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Yamaguchi K, Yazawa T. Development of the human medullary arcuate nucleus from mid-gestation to the perinatal period: A morphometric study. Neurosci Lett 2024; 818:137537. [PMID: 37898180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development of the human medullary arcuate nucleus (AN) has not been sufficiently investigated. The present study provides morphometric data by examining the brains from preterm and perinatal infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine brains were obtained from infants aged 21-43 postmenstrual weeks (PW). Serial celloidin sections were cut and stained using the Klüver-Barrera method. After microscopic observations, morphometric parameters [AN volume, numerical density (Nv) and total number (Nt) of neurons, and neuronal profile area (PA)] were analyzed. RESULTS The AN was found as a pair of neuronal masses on the ventral medullary surface at 21 PW. Caudally, it was ventrolateral to the pyramidal tract (PT), and rostrally, medial to the PT. In the middle, it was diminished in size or interrupted. The AN neurons were gradually enlarged with age, showing multiplicity in size and shape. The following findings had a marked asymmetry and individual variability: (1) complete or partial inclusion of the AN in the PT; (2) connection between the rostral AN and the pontine nuclei; (3) coexistence of pyknotic neurons. The AN volume increased exponentially with age, while the Nv decreased exponentially. The Nt changed along two phases (decrease-increase) after mid-gestation. The mean PA increased linearly with age. Asymmetry and/or individual variability were demonstrated in the AN volume, Nt, and mean PA. CONCLUSIONS Asymmetry and individual variability in the AN morphology are present in fetal period. The AN may undergo neuron death and neuroblasts production in tandem after mid-gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yazawa
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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Development of the human perihypoglossal nuclei from mid-gestation to the perinatal period: A morphological study. Neurosci Lett 2022; 782:136696. [PMID: 35623495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morphological data on the development of the human perihypoglossal nuclei (PHN) are scarce. This study describes the morphology of the human PHN from mid-gestation to the perinatal period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten brains were collected from infants aged 21-43 postmenstrual weeks (PW). Serial sections were cut and stained using the Klüver-Barrera method. Morphometric parameters [volume, neuronal numerical density (Nv) and total number (Nt), and neuronal profile area (PA)] were analyzed from microscopic observations. RESULTS Four PHN [nucleus of Roller (RO), interfascicular nucleus (IF), intercalated nucleus (IC), and prepositus nucleus (PR)] were identified at 21 PW. Medium-sized to large, oval, or polygonal neurons were concentrated in the ventral nuclei (RO and IF) and localized regions near the IC-PR transition of the dorsal nuclei (IC and PR). Small to large neurons of various shapes were scattered across the dorsal nuclei. The PR showed rostrocaudal differences in the neuronal cytoarchitecture. The volume of each nucleus increased between 21 and 43 PW, with a typical exponential increase for the dorsal nuclei. The Nv in each nucleus exponentially decreased, whereas the Nt was almost stable. The median PA linearly increased for every nucleus, and the increasing rates were greater for the ventral nuclei than those for the dorsal nuclei. CONCLUSIONS The dorsal and ventral PHN are identifiable at mid-gestation. The topographic relationships of the four nuclei are conserved until the perinatal period. The characteristic neuronal cytoarchitecture of each group is rapidly formed by 28-30 PW.
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Gaca PJ, Lewandowicz M, Lipczynska-Lewandowska M, Simon M, Matos PAW, Doulis A, Rokohl AC, Heindl LM. Embryonic Development of the Orbit. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239:19-26. [PMID: 35120374 DOI: 10.1055/a-1709-1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic and fetal development of the orbit comprises a series of sequential events, starting with the fertilization of the ovum and extending until birth. Most of the publications dealing with orbital morphogenesis describe the sequential development of each germinal layer, the ectoderm with its neuroectoderm derivative and the mesoderm. This approach provides a clear understanding of the mode of development of each layer but does not give the reader a general picture of the structure of the orbit within any specified time frame. In order to enhance our understanding of the developmental anatomy of the orbit, the authors have summarized the recent developments in orbital morphogenesis, a temporally precise and morphogenetically intricate process. Understanding this multidimensional process of development in prenatal life, identifying and linking signaling cascades, as well as the regulatory genes linked to existing diseases, may pave the way for advanced molecular diagnostic testing, developing minimally invasive interventions, and the use of progenitor/stem cell and even regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jakub Gaca
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Lewandowicz
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Multidisciplinary M. Copernicus Voivodeship Center for Oncology and Traumatology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Lipczynska-Lewandowska
- Clinic and Policlinic of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael Simon
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen - Bonn - Cologne, Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philomena A Wawer Matos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandros Doulis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen - Bonn - Cologne, Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
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Yamaguchi K. Development of the human hypoglossal nucleus from mid-gestation to the perinatal period: A morphological study. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136154. [PMID: 34358626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human hypoglossal nucleus (nXII) was morphologically examined from mid-gestation to the perinatal period. MATERIALS/METHODS Serial brain sections from 6 preterm and 4 perinatal infants aged 21-43 postmenstrual weeks (PW) were stained with the Klüver-Barrera method. Following microscopic observation, morphometric parameters (volume, neuronal number, and neuronal profile area [PA]) were analysed. RESULTS Two types of neurons, motor and non-motor neurons, were observed at 21 PW. The motor neurons were distributed into clusters, which were not completely separated. The non-motor neurons were dispersed among the motor neurons. Myelination of the hypoglossal nerve roots was noted at 21 PW, when degenerated neurons were sporadically encountered. To a lesser extent, they were seen until 35 PW. The nXII volume increased exponentially with age. Conversely, the neuronal numerical density decreased exponentially, while the total number remained relatively stable. The neuronal PA increased gradually, with a greater rate of increase measured in the caudal part. CONCLUSIONS In the human nXII, motor and non-motor neurons are distinguishable from mid-gestation. Then, while the nXII expands exponentially in volume, the two types of neurons change in number and PA almost in parallel during the second half of gestation. Natural neuronal death may also occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
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Zhang M, Desrosiers C, Guo Y, Khundrakpam B, Al-Sharif N, Kiar G, Valdes-Sosa P, Poline JB, Evans A. Brain status modeling with non-negative projective dictionary learning. Neuroimage 2020; 206:116226. [PMID: 31593792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of individuals' brain age is critical to establish a baseline for normal brain development. This study proposes to model brain development with a novel non-negative projective dictionary learning (NPDL) approach, which learns a discriminative representation of multi-modal neuroimaging data for predicting brain age. Our approach encodes the variability of subjects in different age groups using separate dictionaries, projecting features into a low-dimensional manifold such that information is preserved only for the corresponding age group. The proposed framework improves upon previous discriminative dictionary learning methods by incorporating orthogonality and non-negativity constraints, which remove representation redundancy and perform implicit feature selection. We study brain development on multi-modal brain imaging data from the PING dataset (N = 841, age = 3-21 years). The proposed analysis uses our NDPL framework to predict the age of subjects based on cortical measures from T1-weighted MRI and connectome from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). We also investigate the association between age prediction and cognition, and study the influence of gender on prediction accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of NDPL for modeling brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Zhang
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Christian Desrosiers
- Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie supérieure (ETS), Montreal, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Yuhong Guo
- School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Canada
| | | | - Noor Al-Sharif
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Greg Kiar
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Pedro Valdes-Sosa
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China/ Cuban Neuroscience Center, China
| | | | - Alan Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE To review the recent data about orbital development and sort out the controversies from the very early stages during embryonic life till final maturation of the orbit late in fetal life, and to appreciate the morphogenesis of all the definitive structures in the orbit in a methodical and timely fashion. METHODS The authors extensively review major studies detailing every aspect of human embryologic and fetal orbital morphogenesis including the development of extraocular muscles, orbital fat, vessels, nerves, and the supportive connective tissue framework as well as bone. These interdisciplinary studies span almost a century and a half, and include some significant controversial opposing points of view which the authors hopefully sort out. The authors also highlight a few of the most noteworthy molecular biologic studies regarding the multiple and interacting signaling pathways involved in regulating normal orbital morphogenesis. RESULTS Orbital morphogenesis involves a successive series of subtle yet tightly regulated morphogenetic events that could only be explained through the chronological narrative used by the authors. The processes that trigger and contribute to the formation of the orbits are complex and seem to be intricately regulated by multifaceted interactions and bidirectional cross-talk between a multitude of cellular building raw materials including the developing optic vesicles, neuroectoderm, cranial neural crest cells and mesoderm. CONCLUSIONS Development of the orbit is a collective enterprise necessitating interactions between, as well as contributions from different cell populations both within and beyond the realm of the orbit. A basic understanding of the processes underlying orbital ontogenesis is a crucial first step toward establishing a genetic basis or an embryologic link with orbital disease.
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Yamaguchi K. Development of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: A morphometric and computerized 3D-reconstruction study. Neurosci Lett 2018; 676:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Adeli E, Meng Y, Li G, Lin W, Shen D. Multi-task prediction of infant cognitive scores from longitudinal incomplete neuroimaging data. Neuroimage 2018; 185:783-792. [PMID: 29709627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early postnatal brain undergoes a stunning period of development. Over the past few years, research on dynamic infant brain development has received increased attention, exhibiting how important the early stages of a child's life are in terms of brain development. To precisely chart the early brain developmental trajectories, longitudinal studies with data acquired over a long-enough period of infants' early life is essential. However, in practice, missing data from different time point(s) during the data gathering procedure is often inevitable. This leads to incomplete set of longitudinal data, which poses a major challenge for such studies. In this paper, prediction of multiple future cognitive scores with incomplete longitudinal imaging data is modeled into a multi-task machine learning framework. To efficiently learn this model, we account for selection of informative features (i.e., neuroimaging morphometric measurements for different time points), while preserving the structural information and the interrelation between these multiple cognitive scores. Several experiments are conducted on a carefully acquired in-house dataset, and the results affirm that we can predict the cognitive scores measured at the age of four years old, using the imaging data of earlier time points, as early as 24 months of age, with a reasonable performance (i.e., root mean square error of 0.18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Brain & Cognitive Eng, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Yamaguchi K. Development of the human oculomotor nuclear complex: Centrally-projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus. Neurosci Lett 2017; 646:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zare MA, Akbari MR, Kiarudi MY, Mehrjardi HZ. Multiple Ocular and Systemic Disorders in Association with Bilateral Duane's Retraction Syndrome. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2016; 23:256-8. [PMID: 27555711 PMCID: PMC4968148 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.186119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) is characterized by limitations in horizontal eye movements, globe retraction, and palpebral fissure narrowing on attempted adduction. This disorder is caused by a disturbance in innervation originating in the brain stem and represents <1% of all cases of strabismus. It is postulated that this syndrome is due to an insult during the early weeks (8-10 weeks) of pregnancy and is 10-20 times more frequently associated with other systemic congenital anomalies. This case report of bilateral DRS included bilateral iris-retinal coloboma and congenital heart disease, sensory hearing loss, and inguinal hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Zare
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Akbari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yaser Kiarudi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Zare Mehrjardi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Development of the human oculomotor nuclear complex: Somatic nuclei. Ann Anat 2014; 196:394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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