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Yamamoto N, Kuki I, Nagase S, Inoue T, Nukui M, Okazaki S, Furuichi Y, Adachi K, Nanba E, Sakai N, Kawawaki H. Reply to the letter: "A case of infantile Tay-Sachs disease with late onset spasms". Brain Dev 2021; 43:977-978. [PMID: 34429217 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Yamamoto
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Kuki
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuka Nagase
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Megumi Nukui
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Okazaki
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Furuichi
- Department of Pediatrics, Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Adachi
- Research Initiative Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Eiji Nanba
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Division of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawawaki
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Serum Cytokine Profile, Beta-Hexosaminidase A Enzymatic Activity and GM 2 Ganglioside Levels in the Plasma of a Tay-Sachs Disease Patient after Cord Blood Cell Transplantation and Curcumin Administration: A Case Report. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101007. [PMID: 34685379 PMCID: PMC8539434 DOI: 10.3390/life11101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that occurs due to a deficiency of a β hexosaminidase A (HexA) enzyme, resulting in the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides. In this work, we analyzed the effect of umbilical cord blood cell transplantation (UCBCT) and curcumin administration on the course of the disease in a patient with adult TSD. The patient’s serum cytokine profile was determined using multiplex analysis. The level of GM2 gangliosides in plasma was determined using mass spectrometry. The enzymatic activity of HexA in the plasma of the patient was assessed using a fluorescent substrate assay. The HexA α-subunit (HexA) concentration was determined using ELISA. It was shown that both UCBCT and curcumin administration led to a change in the patient’s cytokine profile. The UCBCT resulted in an increase in the concentration of HexA in the patient’s serum and in an improvement in the patient’s neurological status. However, neither UCBCT nor curcumin were able to alter HexA activity and the level of GM2 in patient’s plasma. The data obtained indicate that UCBCT and curcumin administration can alter the immunity of a patient with TSD, reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines and thereby improve the patient’s condition.
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Belarbi K, Cuvelier E, Bonte MA, Desplanque M, Gressier B, Devos D, Chartier-Harlin MC. Glycosphingolipids and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:59. [PMID: 33069254 PMCID: PMC7568394 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway and the formation of neuronal inclusions known as Lewy bodies. Chronic neuroinflammation, another hallmark of the disease, is thought to play an important role in the neurodegenerative process. Glycosphingolipids are a well-defined subclass of lipids that regulate crucial aspects of the brain function and recently emerged as potent regulators of the inflammatory process. Deregulation in glycosphingolipid metabolism has been reported in Parkinson's disease. However, the interrelationship between glycosphingolipids and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease is not well known. This review provides a thorough overview of the links between glycosphingolipid metabolism and immune-mediated mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. After a brief presentation of the metabolism and function of glycosphingolipids in the brain, it summarizes the evidences supporting that glycosphingolipids (i.e. glucosylceramides or specific gangliosides) are deregulated in Parkinson's disease. Then, the implications of these deregulations for neuroinflammation, based on data from human inherited lysosomal glycosphingolipid storage disorders and gene-engineered animal studies are outlined. Finally, the key molecular mechanisms by which glycosphingolipids could control neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease are highlighted. These include inflammasome activation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered calcium homeostasis, changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability, recruitment of peripheral immune cells or production of autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Belarbi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
- Département de Pharmacologie de la Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Elodie Cuvelier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
- Département de Pharmacologie de la Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Amandine Bonte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
| | - Mazarine Desplanque
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
- Département de Pharmacologie de la Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bernard Gressier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
- Département de Pharmacologie de la Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - David Devos
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 1 Place de Verdun, 59006 Lille, France
- Département de Pharmacologie Médicale, I-SITE ULNE, LiCEND, Lille, France
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Demir SA, Timur ZK, Ateş N, Martínez LA, Seyrantepe V. GM2 ganglioside accumulation causes neuroinflammation and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of early onset Tay-Sachs disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:277. [PMID: 32951593 PMCID: PMC7504627 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a type of GM2-gangliosidosis, is a progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the α subunit of the lysosomal β-hexosaminidase enzyme. This disease is characterized by excessive accumulation of GM2 ganglioside, predominantly in the central nervous system. Although Tay-Sachs patients appear normal at birth, the progressive accumulation of undegraded GM2 gangliosides in neurons leads to death. Recently, an early onset Tay-Sachs disease mouse model, with genotype Hexa−/−Neu3−/−, was generated. Progressive accumulation of GM2 led to premature death of the double KO mice. Importantly, this double-deficient mouse model displays typical features of Tay-Sachs patients, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization of nerve cells, deterioration of Purkinje cells, neuronal death, deceleration in movement, ataxia, and tremors. GM2-gangliosidosis is characterized by acute neurodegeneration preceded by activated microglia expansion, macrophage, and astrocyte activation, along with the production of inflammatory mediators. However, the mechanism of disease progression in Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice, relevant to neuroinflammation is poorly understood. Method In this study, we investigated the onset and progression of neuroinflammatory changes in the cortex, cerebellum, and retina of Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice and control littermates by using a combination of molecular genetics and immunochemical procedures. Results We found elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine transcripts, such as Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, and Cxcl10 and also extensive microglial and astrocyte activation and proliferation, accompanied by peripheral blood mononuclear cell infiltration in the vicinity of neurons and oligodendrocytes. Behavioral tests demonstrated a high level of anxiety, and age-dependent loss in both spatial learning and fear memory in Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice compared with that in the controls. Conclusion Altogether, our data suggest that Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice display a phenotype similar to Tay-Sachs patients suffering from chronic neuroinflammation triggered by GM2 accumulation. Furthermore, our work contributes to better understanding of the neuropathology in a mouse model of early onset Tay-Sachs disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Akyıldız Demir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zehra Kevser Timur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nurselin Ateş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Luis Alarcón Martínez
- Institute of Neurological Science and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Volkan Seyrantepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
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Abstract
Introduction: Lysosomal storage disease is caused by the deficiency of a single hydrolase (lysosomal enzymes). GM2 gangliosidoses are autosomal recessive disorders caused by deficiency of β-hexosaminidase and Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is one of its three forms.Objective: To perform a review of the state of the art on TSD describing its definition, epidemiology, etiology, physiopathology, clinical manifestations and news in diagnosis and treatment.Materials and methods: A literature search was carried out in PubMed using the MeSH terms “Tay-Sachs Disease”.Results: 1 233 results were retrieved in total, of which 53 articles were selected. TSD is caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase A (HexA), and is characterized by neurodevelopmental regression, hypotonia, hyperacusis and cherry-red spots in the macula. Research on molecular pathogenesis and the development of possible treatments has been limited, consequently there is no treatment established to date.Conclusion: TSD is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. Death usually occurs before the age of five. More research and studies on this type of gangliosidosis are needed in order to find an adequate treatment.
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Solovyeva VV, Shaimardanova AA, Chulpanova DS, Kitaeva KV, Chakrabarti L, Rizvanov AA. New Approaches to Tay-Sachs Disease Therapy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1663. [PMID: 30524313 PMCID: PMC6256099 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease belongs to the group of autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage metabolic disorders. This disease is caused by β-hexosaminidase A (HexA) enzyme deficiency due to various mutations in α-subunit gene of this enzyme, resulting in GM2 ganglioside accumulation predominantly in lysosomes of nerve cells. Tay-Sachs disease is characterized by acute neurodegeneration preceded by activated microglia expansion, macrophage and astrocyte activation along with inflammatory mediator production. In most cases, the disease manifests itself during infancy, the “infantile form,” which characterizes the most severe disorders of the nervous system. The juvenile form, the symptoms of which appear in adolescence, and the most rare form with late onset of symptoms in adulthood are also described. The typical features of Tay-Sachs disease are muscle weakness, ataxia, speech, and mental disorders. Clinical symptom severity depends on residual HexA enzymatic activity associated with some mutations. Currently, Tay-Sachs disease treatment is based on symptom relief and, in case of the late-onset form, on the delay of progression. There are also clinical reports of substrate reduction therapy using miglustat and bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. At the development stage there are methods of Tay-Sachs disease gene therapy using adeno- or adeno-associated viruses as vectors for the delivery of cDNA encoding α and β HexA subunit genes. Effectiveness of this approach is evaluated in α or β HexA subunit defective model mice or Jacob sheep, in which Tay-Sachs disease arises spontaneously and is characterized by the same pathological features as in humans. This review discusses the possibilities of new therapeutic strategies in Tay-Sachs disease therapy aimed at preventing neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya V Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alisa A Shaimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Daria S Chulpanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kristina V Kitaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Lisa Chakrabarti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Jauhari P, Goswami JN, Sankhyan N, Singh P, Singhi P. Unusual Neuroimaging Finding in Infantile Tay-Sach's Disease. Indian J Pediatr 2018; 85:158-159. [PMID: 28766053 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Jauhari
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotindra Narayan Goswami
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Naveen Sankhyan
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Paramjeet Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pratibha Singhi
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Bradbury AM, Peterson TA, Gross AL, Wells SZ, McCurdy VJ, Wolfe KG, Dennis JC, Brunson BL, Gray-Edwards H, Randle AN, Johnson AK, Morrison EE, Cox NR, Baker HJ, Sena-Esteves M, Martin DR. AAV-mediated gene delivery attenuates neuroinflammation in feline Sandhoff disease. Neuroscience 2016; 340:117-125. [PMID: 27793778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the absence of hydrolytic enzyme β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (Hex), which results in storage of GM2 ganglioside in neurons and unremitting neurodegeneration. Neuron loss initially affects fine motor skills, but rapidly progresses to loss of all body faculties, a vegetative state, and death by five years of age in humans. A well-established feline model of SD allows characterization of the disease in a large animal model and provides a means to test the safety and efficacy of therapeutic interventions before initiating clinical trials. In this study, we demonstrate a robust central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response in feline SD, primarily marked by expansion and activation of the microglial cell population. Quantification of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) labeling revealed significant up-regulation throughout the CNS with areas rich in white matter most severely affected. Expression of the leukocyte chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) was also up-regulated in the brain. SD cats were treated with intracranial delivery of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors expressing feline Hex, with a study endpoint 16weeks post treatment. AAV-mediated gene delivery repressed the expansion and activation of microglia and normalized MHC-II and MIP-1α levels. These data reiterate the profound inflammatory response in SD and show that neuroinflammation is abrogated after AAV-mediated restoration of enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Bradbury
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Tiffany A Peterson
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Amanda L Gross
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Z Wells
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Victoria J McCurdy
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Karen G Wolfe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - John C Dennis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Brandon L Brunson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Heather Gray-Edwards
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ashley N Randle
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Aime K Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Edward E Morrison
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nancy R Cox
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Henry J Baker
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Köberlin MS, Heinz LX, Superti-Furga G. Functional crosstalk between membrane lipids and TLR biology. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 39:28-36. [PMID: 26895312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important transmembrane proteins of the innate immune system that detect invading pathogens and subsequently orchestrate an immune response. The ensuing inflammatory processes are connected to lipid metabolism at multiple levels. Here, we describe different aspects of how membrane lipids can shape the response of TLRs. Recent reports have uncovered the role of individual lipid species on membrane protein function and mouse models have contributed to the understanding of how changes in lipid metabolism alter TLR signaling, endocytosis, and cytokine secretion. Finally, we discuss the importance of systematic approaches to identify the function of individual lipid species or the composition of membrane lipids in TLR-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle S Köberlin
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Bosch ME, Kielian T. Neuroinflammatory paradigms in lysosomal storage diseases. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:417. [PMID: 26578874 PMCID: PMC4627351 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) include approximately 70 distinct disorders that collectively account for 14% of all inherited metabolic diseases. LSDs are caused by mutations in various enzymes/proteins that disrupt lysosomal function, which impairs macromolecule degradation following endosome-lysosome and phagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagy, ultimately disrupting cellular homeostasis. LSDs are pathologically typified by lysosomal inclusions composed of a heterogeneous mixture of various proteins and lipids that can be found throughout the body. However, in many cases the CNS is dramatically affected, which may result from heightened neuronal vulnerability based on their post-mitotic state. Besides intrinsic neuronal defects, another emerging factor common to many LSDs is neuroinflammation, which may negatively impact neuronal survival and contribute to neurodegeneration. Microglial and astrocyte activation is a hallmark of many LSDs that affect the CNS, which often precedes and predicts regions where eventual neuron loss will occur. However, the timing, intensity, and duration of neuroinflammation may ultimately dictate the impact on CNS homeostasis. For example, a transient inflammatory response following CNS insult/injury can be neuroprotective, as glial cells attempt to remove the insult and provide trophic support to neurons. However, chronic inflammation, as seen in several LSDs, can promote neurodegeneration by creating a neurotoxic environment due to elevated levels of cytokines, chemokines, and pro-apoptotic molecules. Although neuroinflammation has been reported in several LSDs, the cellular basis and mechanisms responsible for eliciting neuroinflammatory pathways are just beginning to be defined. This review highlights the role of neuroinflammation in select LSDs and its potential contribution to neuron loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Bosch
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA
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Seyfried TN, Rockwell HE, Heinecke KA, Martin DR, Sena-Esteves M. Ganglioside storage diseases: on the road to management. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:485-99. [PMID: 25151393 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the biochemical and genetic basis for the GM1 and GM2 gangliosidoses has been known for decades, effective therapies for these diseases remain in early stages of development. The difficulty with many therapeutic strategies for treating the gangliosidoses comes largely from their inability to remove stored ganglioside once it accumulates in central nervous system (CNS) neurons and glia. This chapter highlights advances made using substrate reduction therapy and gene therapy in reducing CNS ganglioside storage. Information obtained from mouse and feline models provides insight on therapeutic strategies that could be effective in human clinical trials. In addition, information is presented showing how a calorie-restricted diet might facilitate therapeutic drug delivery to the CNS. The development of multiple new therapeutic approaches offers hope that longer-term management of these diseases can be achieved. It is also clear that multiple therapeutic strategies will likely be needed to provide the most complete management.
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Glicksman S, Borgen C, Blackstein M, Gordon A, Hanon I, Kusin D, Leibowitz B, Halle J. A thematic review of scientific and family interests in Canavan Disease: where are the developmentalists? JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2013; 57:815-825. [PMID: 22676184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canavan Disease is a degenerative neurological condition resulting in a spongy deterioration of the brain. Much research has been conducted by the medical community regarding this condition, but little research can be found in the psychological literature. METHOD A review of the scientific literature related to Canavan Disease using the Psychinfo and PubMed databases was conducted covering a 5-year span from 2006 through 2011. Concurrently, a review of parent initiated topics found on the most popular Canavan Disease Internet discussion board was conducted for comparison purposes. RESULTS When comparing the topics discussed and information sought among parents with the themes noted in the extant scientific literature, researchers found an exceedingly small overlap between the two communities of interest. In the scientific literature, published research on Canavan Disease focused on three areas: the biochemistry of Canavan Disease, diagnosis and genetic counselling, and clinical therapeutic approaches in Canavan Disease. Of the 42 unique topics raised on a popular Internet discussion board, however, only three (7%) fell into the category of diagnosis and genetic counselling, none (0%) fell into the category of the biochemistry of Canavan Disease, and four fell into the category of clinical therapeutic approaches in Canavan Disease (10%). Of the four posts addressing clinical therapeutic approaches to Canavan Disease, only one post truly overlapped with the topics addressed by the scientific community. Worded differently, while these three categories comprise 100% of the extant scientific literature regarding Canavan Disease, they comprise only 17% of the parent-raised topics. The remaining 83% of parent-raised topics addressed concerns not currently being focusing upon by the scientific community, namely, non-medical practical issues, information regarding specific characteristics of Canavan Disease, non-medical developmental and quality of life issues, and day-to-day developmental and medical concerns. CONCLUSION By comparing the extant literature on Canavan Disease with the topics of interest raised by parents and caregivers, it seems clear that there is a significant 'underlap' of topics raised by these two communities of interest, one that may reflect a lack of sensitivity on the part of the scientific community to meet the needs of this population of knowledge seekers. It is the suggestion of these authors that developmental psychology may be the appropriate scientific field within which to address this need and fill this gap in the current literature.
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Regulatory Mechanisms of Nervous Systems with Glycosphingolipids. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1578-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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