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Chen G, Huang K, Sun J, Yang L. Cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma in the third trimester: a rare case report and literature review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:571. [PMID: 37563542 PMCID: PMC10413603 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma (CNECC) during pregnancy is extremely rare. Insufficient awareness of gynecological tumor screening, as well as atypical and insidious initial clinical symptoms, may result in diagnostic delays and misdiagnosis. There is no standardized treatment for cervical cancer in pregnancy. Herein, we present a case of cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy. CASE PRESENTATION A 26-year-old female at 30 1/7 weeks of gestation presented with lower back and sacroiliac joint pain, abdominal distension, and lower limb dyskinesia. A pelvic examination revealed a large fungating gray mass that encompassed the entire cervix, with cervical contact bleeding testing positive. Imaging studies showed a significant cervical mass, diffuse liver changes, and metastasis to multiple sites. Biopsy results revealed poorly differentiated cervical carcinoma exhibiting high-grade neuroendocrine features, consistent with a diagnosis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The patient was diagnosed with stage IVB CNECC with HPV18 (+), and due to the gestational age of the fetus and her deteriorating condition, she underwent cesarean section delivery after receiving fetal lung maturation therapy. Following surgery, eight cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were applied. Unfortunately, she succumbed to multiple tumor metastases six months post-treatment. Despite this tragic outcome, the infant was discharged in a healthy condition. CONCLUSIONS CNECC during pregnancy, particularly the large-cell type, is an ultra-rare condition with poor prognosis. This case highlights the importance of individualized treatment approach and the need for better screening, early detection, and treatment. Given the rarity of the disease, further research is warranted to determine the prognostic factors and develop effective treatment strategies for this ultra-rare and aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gezi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinglei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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2
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Burhan A, Elmalaika Husian N, Yahia R, Abbasher L. Locally advanced cervical cancer complicating early pregnancy: A case of multiple challenges in a limited-resource setting. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2023; 46:101154. [PMID: 36910447 PMCID: PMC9995935 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2023.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma of the cervix is the most common malignant tumor associated with pregnancy and still poses a complex management problem. Limited data are available on locally advanced cervical cancer outcomes in the first half of pregnancy and how disadvantaged young women in low- and middle-income countries are. A 34-year-old woman at 17 weeks of gestation was diagnosed with FIGO stage III-C1r cervical cancer. All available treatment options were associated with significant risks. The patient opted for pregnancy termination, followed by chemoradiation. We present the challenges that gynecologists face in low-resource settings in managing locally advanced cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Burhan
- Cervical Cancer Prevention & Research (CCPR) Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum Postal Code 13314, Sudan.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum Postal Code 11115, Sudan
| | - Nazik Elmalaika Husian
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, PO Box 382, 14415 Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Rabab Yahia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum Postal Code 13314, Sudan
| | - Liena Abbasher
- Cervical Cancer Prevention & Research (CCPR) Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum Postal Code 13314, Sudan
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3
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Huang H, Quan Y, Qi X, Liu P. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel plus cisplatin before radical surgery for locally advanced cervical cancer during pregnancy: A case series and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26845. [PMID: 34397891 PMCID: PMC8360442 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite the development of human papillomavirus vaccines and significant improvement in cervical cancer screening over the past few years, cervical cancer remains the fourth most common cancer in women of childbearing age after breast cancer, melanoma, and thyroid cancer. PATIENT CONCERNS In this case report, the patients are all cervical cancer with stage IB2 and IB3 during pregnancy, the management constitutes a major medical challenge related to the impact of treatment on both maternal and fetal outcomes. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is an innovative option for cervical cancer patients with stage IB2 and IB3 before cesarean delivery and radical hysterectomy, and many chemotherapeutic agents are available, cisplatin plus paclitaxel yielded good maternal and fetal outcomes to the authors' knowledge. DIAGNOSES Masses were discovered in the cervix of 4 pregnant women with a history of vaginal bleeding. Biopsy examination of the masses revealed cervical carcinoma, which was staged in accordance with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (i.e., FIGO) system. INTERVENTIONS The patients were treated with paclitaxel plus cisplatin, followed by cesarean delivery and radical hysterectomy. OUTCOMES The 4 patients were treated successfully, with no recurrence during follow-up periods of 14 to 56 months, and all of the children were doing well with no anomalies. LESSONS Although further data are required, in pregnant women with invasive cervical cancer, NACT with cisplatin plus paclitaxel followed by cesarean delivery and radical hysterectomy was a practical treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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4
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Villoglandular adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 304:317-327. [PMID: 34036437 PMCID: PMC8277655 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGA) of the uterine cervix has been classified as a rare subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma with good prognosis. A conservative surgical approach is considered feasible. The main risk factor is the presence of other histologic types of cancer. In this largest systematic review to date, we assess oncological outcomes associated with conservative therapy compared to those associated with invasive management in the treatment of stage Ia and Ib1 VGA. Methods Case series and case reports identified by searching the PubMed database were eligible for inclusion in this review (stage Ia–Ib1). Results A total of 271 patients were included in our literature review. 54 (20%) patients were treated by “conservative management” (conization, simple hysterectomy, and trachelectomy) and 217 (80%) by “invasive management” (radical hysterectomy ± radiation, hysterectomy, and radiation). Recurrences of disease (RODs) were found in the conservative group in two (4%) cases and in the invasive group in nine (4%) cases. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS) according to conservative or invasive treatment (p = 0.75). The histology of VGA may be complex with underlying usual adenocarcinoma (UAC) combined with VGA. Conclusion The excellent prognosis of pure VGA and the young age of the patients may justify the management of this tumor using a less radical procedure. The histological diagnosis of VGA is a challenge, and pretreatment should not be based solely on a simple punch biopsy but rather a conization with wide tumor-free margins.
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5
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Li M, Zhao Y, Qie M, Zhang Y, Li L, Lin B, Guo R, You Z, An R, Liu J, Zhang Z, Bi H, Hong Y, Chang S, He G, Hua K, Zhou Q, Liao Q, Wang Y, Wang J, Li X, Wei L. Management of Cervical Cancer in Pregnant Women: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:538815. [PMID: 33365317 PMCID: PMC7750630 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.538815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This retrospective multi-center study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, and management of patients with cervical cancer in pregnancy (CCIP) and evaluate maternal and infant outcomes. Methods: The data of patients with CCIP were retrospectively collected from those diagnosed and treated in 17 hospitals in 12 provinces in China between January 2009 and November 2017. The information retrieved included patients' age, clinical features of the tumor, medical management (during pregnancy or postpartum), obstetrical indicators (i.e., gestational age at diagnosis, delivery mode, and birth weight), and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests that estimated the overall survival of patients. Results: One-hundred and five women diagnosed with CCIP (median age = 35 years) were identified from ~45,600 cervical cancer patients (0.23%) and 525,000 pregnant women (0.020%). The median gestational age at cancer diagnosis was 20.0 weeks. The clinical-stage of 93.3% of the patients with CCIP was IB1, 81.9% visited the clinic because of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, and 72.4% had not been screened for cervical cancer in more than 5 years. To analyze cancer treatments during pregnancy, patients were grouped into two groups, termination of pregnancy (TOP, n = 67) and continuation of pregnancy (COP, n = 38). Analyses suggested that the TOP group was more likely to be diagnosed at an earlier gestational stage than the COP group (14.8 vs. 30.8 weeks, p < 0.001). The unadjusted hazard ratio for the COP group's overall survival was 1.063 times that of the TOP group (95% confidence interval = 0.24, 4.71). There were no significant differences between the TOP and COP groups in maternal survival (p = 0.964). Thirty-three of the infants of patients with CCIP were healthy at the end of the follow-up period, with a median age of 18 ± 2.8 months. Conclusions: Most patients with CCIP had not been screened for cervical cancer in over 5 years. The oncologic outcomes of the TOP and COP groups were similar. A platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen could be a favorable choice for the management of CCIP during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingrong Qie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youzhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Longyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nan Chang, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhixue You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruifang An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'An Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shufang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoli He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinping Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Reed N, Balega J, Barwick T, Buckley L, Burton K, Eminowicz G, Forrest J, Ganesan R, Harrand R, Holland C, Howe T, Ind T, Iyer R, Kaushik S, Music R, Sadozye A, Shanbhag S, Siddiqui N, Syed S, Percival N, Whitham NL, Nordin A, Fotopoulou C. British Gynaecological Cancer Society (BGCS) cervical cancer guidelines: Recommendations for practice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 256:433-465. [PMID: 33143928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cervix cancer in many countries is declining and screening programmes and immunisation will reduce the incidence in the next few decades. This guideline attempts to cover management of invasive disease reflecting diagnosis and imaging including new imaging and sentinel lymph node biopsies. Smaller volume disease is usually managed surgically whereas advanced disease is treated with (chemo)- radiation. It also includes discussion of fertility sparing procedures. Practices are changing frequently for all aspects of care usually in attempts to reduce complications and improve quality of life. The management of advanced disease is treated by chemotherapy and the use of newer agents is also discussed. Other sections discuss specialist situations such as cancer in pregnancy, rare cervical tumours, late effects and supportive measures and fertility preserving approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Reed
- Beatson Oncology Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Lynn Buckley
- Clinical Nurse Specialist, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Ind
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rema Iyer
- East Kent Hospitals University Foundation NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Music
- Jo's Cervical Cancer Trustt, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Smruta Shanbhag
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sheeba Syed
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Natasha Lauren Whitham
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals (Royal Preston Hospital, Fulwood, Lancashire), United Kingdom
| | - Andy Nordin
- East Kent Gynaecological Oncology Centre, East Kent Hospitals University Foundation Nhs Trust, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital, Margate, United Kingdom
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7
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Wong JW, Sperling MM, Harvey SA, Killeen JL, Carney ME. A fight-and-flight for life: A rare case of advanced cervical cancer in pregnancy. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2020; 32:100565. [PMID: 32300631 PMCID: PMC7152695 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2020.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced cervical cancer during pregnancy is an extremely rare event. We describe a case of at least stage IIIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma during pregnancy. This may possibly represent the longest gestation from time of diagnosis to delivery in a case of advanced cervical cancer, with potentially the most advanced gestational age at delivery and a relatively favorable outcome in the current literature.Case: A 29-year-old female at 20 0/7 weeks of gestation with at least stage IIIB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix flew from Micronesia to Hawaii for oncologic treatment. After consultation with gynecologic oncology and maternal-fetal medicine, she opted to continue the pregnancy and began neoadjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. At 33 2/7 weeks of gestation, she was admitted for preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and immediately underwent a cesarean delivery for heavy vaginal bleeding. Postpartum, she underwent cisplatin chemotherapy with concurrent radiation therapy. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, the patient's cancer had progressed to the point that hospice was recommended. She died 11 months after initial presentation. CONCLUSION Advanced cervical cancer during pregnancy requires individualized treatment, shared decision making, and a multidisciplinary team approach. If the pregnancy is continued, antepartum chemotherapy should be strongly considered. Maternal prognoses tend to be poor, but neonatal outcomes appear to be favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W.H. Wong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Meryl M. Sperling
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Scott A. Harvey
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Killeen
- Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Michael E. Carney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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8
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Puchar A, Boudy AS, Selleret L, Arfi A, Owen C, Bendifallah S, Darai E. Invasive and in situ cervical cancer associated with pregnancy: analysis from the French cancer network (CALG: Cancer Associé à La Grossesse). Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:2002-2008. [PMID: 32240504 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the oncologic and obstetric outcomes of patients diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and in situ adenocarcinoma (ISA) during pregnancy or during the year following delivery. METHODS This retrospective observational study involved a cohort of 28 patients diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer (20 patients) or in situ adenocarcinoma (eight patients) during pregnancy or during the year following delivery who received expert opinion from physicians of the Cancer Associé à La Grossesse (CALG) network between 2005 and 2018. Descriptive results were expressed in median, range and interquartile range (IQR). RESULTS Between 2005 and 2018, 20 patients with ICC and eight with ISA received expert opinion from physicians of the CALG network. Both ICC and ISA were mostly diagnosed during pregnancy with a median term at diagnosis of 23.3 weeks of gestation (WG) for ICC and 7.3 WG for ISA. Overall, the median age at diagnosis for both ICC and ISA was 33 years. Most ICCs (n = 9) had FIGO stage ≥ IB2 and five underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy at a median term of 22.5 WG. Seventeen patients with ICC underwent surgery. Three patients had medical termination of the pregnancy. Two patients experienced recurrence and three died. Median time of follow-up was 59.3 months (IQR 30.5-129.2). CONCLUSION Management of cervical cancer during pregnancy is challenging especially in terms of maternal outcomes with a relative poor prognosis requiring a multidisciplinary expert advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Puchar
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tenon University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Paris, France. .,Centre CALG (Cancer Associé à La Grossesse), Paris, France.
| | - A S Boudy
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tenon University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Paris, France.,Centre CALG (Cancer Associé à La Grossesse), Paris, France
| | - L Selleret
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tenon University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Paris, France.,Centre CALG (Cancer Associé à La Grossesse), Paris, France
| | - A Arfi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tenon University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Paris, France.,Centre CALG (Cancer Associé à La Grossesse), Paris, France
| | - C Owen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tenon University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Paris, France.,Centre CALG (Cancer Associé à La Grossesse), Paris, France
| | - S Bendifallah
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tenon University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Paris, France.,Centre CALG (Cancer Associé à La Grossesse), Paris, France.,UMRS-938 4, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - E Darai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tenon University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Paris, France.,Centre CALG (Cancer Associé à La Grossesse), Paris, France.,UMRS-938 4, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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10
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Perrone AM, Bovicelli A, D'Andrilli G, Borghese G, Giordano A, De Iaco P. Cervical cancer in pregnancy: Analysis of the literature and innovative approaches. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14975-14990. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Myriam Perrone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of Oncologic Gynecology, S. Orsola‐Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandro Bovicelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of Oncologic Gynecology, S. Orsola‐Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Giuseppina D'Andrilli
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Giulia Borghese
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of Oncologic Gynecology, S. Orsola‐Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology University of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of Oncologic Gynecology, S. Orsola‐Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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11
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Capriglione S, Manzano A, Gulino FA, Lopez S. Management of gynecological cancer in pregnant patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:133-145. [PMID: 30318875 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.18.04324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer during pregnancy is a rare but challenging condition. More women delay childbearing and consequently the incidence of cancer during pregnancy is constantly increasing. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION An extensive electronic search was performed in PubMed and Scopus. Only studies written after 1985 were considered eligible for this review. Abstracts, conference papers, book chapters, animal studies, commentaries as well as editorials articles were excluded from this review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Cancer treatment during pregnancy is possible, but both maternal and fetal conditions need to be preserved. Randomized clinical trials are not feasible and current evidence are mainly based on case-series, small case reports and expert opinion. Cervical and ovarian cancers are the most common gynecological cancers diagnosed during pregnancy. Surgery and chemotherapy after the first trimester seem to be relatively safe for the newborn. Platinum-based chemotherapy administered during the 2nd-3rd trimester showed comparable adverse effects in newborns to those in the general population. Babies exposed to antenatal chemotherapy might be more likely to develop small for gestational age and NICU admission, than babies not exposed. CONCLUSIONS Management of pregnant women with cancer should be performed in specialized cancer centers and all cases should be discussed with a multidisciplinary approach. In the present review, we discuss the current recommendations for the management of pregnancies complicated by cancer and neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Capriglione
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Social Security, Borgo Maggiore, San Marino
| | - Aranzazu Manzano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Salvatore Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA - .,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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12
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Iavazzo C, Minis EE, Gkegkes ID. Current management of gynecologic cancer in pregnancy. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2018; 19:104-110. [PMID: 29699959 PMCID: PMC5994818 DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.2018.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer during pregnancy is a particularly challenging complication. The incidence has increased in recent years due to childbearing at advanced maternal ages due to career choices and/or the development of reproductive technology. Approximately two thirds of cancer cases during pregnancy comprise invasive cervical cancers and breast cancer. Cancer during gestation is characterized by a need for specialized treatment due to major changes in the hormonal profile (estrogen-progesterone), metabolism (enhancement of anabolism), hemodynamic changes (hyperdynamic circulation), immunologic changes (cell-mediated and humoral immunity), and increased angiogenesis (increased blood flow towards the uterus). Moreover, the management of such patients is based on the trimester of pregnancy, type and stage of cancer, and informed consent of the mother based on her wishes. The optimal treatment of cancer during pregnancy remains elusive because there are limited data from retrospective studies with small samples. As a result, it is crucial that data regarding survival of the women and long-term follow-up of the children from different cancer centers and registries are shared. This need is dictated by the fact that the incidence of cancer during pregnancy will continue to rise as child-bearing age continues to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Iavazzo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis D Gkegkes
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Attica “KAT”, Athens, Greece
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Ricci C, Scambia G, De Vincenzo R. Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer in Pregnancy: Overcoming the Challenge. A Case Series and Review of the Literature. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 26:1490-6. [PMID: 27575627 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological cancer occurring in pregnancy, creating a complex situation both for patient and physician. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an innovative way of managing cervical cancer in pregnancy. METHODS In our paper, we report a retrospective case series of 4 women treated with chemotherapy for invasive cervical cancer during pregnancy in our center over the last 5 years, and we summarize the available literature and guidelines. RESULTS All the cases were locally advanced cervical cancers that received chemotherapy with platinum and/or taxanes. All patients showed a good response to chemotherapy and a radical surgery was performed with no additional morbidities at the cesarean delivery time in 3 of 4 cases. Three of 4 patients are alive and have a good outcome with no recurrence of disease up to date. One patient died because of recurrent disease 2 years after the first-line treatment during pregnancy. All babies are alive and well up to date (maximum follow-up, 63 months). CONCLUSIONS Even if there are no standardized practices in the treatment of cervical cancer in pregnancy, in our opinion, neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be a very useful strategy for patients and physicians facing the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ricci
- Polo Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli," Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Bigelow CA, Horowitz NS, Goodman A, Growdon WB, Del Carmen M, Kaimal AJ. Management and outcome of cervical cancer diagnosed in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 216:276.e1-276.e6. [PMID: 27810552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Approximately 1-3% of cervical cancers will be diagnosed in pregnant and peripartum women; optimal management in the setting of pregnancy is not always clear. OBJECTIVE We sought to describe the management of patients with cervical cancer diagnosed in pregnancy and compare their outcomes to nonpregnant women with similar baseline characteristics. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with cervical cancer in pregnancy and matched them 1:2 with contemporaneous nonpregnant women of the same age diagnosed with cervical cancer of the same stage. Patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes and the Dana-Farber/Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Registry. Data were analyzed using Stata, Version 10.1 (College Station, TX). RESULTS In all, 28 women diagnosed with cervical cancer during pregnancy were identified from 1997 through 2013. The majority were Stage IB1. In all, 25% (7/28) of women terminated the pregnancy; these women were more likely to be diagnosed earlier in pregnancy (10.9 vs 19.7 weeks, P = .006). For those who did not terminate, mean gestational age at delivery was 36.1 weeks. Pregnancy complications were uncommon. Complication rates in pregnant women undergoing radical hysterectomy were similar to those outside of pregnancy. Time to treatment was significantly longer for pregnant women compared to nonpregnant patients (20.8 vs 7.9 weeks, P = .0014) but there was no survival difference between groups (89.3% vs 95.2%, P = .08). Women who underwent gravid radical hysterectomy had significantly higher estimated blood loss than those who had a radical hysterectomy in the postpartum period (2033 vs 425 mL, P = .0064), but operative characteristics were otherwise similar. None of the pregnant women who died delayed treatment due to pregnancy. CONCLUSION Gestational age at diagnosis is an important determinant of management of cervical cancer in pregnancy, underscoring the need for expeditious workup of abnormal cervical cytology. Of women who choose to continue the pregnancy, most delivered in the late preterm period without significant obstetric complications. For women undergoing radical hysterectomy in the peripartum period, complication rates are similar to nonpregnant women undergoing this procedure. Women who died were more likely to have advanced stage disease at the time of diagnosis. This information may be useful in counseling women facing the diagnosis of cervical cancer in pregnancy.
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