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Wang K, Yin Z, Sang C, Xia W, Wang Y, Sun T, Xu X. Geometric deep learning for the prediction of magnesium-binding sites in RNA structures. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130150. [PMID: 38365157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are essential for the folding, functional expression, and structural stability of RNA molecules. However, predicting Mg2+-binding sites in RNA molecules based solely on RNA structures is still challenging. The molecular surface, characterized by a continuous shape with geometric and chemical properties, is important for RNA modelling and carries essential information for understanding the interactions between RNAs and Mg2+ ions. Here, we propose an approach named RNA-magnesium ion surface interaction fingerprinting (RMSIF), a geometric deep learning-based conceptual framework to predict magnesium ion binding sites in RNA structures. To evaluate the performance of RMSIF, we systematically enumerated decoy Mg2+ ions across a full-space grid within the range of 2 to 10 Å from the RNA molecule and made predictions accordingly. Visualization techniques were used to validate the prediction results and calculate success rates. Comparative assessments against state-of-the-art methods like MetalionRNA, MgNet, and Metal3DRNA revealed that RMSIF achieved superior success rates and accuracy in predicting Mg2+-binding sites. Additionally, in terms of the spatial distribution of Mg2+ ions within the RNA structures, a majority were situated in the deep grooves, while a minority occupied the shallow grooves. Collectively, the conceptual framework developed in this study holds promise for advancing insights into drug design, RNA co-transcriptional folding, and structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zuode Yin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Chunjiang Sang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Wentao Xia
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China.
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Halder A, Data D, Seelam PP, Bhattacharyya D, Mitra A. Estimating Strengths of Individual Hydrogen Bonds in RNA Base Pairs: Toward a Consensus between Different Computational Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:7354-7368. [PMID: 31459834 PMCID: PMC6648064 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Noncoding RNA molecules are composed of a large variety of noncanonical base pairs that shape up their functionally competent folded structures. Each base pair is composed of at least two interbase hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). It is expected that the characteristic geometry and stability of different noncanonical base pairs are determined collectively by the properties of these interbase H-bonds. We have studied the ground-state electronic properties [using density functional theory (DFT) and DFT-D3-based methods] of all the 118 normal base pairs and 36 modified base pairs, belonging to 12 different geometric families (cis and trans of WW, WH, HH, WS, HS, and SS) that occur in a nonredundant set of high-resolution RNA crystal structures. Having addressed some of the limitations of the earlier approaches, we provide here a comprehensive compilation of the average energies of different types of interbase H-bonds (E HB). We have also characterized each interbase H-bond using 13 different parameters that describe its geometry, charge distribution at its bond critical point (BCP), and n → σ*-type charge transfer from filled π orbitals of the H-bond acceptor to the empty antibonding orbital of the H-bond donor. On the basis of the extent of their linear correlation with the H-bonding energy, we have shortlisted five parameters to model linear equations for predicting E HB values. They are (i) electron density at the BCP: ρ, (ii) its Laplacian: ∇2ρ, (iii) stabilization energy due to n → σ*-type charge transfer: E(2), (iv) donor-hydrogen distance, and (v) hydrogen-acceptor distance. We have performed single variable and multivariable linear regression analysis over the normal base pairs and have modeled sets of linear relationships between these five parameters and E HB. Performance testing of our model over the set of modified base pairs shows promising results, at least for the moderately strong H-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antarip Halder
- Center
for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB), International Institute of Information Technology
(IIIT-H), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Dhruv Data
- Center
for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB), International Institute of Information Technology
(IIIT-H), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Preethi P. Seelam
- Center
for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB), International Institute of Information Technology
(IIIT-H), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Dhananjay Bhattacharyya
- Computational
Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear
Physics(SINP), 1/AF,
Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Center
for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB), International Institute of Information Technology
(IIIT-H), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, India
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Halder A, Vemuri S, Roy R, Katuri J, Bhattacharyya D, Mitra A. Evidence for Hidden Involvement of N3-Protonated Guanine in RNA Structure and Function. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:699-709. [PMID: 30775644 PMCID: PMC6372247 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Charged nucleobases have been found to occur in several known RNA molecules and are considered essential for their structure and function. The mechanism of their involvement is however not yet fully understood. Revelation of the role of N7-protonated guanine, in modulating the geometry and stability of noncanonical base pairs formed through its unprotonated edges [Watson-Crick (WC) and sugar], has triggered the need to evaluate the feasibility of similar roles of other protonated nucleobases [Halder et al., Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2015, 17, 26249]. In this context, N3 protonation of guanine makes an interesting case as its influence on the charge distribution of the WC edge is similar to that of N7 protonation, though its thermodynamic cost of protonation is significantly higher. In this work, we have carried out structural bioinformatics analyses and quantum mechanics-based calculations to show that N3 protonation of guanine may take place in a cellular environment, at least in the G:C W:W Trans and G:G W:H Cis base pairs. Our results provide a reasonable starting point for future investigations in order to address the larger mechanistic question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antarip Halder
- Center
for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB), International Institute of Information Technology,
Hyderabad (IIIT-H), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Saurabh Vemuri
- Center
for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB), International Institute of Information Technology,
Hyderabad (IIIT-H), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Rohit Roy
- Center
for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB), International Institute of Information Technology,
Hyderabad (IIIT-H), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Jayanth Katuri
- Center
for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB), International Institute of Information Technology,
Hyderabad (IIIT-H), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Dhananjay Bhattacharyya
- Computational
Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear
Physics (SINP), 1/AF,
Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Center
for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB), International Institute of Information Technology,
Hyderabad (IIIT-H), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
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Maestri S, Merelli E. Process calculi may reveal the equivalence lying at the heart of RNA and proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:559. [PMID: 30679593 PMCID: PMC6345955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful use of process calculi to specify behavioural models allows us to compare RNA and protein folding processes from a new perspective. We model the folding processes as behaviours resulting from the interactions that nucleotides and amino acids (the elementary units that compose RNAs and proteins respectively) perform on their linear sequences. This approach is intended to provide new knowledge about the studied systems without strictly relying on empirical data. By applying Milner’s CCS process algebra to highlight the distinguishing features of the two folding processes, we discovered an abstraction level at which they show behavioural equivalences. We believe that this result could be interpreted as a clue in favour of the highly-debated RNA World theory, according to which, in the early stages of cell evolution, RNA molecules played most of the functional and structural roles carried out today by proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Maestri
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Emanuela Merelli
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy.
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Hartono YD, Ito M, Villa A, Nilsson L. Computational Study of Uracil Tautomeric Forms in the Ribosome: The Case of Uracil and 5-Oxyacetic Acid Uracil in the First Anticodon Position of tRNA. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1152-1160. [PMID: 29260566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tautomerism is important in many biomolecular interactions, not least in RNA biology. Crystallographic studies show the possible presence of minor tautomer forms of transfer-RNA (tRNA) anticodon bases in the ribosome. The hydrogen positions are not resolved in the X-ray studies, and we have used ab initio calculations and molecular dynamics simulations to understand if and how the minor enol form of uracil (U), or the modified uracil 5-oxyacetic acid (cmo5U), can be accommodated in the tRNA-messenger-RNA interactions in the ribosome decoding center. Ab initio calculations on isolated bases show that the modification affects the keto-enol equilibrium of the uracil base only slightly; the keto form is dominant (>99.99%) in both U and cmo5U. Other factors such as interactions with the surrounding nucleotides or ions would be required to shift the equilibrium toward the enol tautomer. Classical molecular simulations show a better agreement with the X-ray structures for the enol form, but free energy calculations indicate that the most stable form is the keto. In the ribosome, the enol tautomers of U and cmo5U pair with a guanine forming two hydrogen bonds, which do not involve the enol group. The oxyacetic acid modification has a minor effect on the keto-enol equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossa Dwi Hartono
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet , SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.,Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
| | - Mika Ito
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet , SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Villa
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet , SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lennart Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet , SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
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Halder A, Roy R, Bhattacharyya D, Mitra A. Consequences of Mg2+ binding on the geometry and stability of RNA base pairs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21934-21948. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03602k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations reveal the role of magnesium in stabilizing the geometries of intrinsically unstable RNA base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antarip Halder
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB)
- International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-H)
- Hyderabad 500032
- India
| | - Rohit Roy
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB)
- International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-H)
- Hyderabad 500032
- India
| | | | - Abhijit Mitra
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB)
- International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-H)
- Hyderabad 500032
- India
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