semiquinone radicals. Previous studies indicated that Pst3 played a major role in promoting resistance to the small quinone molecules p-benzoquinone and menadione. Analysis of additional quinones confirmed this role for Pst3. To better define their function, antibodies were raised against each of the four flavodoxin-like proteins and used to quantify protein levels. Interestingly, the basal level of flavodoxin-like proteins differed, with Pst3 and Ycp4 being the most abundant. However, after induction with p-benzoquinone, Pst1 and Pst3 were the most highly induced, resulting in Pst3 becoming the most abundant. Constitutive expression of the flavodoxin-like protein genes from a TDH3 promoter resulted in similar protein levels and showed that Pst1 and Pst3 were better at protecting C. albicans against p-benzoquinone than Pst2 or Ycp4. In contrast, Pst1 and Ycp4 provided better protection against oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Thus, both the functional properties and the relative abundance contribute to the distinct roles of the flavodoxin-like proteins in resisting oxidative stress. These results further define how C. albicans combats the host immune response and survives in an environment rich in oxidative stress.
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Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Ivanov BN, Orekhova NI, Osochuk SS. Antioxidant Properties of Plastoquinone and Prospects of its Practical Application. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918060040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Hoyo J, Guaus E, Torrent-Burgués J. Influence of membrane galactolipids and surface pressure on plastoquinone behaviour. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 111:123-30. [PMID: 27317998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work biomimetic monolayers of a MGDG, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, and DGDG, digalactosyldiacylglycerol mixture (MD), in a ratio close to that of the thylakoid membranes of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, have been prepared. The lipid mixture incorporates plastoquinone-9 (PQ), that is the electron and proton shuttle of the photosynthetic reaction centres. The MD:PQ mixtures have been firstly studied using surface pressure-area isotherms. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of those mixtures have been transferred onto a substrate forming a monolayer that mimics one of the bilayer sides of the thylakoid membranes. These monolayers have been characterized topographically and electrochemically. The results show the influence of PQ in the MD matrix and its partial expulsion when increasing the surface pressure, obtaining two main PQ positions in the MD matrix. The calculated apparent electron transfer rate constants indicate a different kinetic control for the reduction and the oxidation of the PQ/PQH2 couple, being kRapp(I)=0.7·10(-6)s(-1), kRapp(II)=2.2·10(-9)s(-1), kOapp(I)=7.4·10(-4)s(-1) and kOapp(II)=5.2·10(-5)s(-1), respectively. The comparison of the different galactolipid:PQ systems that our group has studied is also presented, concluding that the PQ position in the galactolipid matrix can be tuned according to several controlled variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hoyo
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Guaus
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torrent-Burgués
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nerdal W, Nilsen TRS, Steinkopf S. CoenzymeQ10 localizations in model membranes. A Langmuir monolayer study. Biophys Chem 2015; 207:74-81. [PMID: 26408828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willy Nerdal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Signe Steinkopf
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Bergen University College, Inndalsveien 28, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
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Lecompte MF, Gaibelet G, Lebrun C, Tercé F, Collet X, Orlowski S. Cholesterol and Sphingomyelin-Containing Model Condensed Lipid Monolayers: Heterogeneities Involving Ordered Microdomains Assessed by Two Cholesterol Derivatives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11921-11931. [PMID: 26466013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid monolayers are often considered as model membranes, but they are also the physiologic lipid part of the peripheral envelope of lipoproteins and cytosolic lipid bodies. However, their structural organization is still rather elusive, in particular when both cholesterol and sphingomyelin are present. To investigate such structural organization of hemimembranes, we measured, using alternative current voltammetry, the differential capacitance of condensed phosphatidylcholine-based monolayers as a function of applied potential, which is sensitive to their lipid composition and molecular arrangement. Especially, monolayers containing both sphingomyelin and cholesterol, at 15% w/w, presented specific characteristics of the differential capacitance versus potential curves recorded, which was indicative of specific interactions between these two lipid components. We then compared the behavior of two cholesterol derivatives (at 15% w/w), 21-methylpyrenyl-cholesterol (Pyr-met-Chol) and 22-nitrobenzoxadiazole-cholesterol (NBD-Chol), with that of cholesterol when present in model monolayers. Indeed, these two probes were chosen because of previous findings reporting opposite behaviors within bilayer membranes regarding their interaction with ordered lipids, with only Pyr-met-Chol mimicking cholesterol well. Remarkably, in monolayers containing sphingomyelin or not, Pyr-met-Chol and NBD-Chol presented contrasting behaviors, and Pyr-met-Chol mimicked cholesterol only in the presence of sphingomyelin. These two observations (i.e., optimal amounts of sphingomyelin and cholesterol, and the ability to discriminate between Pyr-met-Chol and NBD-Chol) can be interpreted by the existence of heterogeneities including ordered patches in sphingomyelin- and cholesterol-containing monolayers. Since such monolayer lipid arrangement shares some properties with the raft-type lipid microdomains well-described in sphingomyelin- and cholesterol-containing bilayer membranes, our data thus strongly suggest the existence of compact and ordered microdomains in model lipid monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gérald Gaibelet
- INSERM U563, CHU Purpan, 31024 Toulouse cedex 3, France
- SB2SM and UMR8221/9198 CNRS, IBiTec-Saclay, CEA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | | | - François Tercé
- INSERM U1048, Université Toulouse III, UMR 1048, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Collet
- INSERM U1048, Université Toulouse III, UMR 1048, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Orlowski
- INSERM U563, CHU Purpan, 31024 Toulouse cedex 3, France
- SB2SM and UMR8221/9198 CNRS, IBiTec-Saclay, CEA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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Li L, Naseem S, Sharma S, Konopka JB. Flavodoxin-Like Proteins Protect Candida albicans from Oxidative Stress and Promote Virulence. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005147. [PMID: 26325183 PMCID: PMC4556627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Candida albicans causes lethal systemic infections in humans. To better define how pathogens resist oxidative attack by the immune system, we examined a family of four Flavodoxin-Like Proteins (FLPs) in C. albicans. In agreement with previous studies showing that FLPs in bacteria and plants act as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductases, a C. albicans quadruple mutant lacking all four FLPs (pst1Δ, pst2Δ, pst3Δ, ycp4Δ) was more sensitive to benzoquinone. Interestingly, the quadruple mutant was also more sensitive to a variety of oxidants. Quinone reductase activity confers important antioxidant effects because resistance to oxidation was restored in the quadruple mutant by expressing either Escherichia coli wrbA or mammalian NQO1, two distinct types of quinone reductases. FLPs were detected at the plasma membrane in C. albicans, and the quadruple mutant was more sensitive to linolenic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid that can auto-oxidize and promote lipid peroxidation. These observations suggested that FLPs reduce ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), enabling it to serve as an antioxidant in the membrane. In support of this, a C. albicans coq3Δ mutant that fails to synthesize ubiquinone was also highly sensitive to oxidative stress. FLPs are critical for survival in the host, as the quadruple mutant was avirulent in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis under conditions where infection with wild type C. albicans was lethal. The quadruple mutant cells initially grew well in kidneys, the major site of C. albicans growth in mice, but then declined after the influx of neutrophils and by day 4 post-infection 33% of the mice cleared the infection. Thus, FLPs and ubiquinone are important new antioxidant mechanisms that are critical for fungal virulence. The potential of FLPs as novel targets for antifungal therapy is further underscored by their absence in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Shamoon Naseem
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - James B. Konopka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hoyo J, Guaus E, Torrent-Burgués J, Sanz F. Electrochemistry of LB films of mixed MGDG:UQ on ITO. Bioelectrochemistry 2015; 104:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hoyo J, Guaus E, Torrent-Burgués J, Sanz F. Biomimetic Monolayer Films of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Incorporating Plastoquinone. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:6170-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hoyo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Guaus
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Juan Torrent-Burgués
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa (Barcelona), Spain
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fausto Sanz
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Hoyo J, Guaus E, Torrent-Burgués J, Sanz F. Biomimetic monolayer films of digalactosyldiacylglycerol incorporating plastoquinone. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1341-51. [PMID: 25771450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The photosynthesis is the process used by plants and bacteria cells to convert inorganic matter in organic thanks to the light energy. This process consist on several steps, being one of them the electronic transport from the photosystem II to the cytochrome thanks to plastoquinone-9 (PQ). Here we prepare membranes that mimic the characteristics and composition of natural photosynthetic cell membranes and we characterize them in order to obtain the PQ molecules position in the membrane and their electrochemical behaviour. The selected galactolipid is digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) that represents the 30% of the thylakoid membrane lipid content. The results obtained are worthful for several science fields due to the relevance of galactolipids as anti-algal, anti-viral, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory agents and the antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties of prenylquinones. Both pure components (DGDG and PQ) and the DGDG:PQ mixtures have been studied using surface pressure-area isotherms. These isotherms give information about the film stability and indicate the thermodynamic behaviour of the mixture and their physical state. The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film has been transferred forming a monolayer that mimics the bottom layer of the biological membranes. This monolayer on mica has been topographically characterized using AFM and both the height and the physical state that they present have been obtained. Moreover, these monolayers have been transferred onto ITO that is a hydrophilic substrate with good optical and electrical features, so that, it is suitable for studying the electrochemical behaviour of these systems and it is a good candidate for energy producing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hoyo
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Guaus
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torrent-Burgués
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fausto Sanz
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Dpt. Physical-Chemistry, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Marquês JT, Antunes CA, Santos FC, de Almeida RF. Biomembrane Organization and Function. ADVANCES IN PLANAR LIPID BILAYERS AND LIPOSOMES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adplan.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Marquês JT, Viana AS, de Almeida RFM. A biomimetic platform to study the interactions of bioelectroactive molecules with lipid nanodomains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12627-12637. [PMID: 25267380 DOI: 10.1021/la503086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a biomimetic platform where the study of membrane associated redox processes and high-resolution imaging of lipid nanodomains can be both performed, based on a new functional gold modification, l-cysteine self-assembled monolayer. This monolayer proved to be ideal for the preparation of defect-free planar supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) where nanodomains with height difference of ∼1.5 nm are clearly resolved by atomic force microscopy. Single and multicomponent lipid compositions were used, leading to the formation of different phases and domains mimicking the lateral organization of cellular membranes, and in all cases stable and continuous bilayers were obtained. These platforms were tested toward the interaction with bioelectroactive molecules, the antioxidant quercetin, and the hormone epinephrine. Despite the weak interaction detected between epinephrine and lipid bilayers, our biomimetic interface was able to sense the redox process of membrane-bound epinephrine, obtain its surface concentration (9.36 × 10(-11) mol/cm(2) for a fluid bilayer), and estimate a mole fraction membrane/water partition coefficient (Kp) from cyclic voltammetric measurements (1.13 × 10(4) for a fluid phase membrane). This Kp could be used to quantitatively describe the minute changes observed in the photophysical properties of epinephrine intrinsic fluorescence upon its interaction with liposome suspensions. Moreover, we showed that the lipid membrane stabilizes epinephrine structure, preventing its oxidation, which occurs in neutral aqueous solution, and that epinephrine partition and mobility in membranes depends on lipid phase, expanding our knowledge on hormone membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim T Marquês
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Lipid bilayers supported on bare and modified gold – Formation, characterization and relevance of lipid rafts. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Hoyo J, Torrent-Burgués J, Guaus E. Biomimetic monolayer films of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol incorporating ubiquinone. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 384:189-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Becucci L, Maran F, Guidelli R. Probing membrane permeabilization by the antibiotic lipopeptaibol trichogin GA IV in a tethered bilayer lipid membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:1656-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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