1
|
Sukhtankar DD, Fung JJ, Kim MN, Cayton T, Chiou V, Caculitan NG, Zalicki P, Kim S, Jo Y, Kim S, Lee JM, Choi J, Mun S, Chin A, Jang Y, Lee JY, Kim G, Kim EH, Huh WK, Jeong JY, Seen DS, Cardarelli PM. GPC-100, a novel CXCR4 antagonist, improves in vivo hematopoietic cell mobilization when combined with propranolol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287863. [PMID: 37878624 PMCID: PMC10599528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) is increasingly used to treat hematological malignancies. A key requisite for ASCT is mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood, where they are collected by apheresis and stored for later transplantation. However, success is often hindered by poor mobilization due to factors including prior treatments. The combination of G-CSF and GPC-100, a small molecule antagonist of CXCR4, showed potential in a multiple myeloma clinical trial for sufficient and rapid collection of CD34+ stem cells, compared to the historical results from the standards of care, G-CSF alone or G-CSF with plerixafor, also a CXCR4 antagonist. In the present study, we show that GPC-100 has high affinity towards the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and it potently inhibits β-arrestin recruitment, calcium flux and cell migration mediated by its ligand CXCL12. Proximity Ligation Assay revealed that in native cell systems with endogenous receptor expression, CXCR4 co-localizes with the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR). Co-treatment with CXCL12 and the β2AR agonist epinephrine synergistically increases β-arrestin recruitment to CXCR4 and calcium flux. This increase is blocked by the co-treatment with GPC-100 and propranolol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker, indicating a functional synergy. In mice, GPC-100 mobilized more white blood cells into peripheral blood compared to plerixafor. GPC-100 induced mobilization was further amplified by propranolol pretreatment and was comparable to mobilization by G-CSF. Addition of propranolol to the G-CSF and GPC-100 combination resulted in greater stem cell mobilization than the G-CSF and plerixafor combination. Together, our studies suggest that the combination of GPC-100 and propranolol is a novel strategy for stem cell mobilization and support the current clinical trial in multiple myeloma registered as NCT05561751 at www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devki D. Sukhtankar
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Juan José Fung
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Mi-na Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Cayton
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Valerie Chiou
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Niña G. Caculitan
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Piotr Zalicki
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Sujeong Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Jo
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SoHui Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Choi
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ashley Chin
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Yongdae Jang
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gowoon Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Pina M. Cardarelli
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ballet S. Call for Papers for a Virtual Special Issue on GPCR Signaling. ACS PHARMACOLOGY & TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Imenez Silva PH, Wagner CA. Physiological relevance of proton-activated GPCRs. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:487-504. [PMID: 35247105 PMCID: PMC8993716 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The detection of H+ concentration variations in the extracellular milieu is accomplished by a series of specialized and non-specialized pH-sensing mechanisms. The proton-activated G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR4 (Gpr4), TDAG8 (Gpr65), and OGR1 (Gpr68) form a subfamily of proteins capable of triggering intracellular signaling in response to alterations in extracellular pH around physiological values, i.e., in the range between pH 7.5 and 6.5. Expression of these receptors is widespread for GPR4 and OGR1 with particularly high levels in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively, while expression of TDAG8 appears to be more restricted to the immune compartment. These receptors have been linked to several well-studied pH-dependent physiological activities including central control of respiration, renal adaption to changes in acid–base status, secretion of insulin and peripheral responsiveness to insulin, mechanosensation, and cellular chemotaxis. Their role in pathological processes such as the genesis and progression of several inflammatory diseases (asthma, inflammatory bowel disease), and tumor cell metabolism and invasiveness, is increasingly receiving more attention and makes these receptors novel and interesting targets for therapy. In this review, we cover the role of these receptors in physiological processes and will briefly discuss some implications for disease processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Connelly SM, Sridharan R, Naider F, Dumont ME. Oligomerization of yeast α-factor receptor detected by fluorescent energy transfer between ligands. Biophys J 2021; 120:5090-5106. [PMID: 34627767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large superfamily of transmembrane receptors responsible for transducing responses to the binding of a wide variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, ions, and other small molecules. There is extensive evidence that GPCRs exist as homo-and hetero-oligomeric complexes; however, in many cases, the role of oligomerization and the extent to which it occurs at low physiological levels of receptor expression in cells remain unclear. We report here the use of flow cytometry to detect receptor-receptor interactions based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between fluorescently labeled cell-impermeant ligands bound to yeast α-mating pheromone receptors that are members of the GPCR superfamily. A novel, to our knowledge, procedure was used to analyze energy transfer as a function of receptor occupancy by donor and acceptor ligands. Measurements of loss of donor fluorescence due to energy transfer in cells expressing high levels of receptors were used to calibrate measurements of enhanced acceptor emission due to energy transfer in cells expressing low levels of receptors. The procedure allows determination of energy transfer efficiencies over a 50-fold range of expression of full-length receptors at the surface of living cells without the need to create fluorescent or bioluminescent fusion proteins. Energy transfer efficiencies for fluorescently labeled derivatives of the receptor agonist α-factor do not depend on receptor expression level and are unaffected by C-terminal truncation of receptors. Fluorescently labeled derivatives of α-factor that act as receptor antagonists exhibit higher transfer efficiencies than those for labeled agonists. Although the approach cannot determine the number of receptors per oligomer, these results demonstrate that ligand-bound, native α-factor receptors exist as stable oligomers in the cell membranes of intact yeast cells at normal physiological expression levels and that the extent of oligomer formation is not dependent on the concentration of receptors in the membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Connelly
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Rajashri Sridharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Fred Naider
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, New York; PhD Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Mark E Dumont
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hong H, Yoon B, Ghil S. Interactions between lysophosphatidylinositol receptor GPR55 and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1P 5 in live cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 570:53-59. [PMID: 34271437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are bioactive lipids implicated in various cellular events including proliferation, migration, and cancer progression. LPI and S1P act as ligands for G-protein coupled GPR55 and S1P receptors, respectively, and activate specific signaling pathways. Both receptors are highly expressed in various cancer tissues and associated with tumor progression. However, physical and functional crosstalk between the two receptors has not been elucidated to date. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) experiments in the current study showed that S1P5 strongly and specifically interacts with GPR55. We observed co-internalization of both receptors upon agonist stimulation. Notably, activation of one receptor induced co-internalization of the partner receptor. Next, we examined functional crosstalk of the two receptors. Interestingly, while activation of the individual receptors augmented cell proliferation, ERK phosphorylation and cancer-associated gene expression in HCT116 cells, co-activation of both receptors inhibited these stimulatory effects. Our collective findings indicate that GPR55 and S1P5 form a heterodimer and their co-activation attenuates the stimulatory activity of each receptor on colon cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hahoon Hong
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsu Yoon
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungho Ghil
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, White et al. (2020) describe CRISPR/Cas9-mediated tagging of GPCRs and β-arrestin to provide a method to study receptor signaling in cells under conditions of endogenous genetic control. The strategy, when coupled with luminescence reporter and complementation technologies, provides new avenues to study GPCRs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Felce JH, Parolini L, Sezgin E, Céspedes PF, Korobchevskaya K, Jones M, Peng Y, Dong T, Fritzsche M, Aarts D, Frater J, Dustin ML. Single-Molecule, Super-Resolution, and Functional Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Behavior Within the T Cell Immunological Synapse. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:608484. [PMID: 33537301 PMCID: PMC7848080 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A central process in immunity is the activation of T cells through interaction of T cell receptors (TCRs) with agonistic peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). TCR-pMHC binding triggers the formation of an extensive contact between the two cells termed the immunological synapse, which acts as a platform for integration of multiple signals determining cellular outcomes, including those from multiple co-stimulatory/inhibitory receptors. Contributors to this include a number of chemokine receptors, notably CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and other members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Although best characterized as mediators of ligand-dependent chemotaxis, some chemokine receptors are also recruited to the synapse and contribute to signaling in the absence of ligation. How these and other GPCRs integrate within the dynamic structure of the synapse is unknown, as is how their normally migratory Gαi-coupled signaling is terminated upon recruitment. Here, we report the spatiotemporal organization of several GPCRs, focusing on CXCR4, and the G protein Gαi2 within the synapse of primary human CD4+ T cells on supported lipid bilayers, using standard- and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. We find that CXCR4 undergoes orchestrated phases of reorganization, culminating in recruitment to the TCR-enriched center. This appears to be dependent on CXCR4 ubiquitination, and does not involve stable interactions with TCR microclusters, as viewed at the nanoscale. Disruption of this process by mutation impairs CXCR4 contributions to cellular activation. Gαi2 undergoes active exclusion from the synapse, partitioning from centrally-accumulated CXCR4. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen, we identify several diverse GPCRs with contributions to T cell activation, most significantly the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1PR1, and the oxysterol receptor GPR183. These, and other GPCRs, undergo organization similar to CXCR4; including initial exclusion, centripetal transport, and lack of receptor-TCR interactions. These constitute the first observations of GPCR dynamics within the synapse, and give insights into how these receptors may contribute to T cell activation. The observation of broad GPCR contributions to T cell activation also opens the possibility that modulating GPCR expression in response to cell status or environment may directly regulate responsiveness to pMHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James H Felce
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Parolini
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pablo F Céspedes
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mathew Jones
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Dong
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Aarts
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Weihs F, Wang J, Pfleger KDG, Dacres H. Experimental determination of the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) Förster distances of NanoBRET and red-shifted BRET pairs. Anal Chim Acta X 2020; 6:100059. [PMID: 33392495 PMCID: PMC7772631 DOI: 10.1016/j.acax.2020.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) is widely applied to study protein-protein interactions, as well as increasingly to monitor both ligand binding and molecular rearrangements. The Förster distance (R0) describes the physical distance between the two chromophores at which 50% of the maximal energy transfer occurs and it depends on the choice of RET components. R0 can be experimentally determined using flexible peptide linkers of known lengths to separate the two chromophores. Knowledge of the R0 helps to inform on the choice of BRET system. For example, we have previously shown that BRET2 exhibits the largest R0 to date for any genetically encoded RET pair, which may be advantageous for investigating large macromolecular complexes if its issues of low and fast-decaying bioluminescence signal can be accommodated. In this study we have determined R0 for a range of bright and red-shifted BRET pairs, including NanoBRET with tetramethylrhodamine (TMR), non-chloro TOM (NCT), mCherry or Venus as acceptor, and BRET6, a red-shifted BRET2-like system. This study revealed R0 values of 6.15 nm and 6.94 nm for NanoBRET using TMR or NCT as acceptor ligands, respectively. R0 was 5.43 nm for NanoLuc-mCherry, 5.59 nm for NanoLuc-Venus and 5.47 nm for BRET6. This extends the palette of available BRET Förster distances, to give researchers a better-informed choice when considering BRET systems and points towards NanoBRET with NCT as a good alternative to BRET2 as an analysis tool for large macromolecular complexes. Experimental determination of Förster distances (R0) for commonly applied BRET pairs. Determination of R0 for NanoBRET with Venus, mCherry and HaloTag (TMR, NCT). Determination of R0 for BRET6. NanoLuc-HaloTag (NCT) exhibits the second largest R0 of any genetically encoded system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Weihs
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Parkville, 343 Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Jian Wang
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia.,Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Helen Dacres
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Food Innovation Centre, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gahbauer S, Böckmann RA. Comprehensive Characterization of Lipid-Guided G Protein-Coupled Receptor Dimerization. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2823-2834. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gahbauer
- Computational Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer A. Böckmann
- Computational Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tran C, Heng B, Teo JD, Humphrey SJ, Qi Y, Couttas TA, Stefen H, Brettle M, Fath T, Guillemin GJ, Don AS. Sphingosine 1-phosphate but not Fingolimod protects neurons against excitotoxic cell death by inducing neurotrophic gene expression in astrocytes. J Neurochem 2019; 153:173-188. [PMID: 31742704 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an essential lipid metabolite that signals through a family of five G protein-coupled receptors, S1PR1-S1PR5, to regulate cell physiology. The multiple sclerosis drug Fingolimod (FTY720) is a potent S1P receptor agonist that causes peripheral lymphopenia. Recent research has demonstrated direct neuroprotective properties of FTY720 in several neurodegenerative paradigms; however, neuroprotective properties of the native ligand S1P have not been established. We aimed to establish the significance of neurotrophic factor up-regulation by S1P for neuroprotection, comparing S1P with FTY720. S1P induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB), and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) gene expression in primary human and murine astrocytes, but not in neurons, and to a much greater extent than FTY720. Accordingly, S1P but not FTY720 protected cultured neurons against excitotoxic cell death in a primary murine neuron-glia coculture model, and a neutralizing antibody to LIF blocked this S1P-mediated neuroprotection. Antagonists of S1PR1 and S1PR2 both inhibited S1P-mediated neurotrophic gene induction in human astrocytes, indicating that simultaneous activation of both receptors is required. S1PR2 signaling was transduced through Gα13 and the small GTPase Rho, and was necessary for the up-regulation and activation of the transcription factors FOS and JUN, which regulate LIF, BDNF, and HBEGF transcription. In summary, we show that S1P protects hippocampal neurons against excitotoxic cell death through up-regulation of neurotrophic gene expression, particularly LIF, in astrocytes. This up-regulation requires both S1PR1 and S1PR2 signaling. FTY720 does not activate S1PR2, explaining its relative inefficacy compared to S1P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collin Tran
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- MND Research Centre, Neuroinflammation group, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Teo
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy A Couttas
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly Stefen
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- MND Research Centre, Neuroinflammation group, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huber T, Sakmar TP. Third-Party Capture of Elusive GPCR Dimers. Biophys J 2019; 116:1-3. [PMID: 30558887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|