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Wubshet NH, Young CJ, Liu AP. Rearrangement of GUV-confined actin networks in response to micropipette aspiration. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:310-317. [PMID: 38326972 PMCID: PMC11303591 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Although diverse actin network architectures found inside the cell have been individually reconstituted outside of the cell, how different types of actin architectures reorganize under applied forces is not entirely understood. Recently, bottom-up reconstitution has enabled studies where dynamic and phenotypic characteristics of various actin networks can be recreated in an isolated cell-like environment. Here, by creating a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV)-based cell model encapsulating actin networks, we investigate how actin networks rearrange in response to localized stresses applied by micropipette aspiration. We reconstitute actin bundles and branched bundles in GUVs separately and mechanically perturb them. Interestingly, we find that, when aspirated, protrusive actin bundles that are otherwise randomly oriented in the GUV lumen collapse and align along the axis of the micropipette. However, when branched bundles are aspirated, the network remains intact and outside of the pipette while the GUV membrane is aspirated into the micropipette. These results reveal distinct responses in the rearrangement of actin networks in a network architecture-dependent manner when subjected to physical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadab H. Wubshet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Cole J. Young
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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2
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Li W, Shu X, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Sun S, Li N, Long M. Potential Roles of YAP/TAZ Mechanotransduction in Spaceflight-Induced Liver Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032197. [PMID: 36768527 PMCID: PMC9917057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgravity exposure during spaceflight causes the disordered regulation of liver function, presenting a specialized mechano-biological coupling process. While YAP/TAZ serves as a typical mechanosensitive pathway involved in hepatocyte metabolism, it remains unclear whether and how it is correlated with microgravity-induced liver dysfunction. Here, we discussed liver function alterations induced by spaceflight or simulated effects of microgravity on Earth. The roles of YAP/TAZ serving as a potential bridge in connecting liver metabolism with microgravity were specifically summarized. Existing evidence indicated that YAP/TAZ target gene expressions were affected by mechanotransductive pathways and phase separation, reasonably speculating that microgravity might regulate YAP/TAZ activation by disrupting these pathways via cytoskeletal remodeling or nuclear deformation, or disturbing condensates formation via diffusion limit, and then breaking liver homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Shu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziliang Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shujin Sun
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mian Long
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (M.L.)
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Nix Z, Kota D, Ratnayake I, Wang C, Smith S, Wood S. Spectral characterization of cell surface motion for mechanistic investigations of cellular mechanobiology. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 176:3-15. [PMID: 36108781 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the specific mechanisms responsible for anabolic and catabolic responses to static or dynamic force are largely poorly understood. Because of this, most research groups studying mechanotransduction due to dynamic forces employ an empirical approach in deciding what frequencies to apply during experiments. While this has been shown to elucidate valuable information regarding how cells respond under controlled provocation, it is often difficult or impossible to determine a true optimal frequency for force application, as many intracellular complexes are involved in receiving, propagating, and responding to a given stimulus. Here we present a novel adaptation of an analytical technique from the fields of civil and mechanical engineering that may open the door to direct measurement of mechanobiological cellular frequencies which could be used to target specific cell signaling pathways leveraging synergy between outside-in and inside-out mechanotransduction approaches. This information could be useful in identifying how specific proteins are involved in the homeostatic balance, or disruption thereof, of cells and tissue, furthering the understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases across a wide variety of cell types, which may one day lead to the development of novel mechanobiological therapies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Nix
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA
| | - Divya Kota
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA
| | - Ishara Ratnayake
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA
| | - Steve Smith
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA
| | - Scott Wood
- Department of Nanoscience & Biomedical Engineering, BioSystems Networks / Translational Research (BioSNTR), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA.
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4
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Gaertner F, Reis-Rodrigues P, de Vries I, Hons M, Aguilera J, Riedl M, Leithner A, Tasciyan S, Kopf A, Merrin J, Zheden V, Kaufmann WA, Hauschild R, Sixt M. WASp triggers mechanosensitive actin patches to facilitate immune cell migration in dense tissues. Dev Cell 2022; 57:47-62.e9. [PMID: 34919802 PMCID: PMC8751638 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
When crawling through the body, leukocytes often traverse tissues that are densely packed with extracellular matrix and other cells, and this raises the question: How do leukocytes overcome compressive mechanical loads? Here, we show that the actin cortex of leukocytes is mechanoresponsive and that this responsiveness requires neither force sensing via the nucleus nor adhesive interactions with a substrate. Upon global compression of the cell body as well as local indentation of the plasma membrane, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) assembles into dot-like structures, providing activation platforms for Arp2/3 nucleated actin patches. These patches locally push against the external load, which can be obstructing collagen fibers or other cells, and thereby create space to facilitate forward locomotion. We show in vitro and in vivo that this WASp function is rate limiting for ameboid leukocyte migration in dense but not in loose environments and is required for trafficking through diverse tissues such as skin and lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gaertner
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | | | - Ingrid de Vries
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Miroslav Hons
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Aguilera
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Riedl
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Leithner
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Saren Tasciyan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Aglaja Kopf
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jack Merrin
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Vanessa Zheden
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Robert Hauschild
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Imran Alsous J, Romeo N, Jackson JA, Mason FM, Dunkel J, Martin AC. Dynamics of hydraulic and contractile wave-mediated fluid transport during Drosophila oogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019749118. [PMID: 33658367 PMCID: PMC7958293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019749118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From insects to mice, oocytes develop within cysts alongside nurse-like sister germ cells. Prior to fertilization, the nurse cells' cytoplasmic contents are transported into the oocyte, which grows as its sister cells regress and die. Although critical for fertility, the biological and physical mechanisms underlying this transport process are poorly understood. Here, we combined live imaging of germline cysts, genetic perturbations, and mathematical modeling to investigate the dynamics and mechanisms that enable directional and complete cytoplasmic transport in Drosophila melanogaster egg chambers. We discovered that during "nurse cell (NC) dumping" most cytoplasm is transported into the oocyte independently of changes in myosin-II contractility, with dynamics instead explained by an effective Young-Laplace law, suggesting hydraulic transport induced by baseline cell-surface tension. A minimal flow-network model inspired by the famous two-balloon experiment and motivated by genetic analysis of a myosin mutant correctly predicts the directionality, intercellular pattern, and time scale of transport. Long thought to trigger transport through "squeezing," changes in actomyosin contractility are required only once NC volume has become comparable to nuclear volume, in the form of surface contractile waves that drive NC dumping to completion. Our work thus demonstrates how biological and physical mechanisms cooperate to enable a critical developmental process that, until now, was thought to be mainly biochemically regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Imran Alsous
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Nicolas Romeo
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jonathan A Jackson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Frank M Mason
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jörn Dunkel
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Adam C Martin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
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Li P, Zhou J, Li W, Wu H, Hu J, Ding Q, Lü S, Pan J, Zhang C, Li N, Long M. Characterizing liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrae on soft substrates upon AFM imaging and deep learning. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129702. [PMID: 32814074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) display unique fenestrated morphology. Alterations in the size and number of fenestrae play a crucial role in the progression of various liver diseases. While their features have been visualized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the in situ imaging methods and off-line analyses are further required for fenestra quantification. METHODS Primary mouse LSECs were cultured on a collagen-I-coated culture dish, or a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogel substrate. An AFM contact mode was applied to visualize fenestrae on individual fixed LSECs. Collected images were analyzed using an in-house developed image recognition program based on fully convolutional networks (FCN). RESULTS Key scanning parameters were first optimized for visualizing the fenestrae on LSECs on culture dish, which was also applicable for the LSECs cultured on various hydrogels. The intermediate-magnification morphology images of LSECs were used for developing the FCN-based, fenestra recognition program. This program enabled us to recognize the vast majority of fenestrae from AFM images after twice trainings at a typical accuracy of 81.6% on soft substrate and also quantify the statistics of porosity, number of fenestrae and distribution of fenestra diameter. CONCLUSIONS Combining AFM imaging with FCN training is able to quantify the morphological distributions of LSEC fenestrae on various substrates. SIGNIFICANCE AFM images acquired and analyzed here provided the global information of surface ultramicroscopic structures over an entire cell, which is fundamental in understanding their regulatory mechanisms and pathophysiological relevance in fenestra-like evolution of individual cells on stiffness-varied substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China; Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wang Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jinrong Hu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qihan Ding
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Mian Long
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Cohen AE, Shi Z. Do Cell Membranes Flow Like Honey or Jiggle Like Jello? Bioessays 2019; 42:e1900142. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam E. Cohen
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and PhysicsHarvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Chevy Chase MD USA
| | - Zheng Shi
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and PhysicsHarvard University Cambridge MA USA
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