1
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Timpmann K, Rätsep M, Freiberg A. Dominant role of excitons in photosynthetic color-tuning and light-harvesting. Front Chem 2023; 11:1231431. [PMID: 37908232 PMCID: PMC10613661 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1231431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a vital process that converts sunlight into energy for the Earth's ecosystems. Color adaptation is crucial for different photosynthetic organisms to thrive in their ecological niches. Although the presence of collective excitons in light-harvesting complexes is well known, the role of delocalized excited states in color tuning and excitation energy transfer remains unclear. This study evaluates the characteristics of photosynthetic excitons in sulfur and non-sulfur purple bacteria using advanced optical spectroscopic techniques at reduced temperatures. The exciton effects in these bacteriochlorophyll a-containing species are generally much stronger than in plant systems that rely on chlorophylls. Their exciton bandwidth varies based on multiple factors such as chromoprotein structure, surroundings of the pigments, carotenoid content, hydrogen bonding, and metal ion inclusion. The study nevertheless establishes a linear relationship between the exciton bandwidth and Qy singlet exciton absorption peak, which in case of LH1 core complexes from different species covers almost 130 nm. These findings provide important insights into bacterial color tuning and light-harvesting, which can inspire sustainable energy strategies and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kõu Timpmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Rätsep
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arvi Freiberg
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
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2
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Timpmann K, Kangur L, Freiberg A. Hysteretic Pressure Dependence of Ca 2+ Binding in LH1 Bacterial Membrane Chromoproteins. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:456-464. [PMID: 36608327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Much of the thermodynamic parameter values that support life are set by the properties of proteins. While the denaturing effects of pressure and temperature on proteins are well documented, their precise structural nature is rarely revealed. This work investigates the destabilization of multiple Ca2+ binding sites in the cyclic LH1 light-harvesting membrane chromoprotein complexes from two Ca-containing sulfur purple bacteria by hydrostatic high-pressure perturbation spectroscopy. The native (Ca-saturated) and denatured (Ca-depleted) phases of these complexes are well distinguishable by much-shifted bacteriochlorophyll a exciton absorption bands serving as innate optical probes in this study. The pressure-induced denaturation of the complexes related to the failure of the protein Ca-binding pockets and the concomitant breakage of hydrogen bonds between the pigment chromophores and protein environment were found cooperative, involving all or most of the Ca2+ binding sites, but irreversible. The strong hysteresis observed in the spectral and kinetic characteristics of phase transitions along the compression and decompression pathways implies asymmetry in the relevant free energy landscapes and activation free energy distributions. A phase transition pressure equal to about 1.9 kbar was evaluated for the complexes from Thiorhodovibrio strain 970 from the pressure dependence of biphasic kinetics observed in the minutes to 100 h time range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kõu Timpmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Kangur
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arvi Freiberg
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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3
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Timpmann K, Linnanto JM, Yadav D, Kangur L, Freiberg A. Hydrostatic High-Pressure-Induced Denaturation of LH2 Membrane Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9979-9989. [PMID: 34460261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The denaturation of globular proteins by high pressure is frequently associated with the release of internal voids and/or the exposure of the hydrophobic protein interior to a polar aqueous solvent. Similar evidence with respect to membrane proteins is not available. Here, we investigate the impact of hydrostatic pressures reaching 12 kbar on light-harvesting 2 integral membrane complexes of purple photosynthetic bacteria using two types of innate chromophores in separate strategic locations: bacteriochlorophyll-a in the hydrophobic interior and tryptophan at both protein-solvent interfacial gateways to internal voids. The complexes from mutant Rhodobacter sphaeroides with low resilience against pressure were considered in parallel with the naturally robust complexes of Thermochromatium tepidum. In the former case, a firm correlation was established between the abrupt blue shift of the bacteriochlorophyll-a exciton absorption, a known indicator of the breakage of tertiary structure pigment-protein hydrogen bonds, and the quenching of tryptophan fluorescence, a supposed result of further protein solvation. No such effects were observed in the reference complex. While these data may be naively taken as supporting evidence of the governing role of hydration, the analysis of atomistic model structures of the complexes confirmed the critical part of the structure in the pressure-induced denaturation of the membrane proteins studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kõu Timpmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Juha Matti Linnanto
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Dheerendra Yadav
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Liina Kangur
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Arvi Freiberg
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia.,Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu Str. 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
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4
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Timpmann K, Jalviste E, Chenchiliyan M, Kangur L, Jones MR, Freiberg A. High-pressure tuning of primary photochemistry in bacterial photosynthesis: membrane-bound versus detergent-isolated reaction centers. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:209-220. [PMID: 32095925 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While photosynthesis thrives at close to normal pressures and temperatures, it is presently well known that life is similarly commonplace in the hostile environments of the deep seas as well as around hydrothermal vents. It is thus imperative to understand how key biological processes perform under extreme conditions of high pressures and temperatures. Herein, comparative steady-state and picosecond time-resolved spectroscopic studies were performed on membrane-bound and detergent-purified forms of a YM210W mutant reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides under modulating conditions of high hydrostatic pressure applied at ambient temperature. A previously established breakage of the lone hydrogen bond formed between the RC primary donor and the protein scaffold was shown to take place in the membrane-bound RC at an almost 3 kbar higher pressure than in the purified RC, confirming the stabilizing role of the lipid environment for membrane proteins. The main change in the multi-exponential decay of excited primary donor emission across the experimental 10 kbar pressure range involved an over two-fold continuous acceleration, the kinetics becoming increasingly mono-exponential. The fastest component of the emission decay, thought to be largely governed by the rate of primary charge separation, was distinctly slower in the membrane-bound RC than in the purified RC. The change in character of the emission decay with pressure was explained by the contribution of charge recombination to emission decreasing with pressure as a result of an increasing free energy gap between the charge-separated and excited primary donor states. Finally, it was demonstrated that, in contrast to a long-term experimental paradigm, adding a combination of sodium ascorbate and phenazine methosulfate to the protein solution potentially distorts natural photochemistry in bacterial RCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kõu Timpmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Erko Jalviste
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Manoop Chenchiliyan
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Liina Kangur
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Michael R Jones
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Arvi Freiberg
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia.
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5
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Kangur L, Rätsep M, Timpmann K, Wang-Otomo ZY, Freiberg A. The two light-harvesting membrane chromoproteins of Thermochromatium tepidum expose distinct robustness against temperature and pressure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148205. [PMID: 32305413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An increased robustness against high temperature and the much red-shifted near-infrared absorption spectrum of excitons in the LH1-RC core pigment-protein complex from the thermophilic photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium Thermochromatium tepidum has recently attracted much interest. In the present work, thermal and hydrostatic pressure stability of the peripheral LH2 and core LH1-RC complexes from this bacterium were in parallel investigated by various optical spectroscopy techniques applied over a wide spectral range from far-ultraviolet to near-infrared. In contrast to expectations, very distinct robustness of the complexes was established, while the sturdiness of LH2 surpassed that of LH1-RC both with respect to temperatures between 288 and 360 K, and pressures between 1 bar and 14 kbar. Subtle structural variances related to the hydrogen bond network are likely responsible for the extra stability of LH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Kangur
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Rätsep
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kõu Timpmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Arvi Freiberg
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia.
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6
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Golub M, Pieper J, Peters J, Kangur L, Martin EC, Hunter CN, Freiberg A. Picosecond Dynamical Response to a Pressure-Induced Break of the Tertiary Structure Hydrogen Bonds in a Membrane Chromoprotein. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2087-2093. [PMID: 30739452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b11196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We used elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS) to find out if structural changes accompanying local hydrogen bond rupture are also reflected in global dynamical response of the protein complex. Chromatophore membranes from LH2-only strains of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, with spheroidenone or neurosporene as the major carotenoids, were subjected to high hydrostatic pressure at ambient temperature. Optical spectroscopy conducted at high pressure confirmed rupture of tertiary structure hydrogen bonds. In parallel, we used EINS to follow average motions of the hydrogen atoms in LH2, which reflect the flexibility of this complex. A decrease of the average atomic mean square displacements of hydrogen atoms was observed up to a pressure of 5 kbar in both carotenoid samples due to general stiffening of protein structures, while at higher pressures a slight increase of the displacements was detected in the neurosporene mutant LH2 sample only. These data show a correlation between the local pressure-induced breakage of H-bonds, observed in optical spectra, with the altered protein dynamics monitored by EINS. The slightly higher compressibility of the neurosporene mutant sample shows that even subtle alterations of carotenoids are manifested on a larger scale and emphasize a close connection between the local structure and global dynamics of this membrane protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Golub
- Institute of Physics , University of Tartu , W. Ostwald Str. 1 , 50411 Tartu , Estonia
| | - Jörg Pieper
- Institute of Physics , University of Tartu , W. Ostwald Str. 1 , 50411 Tartu , Estonia
| | - Judith Peters
- Institut Laue Langevin , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France.,University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Liina Kangur
- Institute of Physics , University of Tartu , W. Ostwald Str. 1 , 50411 Tartu , Estonia
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , University of Sheffield , S10 2TN Sheffield , U.K
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , University of Sheffield , S10 2TN Sheffield , U.K
| | - Arvi Freiberg
- Institute of Physics , University of Tartu , W. Ostwald Str. 1 , 50411 Tartu , Estonia.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology , University of Tartu , Riia 23 , 51010 Tartu , Estonia
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7
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Structural stability of human butyrylcholinesterase under high hydrostatic pressure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1867:107-113. [PMID: 30414450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human butyrylcholinesterase is a nonspecific enzyme of clinical, pharmacological and toxicological significance. Although the enzyme is relatively stable, its activity is affected by numerous factors, including pressure. In this work, hydrostatic pressure dependence of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence in native and salted human butyrylcholinesterase was studied up to the maximum pressure at ambient temperature of about 1200 MPa. A correlated large shift toward long wavelengths and broadening observed at pressures between 200 and 700 MPa was interpreted as due to high pressure-induced denaturation of the protein, leading to an enhanced exposure of tryptophan residues into polar solvent environment. This transient process in native butyrylcholinesterase presumably involves conformational changes of the enzyme at both tertiary and secondary structure levels. Pressure-induced mixing of emitting local indole electronic transitions with quenching charge transfer states likely describes the accompanying fluorescence quenching that reveals different course from spectral changes. All the pressure-induced changes turned irreversible after passing a mid-point pressure of about 400 ± 50 MPa. Addition of either 0.1 M ammonium sulphate (a kosmotropic salt) or 0.1 M lithium thiocyanate (a chaotropic salt) to native enzyme similarly destabilized its structure.
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8
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Montemayor D, Rivera E, Jang SJ. Computational Modeling of Exciton-Bath Hamiltonians for Light Harvesting 2 and Light Harvesting 3 Complexes of Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem B 2018. [PMID: 29533664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Light harvesting 2 (LH2) complex is the primary component of the photosynthetic unit of purple bacteria that is responsible for harvesting and relaying excitons. The electronic absorption line shape of LH2 contains two major bands at 800 and 850 nm wavelength regions. Under low light conditions, some species of purple bacteria replace LH2 with light harvesting 3 (LH3), a variant form with almost the same structure as the former but with distinctively different spectral features. The major difference between the absorption line shapes of LH2 and LH3 is the shift of the 850 nm band of the former to a new 820 nm region. The microscopic origin of this difference has been the subject of some theoretical/computational investigations. However, the genuine molecular level source of such a difference is not clearly understood yet. This work reports a comprehensive computational study of LH2 and LH3 complexes so as to clarify different molecular level features of LH2 and LH3 complexes and to construct simple exciton-bath models with a common form. All-atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of both LH2 and LH3 complexes provide detailed molecular level structural differences of bacteriochlorophylls (BChls) in the two complexes, in particular, in their patterns of hydrogen bonding (HB) and torsional angles of the acetyl group. Time-dependent density functional theory calculation of the excitation energies of BChls for structures sampled from the MD simulations suggests that the observed differences in the HB and torsional angles cannot fully account for the experimentally observed spectral shift of LH3. Potential sources that can explain the actual spectral shift of LH3 are discussed, and their magnitudes are assessed through fitting of experimental line shapes. These results demonstrate the feasibility of developing simple exciton-bath models for both LH2 and LH3, which can be employed for large-scale exciton quantum dynamics in their aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montemayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College , City University of New York , 65-30 Kissena Boulevard , Queens , New York 11367 , United States.,PhD Programs in Chemistry and Physics, and Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, Graduate Center , City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Eva Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College , City University of New York , 65-30 Kissena Boulevard , Queens , New York 11367 , United States.,PhD Programs in Chemistry and Physics, and Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, Graduate Center , City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Seogjoo J Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College , City University of New York , 65-30 Kissena Boulevard , Queens , New York 11367 , United States.,PhD Programs in Chemistry and Physics, and Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, Graduate Center , City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 , United States
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9
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Kangur L, Jones MR, Freiberg A. Hydrogen bonds in the vicinity of the special pair of the bacterial reaction center probed by hydrostatic high-pressure absorption spectroscopy. Biophys Chem 2017; 231:27-33. [PMID: 28438349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Using the native bacteriochlorophyll a pigment cofactors as local probes, we investigated the response to external hydrostatic high pressure of reaction center membrane protein complexes from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Wild-type and engineered complexes were used with a varied number (0, 1 or 2) of hydrogen bonds that bind the reaction center primary donor bacteriochlorophyll cofactors to the surrounding protein scaffold. A pressure-induced breakage of hydrogen bonds was established for both detergent-purified and membrane-embedded reaction centers, but at rather different pressures: between 0.2 and 0.3GPa and at about 0.55GPa, respectively. The free energy change associated with the rupture of the single hydrogen bond present in wild-type reaction centers was estimated to be equal to 13-14kJ/mol. In the mutant with two symmetrical hydrogen bonds (FM197H) a single cooperative rupture of the two bonds was observed corresponding to an about twice stronger bond, rather than a sequential rupture of two individual bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Kangur
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael R Jones
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Arvi Freiberg
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
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10
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Böhm PS, Kunz R, Southall J, Cogdell RJ, Köhler J. Does the Reconstitution of RC-LH1 Complexes from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila Strain 10050 into a Phospholipid Bilayer Yield the Optimum Environment for Optical Spectroscopy? J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:15004-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp409980k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Böhm
- Experimental
Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ralf Kunz
- Experimental
Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - June Southall
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College
of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College
of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Experimental
Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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11
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Leiger K, Reisberg L, Freiberg A. Fluorescence Micro-Spectroscopy Study of Individual Photosynthetic Membrane Vesicles and Light-Harvesting Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9315-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4014509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Leiger
- Institute
of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142,
Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Liis Reisberg
- Institute
of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142,
Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Arvi Freiberg
- Institute
of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142,
Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Institute
of Molecular and Cell
Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23,
Tartu 51010, Estonia
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