1
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Hu Y, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Zaman MF, Ge Y, Hu J, Tang X. Inhibition of esophageal cancer progression through HACE1-TRIP12 interaction and associated RAC1 ubiquitination and degradation. J Cancer 2024; 15:3114-3127. [PMID: 38706891 PMCID: PMC11064264 DOI: 10.7150/jca.93833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the significance of HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1) in esophageal cancer (ESCA) and its underlying mechanism in ESCA regulation through the induction of RAC1 ubiquitination and degradation. Methods: Characterization studies of HACE1 in ESCA clinical tissues and cell lines were performed. Next, the effects of HACE1 on the biological behavior of ESCA cells were examined by silencing and overexpressing HACE1. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involving HACE1 were analyzed using data from the String website. The function of HACE1 in RAC1 protein ubiquitination was validated using the proteasome inhibitor MG132. The effects of HACE1 on ESCA cells through RAC1 were elucidated by applying the RAC1 inhibitor EHop-016 in a tumor-bearing nude mouse model. To establish the relationship between HACE1 and TRIP12, rescue experiments were conducted, mainly to evaluate the effect of TRIP12 silencing on HACE1-mediated RAC1 regulation in vitro and in vivo. The PPI between HACE1 and TRIP12 and their subcellular localization were further characterized through co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining assays, respectively. Results: HACE1 protein expression was notably diminished in ESCA cells but upregulated in normal tissues. HACE1 overexpression inhibited the malignant biological behavior of ESCA cells, leading to restrained tumor growth in mice. This effect was coupled with the promotion of RAC1 protein ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Conversely, silencing HACE1 exhibited contrasting results. PPI existed between HACE1 and TRIP12, compounded by their similar subcellular localization. Intriguingly, TRIP12 inhibition blocked HACE1-driven RAC1 ubiquitination and mitigated the inhibitory effects of HACE1 on ESCA cells, alleviating tumor growth in the tumor-bearing nude mouse model. Conclusion: HACE1 expression was downregulated in ESCA cells, suggesting that it curbs ESCA progression by inducing RAC1 protein degradation through TRIP12-mediated ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hu
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434023
| | - Ziyi Zhu
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434023
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Department of Oncology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434020
| | - Muhammad Fakhar Zaman
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434023
| | - Yuxuan Ge
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434023
| | - Jinming Hu
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434023
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Oncology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, 434020
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2
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Ahmad M, Movileanu L. Multiplexed imaging for probing RAS-RAF interactions in living cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184173. [PMID: 37211322 PMCID: PMC10330472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
GTP-bound RAS interacts with its protein effectors in response to extracellular stimuli, leading to chemical inputs for downstream pathways. Significant progress has been made in measuring these reversible protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in various cell-free environments. Yet, acquiring high sensitivity in heterogeneous solutions remains challenging. Here, using an intermolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensing approach, we develop a method to visualize and localize HRAS-CRAF interactions in living cells. We demonstrate that the EGFR activation and the HRAS-CRAF complex formation can be concurrently probed in a single cell. This biosensing strategy discriminates EGF-stimulated HRAS-CRAF interactions at the cell and organelle membranes. In addition, we provide quantitative FRET measurements for assessing these transient PPIs in a cell-free environment. Finally, we prove the utility of this approach by showing that an EGFR-binding compound is a potent inhibitor of HRAS-CRAF interactions. The outcomes of this work form a fundamental basis for further explorations of the spatiotemporal dynamics of various signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, New York 13244-1130, USA
| | - Liviu Movileanu
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, New York 13244-1130, USA; Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; The BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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3
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Seyama R, Nishikawa M, Uchiyama Y, Hamada K, Yamamoto Y, Takeda M, Ochi T, Kishi M, Suzuki T, Hamanaka K, Fujita A, Tsuchida N, Koshimizu E, Misawa K, Miyatake S, Mizuguchi T, Makino S, Yao T, Ito H, Itakura A, Ogata K, Nagata KI, Matsumoto N. A missense variant at the RAC1-PAK1 binding site of RAC1 inactivates downstream signaling in VACTERL association. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9789. [PMID: 37328543 PMCID: PMC10275923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RAC1 at 7p22.1 encodes a RAC family small GTPase that regulates actin cytoskeleton organization and intracellular signaling pathways. Pathogenic RAC1 variants result in developmental delay and multiple anomalies. Here, exome sequencing identified a rare de novo RAC1 variant [NM_018890.4:c.118T > C p.(Tyr40His)] in a male patient. Fetal ultrasonography indicated the patient to have multiple anomalies, including persistent left superior vena cava, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, esophageal atresia, scoliosis, and right-hand polydactyly. After birth, craniofacial dysmorphism and esophagobronchial fistula were confirmed and VACTERL association was suspected. One day after birth, the patient died of respiratory failure caused by tracheal aplasia type III. The molecular mechanisms of pathogenic RAC1 variants remain largely unclear; therefore, we biochemically examined the pathophysiological significance of RAC1-p.Tyr40His by focusing on the best characterized downstream effector of RAC1, PAK1, which activates Hedgehog signaling. RAC1-p.Tyr40His interacted minimally with PAK1, and did not enable PAK1 activation. Variants in the RAC1 Switch II region consistently activate downstream signals, whereas the p.Tyr40His variant at the RAC1-PAK1 binding site and adjacent to the Switch I region may deactivate the signals. It is important to accumulate data from individuals with different RAC1 variants to gain a full understanding of their varied clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Seyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Nishikawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai, Aichi, 480-0392, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Ochi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Monami Kishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keiai Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Misawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shintaro Makino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai, Aichi, 480-0392, Japan
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai, Aichi, 480-0392, Japan.
- Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Nagoya, Japan, 466-8550.
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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Testicular germ cell tumors: Genomic alternations and RAS-dependent signaling. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 183:103928. [PMID: 36717007 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a common malignancy occurring in young adult men. The various genetic risk factors have been suggested to contribute to TGCT pathogenesis, however, they have a distinct mutational profile with a low rate of somatic point mutations, more frequent chromosomal gains, and aneuploidy. The most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancers are RAS oncogenes, while their impact on testicular carcinogenesis and refractory disease is still poorly understood. In this mini-review, we summarize current knowledge on genetic alternations of RAS signaling-associated genes (the single nucleotide polymorphisms and point mutations) in this particular cancer type and highlight their link to chemotherapy resistance mechanisms. We also mention the impact of epigenetic changes on TGCT progression. Lastly, we propose a model for RAS-dependent signaling networks, regulation, cross-talks, and outcomes in TGCTs.
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5
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Chen S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Choi T, Zhao Y. Activation Mechanism of RhoA Caused by Constitutively Activating Mutations G14V and Q63L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415458. [PMID: 36555100 PMCID: PMC9778661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA, a member of Rho GTPases, regulates myriad cellular processes. Abnormal expression of RhoA has been implicated in various diseases, including cancers, developmental disorders and bacterial infections. RhoA mutations G14V and Q63L have been reported to constitutively activate RhoA. To figure out the mechanisms, in total, 1.8 μs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed here on RhoAWT and mutants G14V and Q63L in GTP-bound forms, followed by dynamic analysis. Both mutations were found to affect the conformational dynamics of RhoA switch regions, especially switch I, shifting the whole ensemble from the wild type's open inactive state to different active-like states, where T37 and Mg2+ played important roles. In RhoAG14V, both switches underwent thorough state transition, whereas in RhoAQ63L, only switch I was sustained in a much more closed conformation with additional hydrophobic interactions introduced by L63. Moreover, significantly decreased solvent exposure of the GTP-binding site was observed in both mutants with the surrounding hydrophobic regions expanded, which furnished access to water molecules required for hydrolysis more difficult and thereby impaired GTP hydrolysis. These structural and dynamic differences first suggested the potential activation mechanism of RhoAG14V and RhoAQ63L. Together, our findings complemented the understanding of RhoA activation at the atomic level and can be utilized in the development of novel therapies for RhoA-related diseases.
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6
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Rac1 as a Target to Treat Dysfunctions and Cancer of the Bladder. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061357. [PMID: 35740379 PMCID: PMC9219850 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder pathologies, very common in the aged population, have a considerable negative impact on quality of life. Novel targets are needed to design drugs and combinations to treat diseases such as overactive bladder and bladder cancers. A promising new target is the ubiquitous Rho GTPase Rac1, frequently dysregulated and overexpressed in bladder pathologies. We have analyzed the roles of Rac1 in different bladder pathologies, including bacterial infections, diabetes-induced bladder dysfunctions and bladder cancers. The contribution of the Rac1 protein to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells and their metastasis has been analyzed. Small molecules selectively targeting Rac1 have been discovered or designed, and two of them—NSC23766 and EHT 1864—have revealed activities against bladder cancer. Their mode of interaction with Rac1, at the GTP binding site or the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) interaction site, is discussed. Our analysis underlines the possibility of targeting Rac1 with small molecules with the objective to combat bladder dysfunctions and to reduce lower urinary tract symptoms. Finally, the interest of a Rac1 inhibitor to treat advanced chemoresistance prostate cancer, while reducing the risk of associated bladder dysfunction, is discussed. There is hope for a better management of bladder pathologies via Rac1-targeted approaches.
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7
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Imran A, Moyer BS, Kalina D, Duncan TM, Moody KJ, Wolfe AJ, Cosgrove MS, Movileanu L. Convergent Alterations of a Protein Hub Produce Divergent Effects within a Binding Site. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1586-1597. [PMID: 35613319 PMCID: PMC9207812 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Progress in tumor
sequencing and cancer databases has created an
enormous amount of information that scientists struggle to sift through.
While several research groups have created computational methods to
analyze these databases, much work still remains in distinguishing
key implications of pathogenic mutations. Here, we describe an approach
to identify and evaluate somatic cancer mutations of WD40 repeat protein
5 (WDR5), a chromatin-associated protein hub. This multitasking protein
maintains the functional integrity of large multi-subunit enzymatic
complexes of the six human SET1 methyltransferases. Remarkably, the
somatic cancer mutations of WDR5 preferentially distribute within
and around an essential cavity, which hosts the WDR5 interaction (Win)
binding site. Hence, we assessed the real-time binding kinetics of
the interactions of key clustered WDR5 mutants with the Win motif
peptide ligands of the SET1 family members (SET1Win). Our
measurements highlight that this subset of mutants exhibits divergent
perturbations in the kinetics and strength of interactions not only
relative to those of the native WDR5 but also among various SET1Win ligands. These outcomes could form a fundamental basis
for future drug discovery and other developments in medical biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Imran
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, New York 13244-1130, United States
| | - Brandon S. Moyer
- Ichor Life Sciences, Inc., 2651 US Route 11, LaFayette, New York 13084, United States
| | - Dan Kalina
- Ichor Life Sciences, Inc., 2651 US Route 11, LaFayette, New York 13084, United States
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Thomas M. Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 4249 Weiskotten Hall, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Kelsey J. Moody
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, New York 13244-1130, United States
- Ichor Life Sciences, Inc., 2651 US Route 11, LaFayette, New York 13084, United States
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- Lewis School of Health Sciences, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Aaron J. Wolfe
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, New York 13244-1130, United States
- Ichor Life Sciences, Inc., 2651 US Route 11, LaFayette, New York 13084, United States
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- Lewis School of Health Sciences, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Michael S. Cosgrove
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 4249 Weiskotten Hall, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Liviu Movileanu
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, New York 13244-1130, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- The BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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Sauzeau V, Beignet J, Vergoten G, Bailly C. Overexpressed or hyperactivated Rac1 as a target to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106220. [PMID: 35405309 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite novel targeted and immunotherapies, the prognosis remains bleak for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially for advanced and/or metastatic forms. The rapid emergence of drug resistance is a major obstacle in the success of chemo-, targeted-, immuno-therapies of HCC. Novel targets are needed. The prominent roles of the small GTPase Rac1 in the development and progression of HCC are discussed here, together with its multiple protein partners, and the targeting of Rac1 with RNA-based regulators and small molecules. We discuss the oncogenic functions of Rac1 in HCC, including the contribution of Rac1 mutants and isoform Rac1b. Rac1 is a ubiquitous target, but the protein is frequently overexpressed and hyperactivated in HCC. It contributes to the aggressivity of the disease, with key roles in cancer cell proliferation, tumor metastasis and resistance to treatment. Small molecule targeting Rac1, indirectly or directly, have shown anticancer effects in HCC experimental models. Rac1-binding agents such as EHT 1864 and analogues offer novel opportunities to combat HCC. We discuss the different modalities to repress Rac1 overactivation in HCC with small molecules and the combination with reference drugs to promote cancer cell death and to repress cell invasion. We highlight the necessity to combine Rac1-targeted approach with appropriate biomarkers to select Rac1 activated tumors. Our analysis underlines the prominent oncogenic functions of Rac1 in HCC and discuss the modalities to target this small GTPase. Rac1 shall be considered as a valid target to limit the acquired and intrinsic resistance of HCC tumors and their metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Sauzeau
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.
| | - Julien Beignet
- SATT Ouest Valorisation, 30 boulevard Vincent Gâche, CS 70211, 44202 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Gérard Vergoten
- University of Lille, Inserm, INFINITE - U1286, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculté de Pharmacie, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP-83, 59006, Lille, France
| | - Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Lille, Wasquehal 59290, France.
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9
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Chen J, Zeng Q, Wang W, Hu Q, Bao H. Q61 mutant-mediated dynamics changes of the GTP-KRAS complex probed by Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics and free energy landscapes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1742-1757. [PMID: 35425180 PMCID: PMC8978876 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07936k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism of the GTP-KRAS binding is significant for improving the target roles of KRAS in cancer treatment. In this work, multiple replica Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (MR-GaMD) simulations were applied to decode the effect of Q61A, Q61H and Q61L on the activity of KRAS. Dynamics analyses based on MR-GaMD trajectory reveal that motion modes and dynamics behavior of the switch domain in KRAS are heavily affected by the three Q61 mutants. Information of free energy landscapes (FELs) shows that Q61A, Q61H and Q61L induce structural disorder of the switch domain and disturb the activity of KRAS. Analysis of the interaction network uncovers that the decrease in the stability of hydrogen bonding interactions (HBIs) of GTP with residues V29 and D30 induced by Q61A, Q61H and Q61L is responsible for the structural disorder of the switch-I and that in the occupancy of the hydrogen bond between GTP and residue G60 leads to the structural disorder of the switch-II. Thus, the high disorder of the switch domain caused by three current Q61 mutants produces a significant effect on binding of KRAS to its effectors. This work is expected to provide useful information for further understanding function and target roles of KRAS in anti-cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Chen
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University Jinan 250357 China
| | - Qingkai Zeng
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University Jinan 250357 China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University Jinan 250357 China
| | - Qingquan Hu
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University Jinan 250357 China
| | - Huayin Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 China
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10
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Zhao J, Wang L, Bao H, Chen J. Cluster analysis on conformational changes of the GDP/KRAS complex induced by A59G and D33E. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Majolée J, Podieh F, Hordijk PL, Kovačević I. The interplay of Rac1 activity, ubiquitination and GDI binding and its consequences for endothelial cell spreading. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254386. [PMID: 34252134 PMCID: PMC8274835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by the Rho GTPase Rac1 is key to the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, cell spreading and adhesion. It is widely accepted that the inactive form of Rac1 is bound by Rho GDI, which prevents Rac1 activation and Rac1-effector interactions. In addition, GDI-bound Rac1 is protected from proteasomal degradation, in line with data showing that Rac1 ubiquitination occurs exclusively when Rac1 is activated. We set out to investigate how Rac1 activity, GDI binding and ubiquitination are linked. We introduced single amino acid mutations in Rac1 which differentially altered Rac1 activity, and compared whether the level of Rac1 activity relates to Rac1 ubiquitination and GDI binding. Results show that Rac1 ubiquitination and the active Rac1 morphology is proportionally increased with Rac1 activity. Similarly, we introduced lysine-to-arginine mutations in constitutively active Rac1 to inhibit site-specific ubiquitination and analyze this effect on Rac1 signaling output and ubiquitination. These data show that the K16R mutation inhibits GTP binding, and consequently Rac1 activation, signaling and-ubiquitination, while the K147R mutation does not block Rac1 signaling, but does inhibits its ubiquitination. In both sets of mutants, no direct correlation was observed between GDI binding and Rac1 activity or -ubiquitination. Taken together, our data show that a strong, positive correlation exists between Rac1 activity and its level of ubiquitination, but also that GDI dissociation does not predispose Rac1 to ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisca Majolée
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Podieh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L. Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Kovačević
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
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12
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Liang J, Oyang L, Rao S, Han Y, Luo X, Yi P, Lin J, Xia L, Hu J, Tan S, Tang L, Pan Q, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Liao Q. Rac1, A Potential Target for Tumor Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674426. [PMID: 34079763 PMCID: PMC8165220 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac.1) is one of the important members of Rho GTPases. It is well known that Rac1 is a cytoskeleton regulation protein that regulates cell adhesion, morphology, and movement. Rac1 is highly expressed in different types of tumors, which is related to poor prognosis. Studies have shown that Rac1 not only participates in the tumor cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis, but also participates in the regulation of tumor stem cell, thus promoting the occurrence of tumors. Rac1 also plays a key role in anti-tumor therapy and participates in immune escape mediated by the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the good prospects of Rac1 inhibitors in cancer prevention and treatment are exciting. Therefore, Rac1 is considered as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of cancer. The necessity and importance of Rac1 are obvious, but it still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Rao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pin Yi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Wound Healing in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Wound Healing in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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13
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Senyuz S, Jang H, Nussinov R, Keskin O, Gursoy A. Mechanistic Differences of Activation of Rac1 P29S and Rac1 A159V. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3790-3802. [PMID: 33848152 PMCID: PMC8154616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rac1 is a small GTPase that plays key roles in actin reorganization, cell motility, and cell survival/growth as well as in various cancer types and neurodegenerative diseases. Similar to other Ras superfamily GTPases, Rac1 switches between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. Switch I and II regions open and close during GDP/GTP exchange. P29S and A159V (paralogous to K-RasA146) mutations are the two most common somatic mutations of Rac1. Rac1P29S is a known hotspot for melanoma, whereas Rac1A159V most commonly occurs in head and neck cancer. To investigate how these substitutions induce the Rac1 dynamics, we used atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on the wild-type Rac1 and two mutant systems (P29S and A159V) in the GTP bound state, and on the wild-type Rac1 and P29S mutated system in the GDP bound state. Here, we show that P29S and A159V mutations activate Rac1 with different mechanisms. In Rac1P29S-GTP, the substitution increases the flexibility of Switch I based on RMSF and dihedral angle calculations and leads to an open conformation. We propose that the open Switch I conformation is one of the underlying reasons for rapid GDP/GTP exchange of Rac1P29S. On the other hand, in Rac1A159V-GTP, some of the contacts of the guanosine ring of GTP with Rac1 are temporarily lost, enabling the guanosine ring to move toward Switch I and subsequently close the switch. Rac1A159V-GTP adopts a Ras state 2 like conformation, where both switch regions are in closed conformation and Thr35 forms a hydrogen bond with the nucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Senyuz
- Computational
Science and Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational
Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer
Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational
Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer
Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Department
of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Attila Gursoy
- Computer
Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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