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Watanabe C, Osaka H, Watanabe M, Miyauchi A, Jimbo EF, Tokuyama T, Uosaki H, Kishita Y, Okazaki Y, Onuki T, Ebihara T, Aizawa K, Murayama K, Ohtake A, Yamagata T. Total and reduced/oxidized forms of coenzyme Q 10 in fibroblasts of patients with mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 34:100951. [PMID: 36632326 PMCID: PMC9826971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is involved in ATP production through electron transfer in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex. CoQ10 receives electrons from respiratory chain complex I and II to become the reduced form, and then transfers electrons at complex III to become the oxidized form. The redox state of CoQ10 has been reported to be a marker of the mitochondrial metabolic state, but to our knowledge, no reports have focused on the individual quantification of reduced and oxidized CoQ10 or the ratio of reduced to total CoQ10 (reduced/total CoQ10) in patients with mitochondrial diseases. We measured reduced and oxidized CoQ10 in skin fibroblasts from 24 mitochondrial disease patients, including 5 primary CoQ10 deficiency patients and 10 respiratory chain complex deficiency patients, and determined the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio. In primary CoQ10 deficiency patients, total CoQ10 levels were significantly decreased, however, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio was not changed. On the other hand, in mitochondrial disease patients other than primary CoQ10 deficiency patients, total CoQ10 levels did not decrease. However, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio in patients with respiratory chain complex IV and V deficiency was higher in comparison to those with respiratory chain complex I deficiency. Measurement of CoQ10 in fibroblasts proved useful for the diagnosis of primary CoQ10 deficiency. In addition, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio may reflect the metabolic status of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miyauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eriko F. Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kishita
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Onuki
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ebihara
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Clinical Genomics & Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Kose M, Canda E, Kagnici M, Aykut A, Adebali O, Durmaz A, Bircan A, Diniz G, Eraslan C, Kose E, Ünalp A, Yılmaz Ü, Ozyilmaz B, Özdemir TR, Atik T, Uçar SK, McFarland R, Taylor RW, Brown GK, Çoker M, Özkınay F. SURF1 related Leigh syndrome: Clinical and molecular findings of 16 patients from Turkey. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100657. [PMID: 33134083 PMCID: PMC7586243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pathogenic variants in SURF1, a nuclear-encoded gene encoding a mitochondrial chaperone involved in COX assembly, are one of the most common causes of Leigh syndrome (LS). Material-methods Sixteen patients diagnosed to have SURF1-related LS between 2012 and 2020 were included in the study. Their clinical, biochemical and molecular findings were recorded. 10/16 patients were diagnosed using whole-exome sequencing (WES), 4/16 by Sanger sequencing of SURF1, 1/16 via targeted exome sequencing and 1/16 patient with whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The pathogenicity of SURF1 variants was evaluated by phylogenetic studies and modelling on the 3D structure of the SURF1 protein. Results We identified 16 patients from 14 unrelated families who were either homozygous or compound heterozygous for SURF1 pathogenic variants. Nine different SURF1 variants were detected The c.769G > A was the most common variant with an allelic frequency of 42.8% (12/28), c.870dupT [(p.Lys291*); (8/28 28.5%)], c.169delG [(p.Glu57Lysfs*15), (2/24; 7.1%)], c.532 T > A [(p.Tyr178Asn); (2/28, 7.1%)], c.653_654delCT [(p.Pro218Argfs*29); (4/28, 14.2%)] c.595_597delGGA [(p.Gly199del); (1/28, 3.5%)], c.751 + 1G > A (2/28, 4.1%), c.356C > T [(p.Pro119Leu); (2/28, 3.5%)] were the other detected variants. Two pathogenic variants, C.595_597delGGA and c.356C > T, were detected for the first time. The c.769 G > A variant detected in 6 patients from 5 families was evaluated in terms of phenotype-genotype correlation. There was no definite genotype – phenotype correlation. Conclusions To date, more than 120 patients of LS with SURF1 pathogenic variants have been reported. We shared the clinical, molecular data and natural course of 16 new SURF1 defect patients from our country. This study is the first comprehensive research from Turkey that provides information about disease-causing variants in the SURF1 gene. The identification of common variants and phenotype of the SURF1 gene is important for understanding SURF1 related LS. Synopsis SURF1 gene defects are one of the most important causes of LS; patients have a homogeneous clinical and biochemical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Kose
- Izmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Izmir, Turkey.,Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Izmir, Turkey.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford, UK
| | - Ebru Canda
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Kagnici
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayça Aykut
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ogün Adebali
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Adebali Lab, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asude Durmaz
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aylin Bircan
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Adebali Lab, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulden Diniz
- Izmir Democracy University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cenk Eraslan
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Kose
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aycan Ünalp
- University of Health Sciences, Behçet Uz Children Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Yılmaz
- University of Health Sciences, Behçet Uz Children Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berk Ozyilmaz
- University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Taha Reşid Özdemir
- University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tahir Atik
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sema Kalkan Uçar
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Garry K Brown
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford, UK
| | - Mahmut Çoker
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferda Özkınay
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Izmir, Turkey.,University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Antalya, Turkey
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Mani S, Chandak GR, Singh KK, Singh R, Rao SN. Novel p.P298L SURF1 mutation in thiamine deficient Leigh syndrome patients compromises cytochrome c oxidase activity. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:91-98. [PMID: 32380162 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SURF1 is a nuclear gene and encodes for an important assembly factor for cytochrome c oxidase enzyme. A number of mutations in SURF1 gene render cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, a major causative factor for Leigh syndrome. We screened all the 9 exons and exon-intron boundaries of SURF1 gene in 165 Indian Leigh syndrome patients who were thiamine responsive too. Consequently, we identified several novel and reported nucleotide variations in this gene. The nucleotide changes were analysed by using different in-silico tools for predicting their pathogenicity. Based upon the predictions, we further validated the analyzed functional significance of p.N249D and p.P298L mutations in SURF1 protein using COS-7 cells. Though, both the mutations did not affect the localization of SURF1protein into the mitochondria. But, interestingly the novel mutation p.P298L was reported to significantly compromise the COX activity in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Disease, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India; CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - G R Chandak
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajender Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - S Narasimha Rao
- Government Institute of Child Health, Niloufer Hospital for Women and Children, Red Hills, Hyderabad, India
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Lee JS, Yoo T, Lee M, Lee Y, Jeon E, Kim SY, Lim BC, Kim KJ, Choi M, Chae JH. Genetic heterogeneity in Leigh syndrome: Highlighting treatable and novel genetic causes. Clin Genet 2020; 97:586-594. [PMID: 32020600 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (LS), the most common childhood mitochondrial disorder, has characteristic clinical and neuroradiologic features. Mutations in more than 75 genes have been identified in both the mitochondrial and nuclear genome, implicating a high degree of genetic heterogeneity in LS. To profile these genetic signatures and understand the pathophysiology of LS, we recruited 64 patients from 62 families who were clinically diagnosed with LS at Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Mitochondrial genetic analysis followed by whole-exome sequencing was performed on 61 patients. Pathogenic variants in mitochondrial DNA were identified in 18 families and nuclear DNA mutations in 22. The following 17 genes analyzed in 40 families were found to have genetic complexity: MTATP6, MTND1, MTND3, MTND5, MTND6, MTTK, NDUFS1, NDUFV1, NDUFAF6, SURF1, SLC19A3, ECHS1, PNPT1, IARS2, NARS2, VPS13D, and NAXE. Two treatable cases had biotin-thiamine responsive basal ganglia disease, and another three were identified as having defects in the newly recognized genes (VPS13D or NAXE). Variants in the nuclear genes that encoded mitochondrial aminoacyl tRNA synthetases were present in 27.3% of cases. Our findings expand the genetic and clinical spectrum of LS, showing genetic heterogeneity and highlighting treatable cases and those with novel genetic causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sook Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Genome Medicine and Science, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Taekyeong Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moses Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chan Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Joong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Koreal
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Schoonen M, Smuts I, Louw R, Elson JL, van Dyk E, Jonck LM, Rodenburg RJT, van der Westhuizen FH. Panel-Based Nuclear and Mitochondrial Next-Generation Sequencing Outcomes of an Ethnically Diverse Pediatric Patient Cohort with Mitochondrial Disease. J Mol Diagn 2019; 21:503-513. [PMID: 30872186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease (MD) is a group of rare inherited disorders with clinical heterogeneous phenotypes. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) allow for rapid genetic diagnostics in patients who experience MD, resulting in significant strides in determining its etiology. This, however, has not been the case in many patient populations. We report on a molecular diagnostic study using mitochondrial DNA and targeted nuclear DNA (nDNA) NGS of an extensive cohort of predominantly sub-Saharan African pediatric patients with clinical and biochemically defined MD. Patients in this novel cohort presented mostly with muscle involvement (73%). Of the original 212 patients, a muscle respiratory chain deficiency was identified in 127 cases. Genetic analyses were conducted for these 127 cases based on biochemical deficiencies, for both mitochondrial (n = 123) and nDNA using panel-based NGS (n = 86). As a pilot investigation, whole-exome sequencing was performed in a subset of African patients (n = 8). These analyses resulted in the identification of a previously reported pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variant and seven pathogenic or likely pathogenic nDNA variants (ETFDH, SURF1, COQ6, RYR1, STAC3, ALAS2, and TRIOBP), most of which were identified via whole-exome sequencing. This study contributes to knowledge of MD etiology in an understudied, ethnically diverse population; highlights inconsistencies in genotype-phenotype correlations; and proposes future directions for diagnostic approaches in such patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryke Schoonen
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Izelle Smuts
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Roan Louw
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Etresia van Dyk
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lindi-Maryn Jonck
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Richard J T Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Childrens Hospital, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Francois H van der Westhuizen
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Mitochonic Acid 5 (MA-5) Facilitates ATP Synthase Oligomerization and Cell Survival in Various Mitochondrial Diseases. EBioMedicine 2017; 20:27-38. [PMID: 28579242 PMCID: PMC5478234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction increases oxidative stress and depletes ATP in a variety of disorders. Several antioxidant therapies and drugs affecting mitochondrial biogenesis are undergoing investigation, although not all of them have demonstrated favorable effects in the clinic. We recently reported a therapeutic mitochondrial drug mitochonic acid MA-5 (Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2015). MA-5 increased ATP, rescued mitochondrial disease fibroblasts and prolonged the life span of the disease model "Mitomouse" (JASN, 2016). To investigate the potential of MA-5 on various mitochondrial diseases, we collected 25 cases of fibroblasts from various genetic mutations and cell protective effect of MA-5 and the ATP producing mechanism was examined. 24 out of the 25 patient fibroblasts (96%) were responded to MA-5. Under oxidative stress condition, the GDF-15 was increased and this increase was significantly abrogated by MA-5. The serum GDF-15 elevated in Mitomouse was likewise reduced by MA-5. MA-5 facilitates mitochondrial ATP production and reduces ROS independent of ETC by facilitating ATP synthase oligomerization and supercomplex formation with mitofilin/Mic60. MA-5 reduced mitochondria fragmentation, restores crista shape and dynamics. MA-5 has potential as a drug for the treatment of various mitochondrial diseases. The diagnostic use of GDF-15 will be also useful in a forthcoming MA-5 clinical trial.
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Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Mitochondrial multiorgan disorder syndrome score generated from definite mitochondrial disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2569-2579. [PMID: 29062232 PMCID: PMC5638572 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s149067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) frequently present as mitochondrial multiorgan disorder syndrome (MIMODS) at onset or evolve into MIMODS during the course. This study aimed to find which organs and/or tissues are most frequently affected by MIMODS, which are the most frequent abnormalities within an affected organ, whether there are typical MIMODS patterns, and to generate an MIMODS score to assess the diagnostic probability for an MID. METHODS This is a retrospective evaluation of clinical, biochemical, and genetic investigations of adult patients with definite MIDs. A total of 36 definite MID patients, 19 men and 17 women, aged 29-82 years were included in this study. The diagnosis was based on genetic testing (n=21), on biochemical investigations (n=17), or on both (n=2). RESULTS The number of organs most frequently affected was 4 ranging from 1 to 9. MIMODS was diagnosed in 97% of patients. The organs most frequently affected were the muscle (97%), central nervous system (CNS; 72%), endocrine glands (69%), heart (58%), intestines (55%), and peripheral nerves (50%). The most frequent CNS abnormalities were leukoencephalopathy, prolonged visually evoked potentials, and atrophy. The most frequent endocrine abnormalities included thyroid dysfunction, short stature, and diabetes. The most frequent cardiac abnormalities included arrhythmias, systolic dysfunction, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The most frequent MIMODS patterns were encephalomyopathy, encephalo-myo-endocrinopathy, and encepalo-myo-endocrino-cardiopathy. The mean ± 2SD MIMODS score was 35.97±27.6 (range =11-71). An MIMODS score >10 was regarded as indicative of an MID. CONCLUSION Adult MIDs manifest as MIMODS in the vast majority of the cases. The organs most frequently affected in MIMODS are muscles, CNS, endocrine glands, and heart. An MIMODS score >10 suggests an MID.
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Suzuki T, Yamaguchi H, Kikusato M, Matsuhashi T, Matsuo A, Sato T, Oba Y, Watanabe S, Minaki D, Saigusa D, Shimbo H, Mori N, Mishima E, Shima H, Akiyama Y, Takeuchi Y, Yuri A, Kikuchi K, Toyohara T, Suzuki C, Kohzuki M, Anzai JI, Mano N, Kure S, Yanagisawa T, Tomioka Y, Toyomizu M, Ito S, Osaka H, Hayashi KI, Abe T. Mitochonic Acid 5 (MA-5), a Derivative of the Plant Hormone Indole-3-Acetic Acid, Improves Survival of Fibroblasts from Patients with Mitochondrial Diseases. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 236:225-32. [PMID: 26118651 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.236.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles implicated in a variety of processes related to energy and free radical generation, the regulation of apoptosis, and various signaling pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases cellular oxidative stress and depletes ATP in a variety of inherited mitochondrial diseases and also in many other metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial diseases are characterized by the dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, caused by mutations in the genes encoded by either nuclear DNA or mitochondrial DNA. We have hypothesized that chemicals that increase the cellular ATP levels may ameliorate the mitochondrial dysfunction seen in mitochondrial diseases. To search for the potential drugs for mitochondrial diseases, we screened an in-house chemical library of indole-3-acetic-acid analogs by measuring the cellular ATP levels in Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. We have thus identified mitochonic acid 5 (MA-5), 4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, as a potential drug for enhancing ATP production. MA-5 is a newly synthesized derivative of the plant hormone, indole-3-acetic acid. Importantly, MA-5 improved the survival of fibroblasts established from patients with mitochondrial diseases under the stress-induced condition, including Leigh syndrome, MELAS (myopathy encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, and Kearns-Sayre syndrome. The improved survival was associated with the increased cellular ATP levels. Moreover, MA-5 increased the survival of mitochondrial disease fibroblasts even under the inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation or the electron transport chain. These data suggest that MA-5 could be a therapeutic drug for mitochondrial diseases that exerts its effect in a manner different from anti-oxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Kovářová N, Pecina P, Nůsková H, Vrbacký M, Zeviani M, Mráček T, Viscomi C, Houštěk J. Tissue- and species-specific differences in cytochrome c oxidase assembly induced by SURF1 defects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:705-715. [PMID: 26804654 PMCID: PMC4793088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein SURF1 is a specific assembly factor of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), but its function is poorly understood. SURF1 gene mutations cause a severe COX deficiency manifesting as the Leigh syndrome in humans, whereas in mice SURF1−/− knockout leads only to a mild COX defect. We used SURF1−/− mouse model for detailed analysis of disturbed COX assembly and COX ability to incorporate into respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) in different tissues and fibroblasts. Furthermore, we compared fibroblasts from SURF1−/− mouse and SURF1 patients to reveal interspecies differences in kinetics of COX biogenesis using 2D electrophoresis, immunodetection, arrest of mitochondrial proteosynthesis and pulse-chase metabolic labeling. The crucial differences observed are an accumulation of abundant COX1 assembly intermediates, low content of COX monomer and preferential recruitment of COX into I–III2–IVn SCs in SURF1 patient fibroblasts, whereas SURF1−/− mouse fibroblasts were characterized by low content of COX1 assembly intermediates and milder decrease in COX monomer, which appeared more stable. This pattern was even less pronounced in SURF1−/− mouse liver and brain. Both the control and SURF1−/− mice revealed only negligible formation of the I–III2–IVn SCs and marked tissue differences in the contents of COX dimer and III2–IV SCs, also less noticeable in liver and brain than in heart and muscle. Our studies support the view that COX assembly is much more dependent on SURF1 in humans than in mice. We also demonstrate markedly lower ability of mouse COX to form I–III2–IVn supercomplexes, pointing to tissue-specific and species-specific differences in COX biogenesis. In SURF1 −/− mouse the decrease of COX amount and activity was tissue/cell specific. Assembly kinetics proceeded to the level of stable COX monomer in SURF1 −/− mouse. COX assembly intermediates were faster degraded/depleted in time in SURF1 −/− mouse. COX was preferentially recruited in supercomplex I–III2–IV1 in SURF1 patient cells. Newly synthesized COX monomer was unstable and rapidly degraded in SURF1 patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Kovářová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pecina
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Nůsková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vrbacký
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Instituto Neurologico "C. Besta", via Temolo 4, 20126 Milan, Italy; MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust MRC Bldg, Addenbrookes Hospital Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tomáš Mráček
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust MRC Bldg, Addenbrookes Hospital Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Josef Houštěk
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Jin T, Shen H, Zhao Z, Hu J. Clinical, pathological, and neuroimaging analyses of two cases of Leigh syndrome in a Chinese family. J Child Neurol 2014; 29:NP143-8. [PMID: 24413359 DOI: 10.1177/0883073813512524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the authors examined the clinical manifestations, skeletal muscle pathological characteristics, and neuroimaging results of 2 cases of Leigh syndrome in a Chinese family. The 2 patients presented with general weakness, and 1 of them presented with an impairment of vision. Skeletal muscle biopsies showed a deficiency in cytochrome c oxidase levels. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed increased T1 and T2 signal intensities in the centrum ovale and dentate nucleus. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed a high-intensity signal. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed elevated levels of lactic acid in lesions. The examination of 1 patient at disease onset and during disease remission showed that the lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging, and the peak for lactic acid detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, decreased during remission. These data suggest that changes in the imaging results of patients with Leigh syndrome correlate with disease course and pathogenetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoran Jin
- Departments of Cadre Ward, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongrui Shen
- Departments of Neuromuscular Disease, Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Departments of Neuromuscular Disease, Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Departments of Neuromuscular Disease, Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with Leigh syndrome and SURF1 mutations. Brain Dev 2014; 36:807-12. [PMID: 24262866 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutation in the SURF1 is one of the most common nuclear mutations associated with Leigh syndrome and cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. This study aims to describe the phenotypic and imaging features in four patients with Leigh syndrome and novel SURF1 mutation. METHODS The study included four patients with Leigh syndrome and SURF1 mutations identified from a cohort of 25 children with Leigh syndrome seen over a period of six years (2006-2012). All the patients underwent a detailed neurological assessment, muscle biopsy, and sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome and SURF1. RESULTS Three patients had classical presentation of Leigh syndrome. The fourth patient had a later age of onset with ataxia as the presenting manifestation and a stable course. Hypertrichosis, facial dysmorphism and hypopigmentation were the additional phenotypic features noted. On magnetic resonance imaging all patients had brainstem and cerebellar involvement and two had basal ganglia involvement in addition. The bilateral symmetrical hypertrophic olivary degeneration in these patients was striking. The SURF1 analysis identified previously unreported mutations in all the patients. On follow-up three patients expired and one had a stable course. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Leigh syndrome and SURF1 mutation often have skin and hair abnormalities. Bilateral symmetrical hypertrophic olivary degeneration was a consistent finding on magnetic resonance imaging in these patients.
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Shimbo H, Takagi M, Okuda M, Tsuyusaki Y, Takano K, Iai M, Yamashita S, Murayama K, Ohtake A, Goto YI, Aida N, Osaka H. A rapid screening with direct sequencing from blood samples for the diagnosis of Leigh syndrome. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014; 1:133-138. [PMID: 27896082 PMCID: PMC5121298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Large numbers of genes are responsible for Leigh syndrome (LS), making genetic confirmation of LS difficult. We screened our patients with LS using a limited set of 21 primers encompassing the frequently reported gene for the respiratory chain complexes I (ND1–ND6, and ND4L), IV(SURF1), and V(ATP6) and the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α-subunit. Of 18 LS patients, we identified mutations in 11 patients, including 7 in mDNA (two with ATP6), 4 in nuclear (three with SURF1). Overall, we identified mutations in 61% of LS patients (11/18 individuals) in this cohort. Sanger sequencing with our limited set of primers allowed us a rapid genetic confirmation of more than half of the LS patients and it appears to be efficient as a primary genetic screening in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Shimbo
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan
| | - Mariko Takagi
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Okuda
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan
| | - Yu Tsuyusaki
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takano
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan
| | - Mizue Iai
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan
| | - Sumimasa Yamashita
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1, Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 266-0007, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yu-ichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-machi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Noriko Aida
- Division of Radiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Dept. of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. Fax: + 81 285 44 6123.
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