Cholesterol Promotes Protein Binding by Affecting Membrane Electrostatics and Solvation Properties

Mesoscale Computational Modeling of Protein-Membrane Interactions Based on Continuum Mean-Field Theory

Quantitative computational modeling of protein-membrane interactions is of great importance as it aids in the interpretation of experimental results and enables design and exploration of new experimental systems. This review describes one such computational approach conceived specifically to treat electrostatically driven interactions between a lipid membrane and a protein (or protein domains) adsorbing onto the membrane. The methodology is based on self-consistent minimization of the governing free energy functional which is expressed in the mean-field approximation and has contributions from electrostatic interactions as well as from mixing entropy of lipids in the membrane and ions in the solution. The method enables calculation of the free energy of the binding process and quantification of the steady-state lipid distribution around the adsorbing protein. The extension of the method to include membrane deformation degrees of freedom further allows calculation of the equilibrium bilayer shape upon the protein binding.