1
|
Franquelim C, Romana A, Rachão A, Martins JS, Monteiro JP, Carvalho J. Early-Onset Dystonia and Visual Impairment Preceding Epileptic Encephalopathy Associated with PIGA Gene Mutation. Neuropediatrics 2024; 55:265-268. [PMID: 38181819 DOI: 10.1055/a-2239-1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The association between dystonia and early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) may have a genetic basis. Phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class A protein (PIGA) germline mutations have been described in the last decade and associated with refractory EOEEs. Dysmorphisms and visceral abnormalities have also been reported. Here, we present the case of a now 8-month-old child who was evaluated for dystonia, visual impairment, and developmental delay at 2 months of age, followed by refractory focal seizures when he was 4 months old. The remaining examination was normal, besides an accelerated linear growth. His brain magnetic resonance and an extensive metabolic investigation failed to show any abnormalities. At 7 months of age, the exome sequencing found a hemizygous PIGA pathogenic variant-c.1352T > C (p.(Ile451Thr). Seizures improved after the association of carbamazepine with levetiracetam and the beginning of the ketogenic diet. To our knowledge, this is the first time the phenotype associated with this specific mutation is described. Our patient had the singularity of manifesting with remarkable dystonia, over 2 months before the onset of seizures. We also point to the utility of the gene sequencing approach in the diagnosis of patients with dystonia and EOEEs, since identification of the genetic cause may help in patient's management and families' empowerment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreia Romana
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Augusto Rachão
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | | | - José Paulo Monteiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - João Carvalho
- Department of Pediatrics, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gabaldon-Albero A, Cordon L, Sempere A, Pedrola L, Martin-Grau C, Oltra S, Monfort S, Caro-Llopis A, Dominguez-Martinez M, Hernandez-Muela S, Rosello M, Orellana C, Martinez F. Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia-Seizures Syndrome 2 Caused by a Novel PIGA Variant Not Associated with a Skewed X-Inactivation Pattern. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:802. [PMID: 38927738 PMCID: PMC11203057 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Germline variants in the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIGA) gene, which is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis, cause multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2 (MCAHS2) with X-linked recessive inheritance. The available literature has described a pattern of almost 100% X-chromosome inactivation in mothers carrying PIGA variants. Here, we report a male infant with MCAHS2 caused by a novel PIGA variant inherited from his mother, who has a non-skewed pattern of X inactivation. Phenotypic evidence supporting the pathogenicity of the variant was obtained by flow-cytometry tests. We propose that the assessment in neutrophils of the expression of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), especially CD16, should be considered in cases with variants of unknown significance with random X-inactivation in carrier mothers in order to clarify the pathogenic role of PIGA or other gene variants linked to the synthesis of GPI-APs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Gabaldon-Albero
- Translational Genetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (L.P.); (C.M.-G.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (A.C.-L.); (M.D.-M.); (M.R.); (C.O.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Lourdes Cordon
- Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.C.); (A.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, 20029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Sempere
- Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.C.); (A.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, 20029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laia Pedrola
- Translational Genetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (L.P.); (C.M.-G.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (A.C.-L.); (M.D.-M.); (M.R.); (C.O.)
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Martin-Grau
- Translational Genetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (L.P.); (C.M.-G.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (A.C.-L.); (M.D.-M.); (M.R.); (C.O.)
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvestre Oltra
- Translational Genetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (L.P.); (C.M.-G.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (A.C.-L.); (M.D.-M.); (M.R.); (C.O.)
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Monfort
- Translational Genetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (L.P.); (C.M.-G.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (A.C.-L.); (M.D.-M.); (M.R.); (C.O.)
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Caro-Llopis
- Translational Genetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (L.P.); (C.M.-G.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (A.C.-L.); (M.D.-M.); (M.R.); (C.O.)
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Dominguez-Martinez
- Translational Genetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (L.P.); (C.M.-G.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (A.C.-L.); (M.D.-M.); (M.R.); (C.O.)
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Hernandez-Muela
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Monica Rosello
- Translational Genetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (L.P.); (C.M.-G.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (A.C.-L.); (M.D.-M.); (M.R.); (C.O.)
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Orellana
- Translational Genetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (L.P.); (C.M.-G.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (A.C.-L.); (M.D.-M.); (M.R.); (C.O.)
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martinez
- Translational Genetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (L.P.); (C.M.-G.); (S.O.); (S.M.); (A.C.-L.); (M.D.-M.); (M.R.); (C.O.)
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bernardo P, Cuccurullo C, Rubino M, De Vita G, Terrone G, Bilo L, Coppola A. X-Linked Epilepsies: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4110. [PMID: 38612920 PMCID: PMC11012983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
X-linked epilepsies are a heterogeneous group of epileptic conditions, which often overlap with X-linked intellectual disability. To date, various X-linked genes responsible for epilepsy syndromes and/or developmental and epileptic encephalopathies have been recognized. The electro-clinical phenotype is well described for some genes in which epilepsy represents the core symptom, while less phenotypic details have been reported for other recently identified genes. In this review, we comprehensively describe the main features of both X-linked epileptic syndromes thoroughly characterized to date (PCDH19-related DEE, CDKL5-related DEE, MECP2-related disorders), forms of epilepsy related to X-linked neuronal migration disorders (e.g., ARX, DCX, FLNA) and DEEs associated with recently recognized genes (e.g., SLC9A6, SLC35A2, SYN1, ARHGEF9, ATP6AP2, IQSEC2, NEXMIF, PIGA, ALG13, FGF13, GRIA3, SMC1A). It is often difficult to suspect an X-linked mode of transmission in an epilepsy syndrome. Indeed, different models of X-linked inheritance and modifying factors, including epigenetic regulation and X-chromosome inactivation in females, may further complicate genotype-phenotype correlations. The purpose of this work is to provide an extensive and updated narrative review of X-linked epilepsies. This review could support clinicians in the genetic diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy featuring X-linked inheritance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Bernardo
- Pediatric Psychiatry and Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Cuccurullo
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Ospedale del Mare Hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, 80147 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marica Rubino
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.B.)
| | - Gabriella De Vita
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Terrone
- Child Neuropsychiatry Units, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Leonilda Bilo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.B.)
| | - Antonietta Coppola
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salinas-Marín R, Murakami Y, González-Domínguez CA, Cruz-Muñoz ME, Mora-Montes HM, Morava E, Kinoshita T, Monroy-Santoyo S, Martínez-Duncker I. Case report: Functional characterization of a de novo c.145G>A p.Val49Met pathogenic variant in a case of PIGA-CDG with megacolon. Front Genet 2022; 13:971473. [PMID: 36324500 PMCID: PMC9619068 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.971473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A subgroup of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) includes inherited GPI-anchor deficiencies (IGDs) that affect the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors, including the first reaction catalyzed by the X-linked PIGA. Here, we show the first PIGA-CDG case reported in Mexico in a male child with a moderate-to-severe phenotype characterized by neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms, including megacolon. Exome sequencing identified the hemizygous variant PIGA c.145G>A (p.Val49Met), confirmed by Sanger sequencing and characterized as de novo. The pathogenicity of this variant was characterized by flow cytometry and complementation assays in PIGA knockout (KO) cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Salinas-Marín
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Carlos Alberto González-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | - Héctor Manuel Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- Frontiers in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Consortium, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), and the Rare Disorders Clinical Research Network (RDCRN), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Susana Monroy-Santoyo
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, México
- *Correspondence: Iván Martínez-Duncker, ; Susana Monroy-Santoyo,
| | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
- Frontiers in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Consortium, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), and the Rare Disorders Clinical Research Network (RDCRN), Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Iván Martínez-Duncker, ; Susana Monroy-Santoyo,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The correlation between multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia seizures syndrome 2 and PIGA: a case of novel PIGA germline variant and literature review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10469-10477. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Kandasamy LC, Tsukamoto M, Banov V, Tsetsegee S, Nagasawa Y, Kato M, Matsumoto N, Takeda J, Itohara S, Ogawa S, Young LJ, Zhang Q. Limb-clasping, cognitive deficit and increased vulnerability to kainic acid-induced seizures in neuronal glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency mouse models. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:758-770. [PMID: 33607654 PMCID: PMC8161520 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of a protein with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a conserved mechanism exists in all eukaryotes. Thus far, >150 human GPI-anchored proteins have been discovered and ~30 enzymes have been reported to be involved in the biosynthesis and maturation of mammalian GPI. Phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class A protein (PIGA) catalyzes the very first step of GPI anchor biosynthesis. Patients carrying a mutation of the PIGA gene usually suffer from inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency (IGD) with intractable epilepsy and intellectual developmental disorder. We generated three mouse models with PIGA deficits specifically in telencephalon excitatory neurons (Ex-M-cko), inhibitory neurons (In-M-cko) or thalamic neurons (Th-H-cko), respectively. Both Ex-M-cko and In-M-cko mice showed impaired long-term fear memory and were more susceptible to kainic acid-induced seizures. In addition, In-M-cko demonstrated a severe limb-clasping phenotype. Hippocampal synapse changes were observed in Ex-M-cko mice. Our Piga conditional knockout mouse models provide powerful tools to understand the cell-type specific mechanisms underlying inherited GPI deficiency and to test different therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenin C Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Social Neural Networks, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Mina Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Social Neural Networks, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Vitaliy Banov
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, CBS, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan.,Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Sambuu Tsetsegee
- Laboratory of Social Neural Networks, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Social Neural Networks, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Junji Takeda
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable Disease Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Sonoko Ogawa
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Larry J Young
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.,Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30329, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Social Neural Networks, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.,Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, CBS, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan.,Faculty of Human Sciences, Center for Social Neural Networks, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paprocka J, Jezela-Stanek A, Tylki-Szymańska A, Grunewald S. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation from a Neurological Perspective. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010088. [PMID: 33440761 PMCID: PMC7827962 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most plasma proteins, cell membrane proteins and other proteins are glycoproteins with sugar chains attached to the polypeptide-glycans. Glycosylation is the main element of the post-translational transformation of most human proteins. Since glycosylation processes are necessary for many different biological processes, patients present a diverse spectrum of phenotypes and severity of symptoms. The most frequently observed neurological symptoms in congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are: epilepsy, intellectual disability, myopathies, neuropathies and stroke-like episodes. Epilepsy is seen in many CDG subtypes and particularly present in the case of mutations in the following genes: ALG13, DOLK, DPAGT1, SLC35A2, ST3GAL3, PIGA, PIGW, ST3GAL5. On brain neuroimaging, atrophic changes of the cerebellum and cerebrum are frequently seen. Brain malformations particularly in the group of dystroglycanopathies are reported. Despite the growing number of CDG patients in the world and often neurological symptoms dominating in the clinical picture, the number of performed screening tests eg transferrin isoforms is systematically decreasing as broadened genetic testing is recently more favored. The aim of the review is the summary of selected neurological symptoms in CDG described in the literature in one paper. It is especially important for pediatric neurologists not experienced in the field of metabolic medicine. It may help to facilitate the diagnosis of this expanding group of disorders. Biochemically, this paper focuses on protein glycosylation abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-606-415-888
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, W 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bayat A, Kløvgaard M, Johannesen KM, Barakat TS, Kievit A, Montomoli M, Parrini E, Pietrafusa N, Schelhaas J, van Slegtenhorst M, Miya K, Guerrini R, Tranebjærg L, Tümer Z, Rubboli G, Møller RS. Deciphering the premature mortality in PIGA-CDG - An untold story. Epilepsy Res 2020; 170:106530. [PMID: 33508693 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) due to a defective phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class A protein (PIGA) is a severe X-linked developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Seizures are often treatment refractory, and patients have intellectual disability and global developmental delay. Previous reports have suggested that patients with PIGA-CDG have a high risk of premature mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the observed high mortality and the causes of death in PIGA-CDG patients. METHODS We reviewed the literature and collected additional unpublished patients through an international network. RESULTS In total, we reviewed the data of 88 patients of whom 30 patients born alive were deceased, and the overall mortality before the age of 20 years was 30 % (26/88). Age at death ranged from 15 days to 48 years of life. The median age at death was two years and more than half of the patients deceased in early childhood. The PIGA-specific mortality rate/1000 person-years was 44.9/1000 person-years (95 %, CI 31.4-64.3). There were no cases of definite or probable sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and half of the patients died due to respiratory failure (15/30, 50 %) or possible SUDEP (3/30, 10 %). Three patients (10 %) died from severe cardiomyopathy, liver failure and gastrointestinal bleeding, respectively. The cause of death was unclassified in nine patients (30 %). Autopsies were rarely performed and the true cause of death remains unknown for the majority of patients. SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicate an increased risk of premature death in patients with PIGA-CDG when compared to most monogenic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Bayat
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Marius Kløvgaard
- The Epilepsy Clinic, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine M Johannesen
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke Kievit
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martino Montomoli
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Pietrafusa
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Jurgen Schelhaas
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), the Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kazushi Miya
- Department of Educational Sciences (Human Development and Welfare Course), University of Toyama, Faculty of Human Development, Toyama, Japan
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisbeth Tranebjærg
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Rubboli
- Department for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cabasson S, Van-Gils J, Villéga F, Abi-Warde MT, Barcia G, Lazaro L, Cancés C, Chelly J, Karsenty C, Rivera S, de Saint-Martin A, Trimouille A, Villard L, Pédespan JM. Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy related to germline PIGA mutations: A series of 5 cases. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 28:214-220. [PMID: 32694024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular diagnosis of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE), an expanding field in child neurology, is becoming increasingly possible thanks to the widespread availability of next-generation sequencing and whole-exome sequencing. In the past 15 years, mutations in STXBP1, KCNQ2, SCN2A, SCN8A and numerous other genes have been reported, giving a more accurate insight for these rare diseases. Among these genes, germline mutations in Phosphatidyl Inositol Glycan A (PIGA) gene were first reported in 2012. Located on Xp22.2, PIGA is involved in the synthesis of GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) which acts as a membrane anchor for different proteins: enzymes, adhesion molecules, regulation of the complement way, and co-receptor in transduction signal. Children suffering from this condition exhibit developmental delay with early-onset epilepsy, severe dysmorphic signs, multi-visceral anomalies and early death in the most severe forms. Here, we report five cases of germline PIGA mutations, with two missense mutations that have not been reported to date. We provide a new insight into the electroclinical phenotype. At the onset, epileptic spasms and focal-onset seizures with upper limbs and ocular involvements were present. Epilepsy proved pharmacoresistant in 4 out of 5 cases. Interictal EEG may be normal at the onset of epilepsy, but abnormalities in electroencephalographic studies were eventually present in all cases. Different types of seizures may be present simultaneously, and epileptic phenotypes evolve with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Cabasson
- Unité de neurologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent. Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin Enfants, Place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33 076, Bordeaux cedex, France.
| | - Julien Van-Gils
- Service de génétique médicale. Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin Enfants, Place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33 076, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Villéga
- Unité de neurologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent. Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin Enfants, Place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33 076, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Abi-Warde
- Département de neurologie pédiatrique, CHRU de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67 000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Service de génétique médicale. Unité de génétique moléculaire, unité d'embryologie moléculaire. Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Tour Lavoisier (3(ème) étage), 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743, Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Leila Lazaro
- Service de pédiatrie. Centre hospitalier de la côte basque, 13 avenue de l'interne Jacques-Loëb, 64 109, Bayonne, France
| | - Claude Cancés
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Purpan, 330 avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Unité de génétique moléculaire, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 place de l'Hôpital, BP 426, 67 091, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Caroline Karsenty
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Purpan, 330 avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Rivera
- Service de pédiatrie. Centre hospitalier de la côte basque, 13 avenue de l'interne Jacques-Loëb, 64 109, Bayonne, France
| | - Anne de Saint-Martin
- Département de neurologie pédiatrique, CHRU de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67 000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Service de génétique médicale. Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin Enfants, Place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33 076, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Laurent Villard
- Département de génétique médicale, Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13 385, Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pédespan
- Unité de neurologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent. Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin Enfants, Place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33 076, Bordeaux cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu T, Yin F, Guang S, He F, Yang L, Peng J. The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis pathway in human diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:129. [PMID: 32466763 PMCID: PMC7254680 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects cause rare genetic disorders characterised by developmental delay/intellectual disability, seizures, dysmorphic features, and diverse congenital anomalies associated with a wide range of additional features (hypotonia, hearing loss, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and several other features). Glycosylphosphatidylinositol functions as an anchor to link cell membranes and protein. These proteins function as enzymes, adhesion molecules, complement regulators, or co-receptors in signal transduction pathways. Biallelic variants involved in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins biosynthetic pathway are responsible for a growing number of disorders, including multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome; hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome/Mabry syndrome; coloboma, congenital heart disease, ichthyosiform dermatosis, mental retardation, and ear anomalies/epilepsy syndrome; and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-55. This review focuses on the current understanding of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects and the associated genes to further understand its wide phenotype spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tenghui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shiqi Guang
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China. .,Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bayat A, Knaus A, Pendziwiat M, Afenjar A, Barakat TS, Bosch F, Callewaert B, Calvas P, Ceulemans B, Chassaing N, Depienne C, Endziniene M, Ferreira CR, Moura de Souza CF, Freihuber C, Ganesan S, Gataullina S, Guerrini R, Guerrot A, Hansen L, Jezela‐Stanek A, Karsenty C, Kievit A, Kooy FR, Korff CM, Kragh Hansen J, Larsen M, Layet V, Lesca G, McBride KL, Meuwissen M, Mignot C, Montomoli M, Moore H, Naudion S, Nava C, Nougues M, Parrini E, Pastore M, Schelhaas JH, Skinner S, Szczałuba K, Thomas A, Thomassen M, Tranebjærg L, Slegtenhorst M, Wolfe LA, Lal D, Gardella E, Bomme Ousager L, Brünger T, Helbig I, Krawitz P, Møller RS. Lessons learned from 40 novel
PIGA
patients and a review of the literature. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1142-1155. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.16545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Bayat
- Institute for Regional Health Services University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine Danish Epilepsy Center Dianalund Denmark
| | - Alexej Knaus
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics University Hospital Bonn Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Christian Albrechts University Kiel Germany
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- CRMR Congenital Malformations and Diseases of the Cerebellum and Rare Causes of Intellectual Disabilities Department of Genetics Sorbonne University, AP‐HP, Trousseau Hospital Paris France
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Patrick Calvas
- UMR1056 INSERM‐Université de Toulouse, Department of Genetics University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Berten Ceulemans
- Department of Pediatric Neurology University Hospital and University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- UMR1056 INSERM‐Université de Toulouse, Department of Genetics University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
- UMR S1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Institute of brain and spinal cord Sorbonne University Paris France
| | - Milda Endziniene
- Neurology Department Medical Academy Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Carlos R. Ferreira
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MarylandUSA
| | | | - Cécile Freihuber
- Department of Pediatric Neurology AP‐HP, GHUEP Armand Trousseau University Hospital Paris France
- GRC ConCer‐LD Sorbonne University, UPMC University of Paris 06 Paris France
| | - Shiva Ganesan
- Division of Neurology Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Svetlana Gataullina
- Sleep Disorders Center AP‐HP, Antoine‐Béclère Hospital Clamart France
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Intensive Care André Grégoire Hospital Montreuil France
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories Department of Neuroscience, A. Meyer Children's Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Anne‐Marie Guerrot
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine Normandy University, UNIROUEN Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital Rouen France
| | - Lars Hansen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Health Science Copenhagen Center for Glycomics Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Aleksandra Jezela‐Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Warsaw Poland
| | - Caroline Karsenty
- Neuropediatrics Department University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Anneke Kievit
- Department of Clinical Genetics Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Frank R. Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Christian M. Korff
- Pediatric Neurology Unit Department of the Woman, Child, and Adolescent University Hospitals Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
- Human Genetics Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Valérie Layet
- Department of Genetics Du Havre Hospital Le Havre France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics Lyon University Hospital Lyon France
- Institut Neuromyogene University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon University Lyon France
| | - Kim L. McBride
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OhioUSA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OhioUSA
- Department of Pediatrics Ohio State University Columbus OhioUSA
| | - Marije Meuwissen
- Department of Medical Genetics University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Cyril Mignot
- APHP Department of Genetics Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital Reference Center for Rare Causes of Intellectual Disabilities Paris France
- Department of Genetics Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Institute for brain and spinal cord ICM, AP‐HP De la Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University Paris France
| | - Martino Montomoli
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories Department of Neuroscience, A. Meyer Children's Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Hannah Moore
- Greenwood Genetic Center Greenwood South CarolinaUSA
| | - Sophie Naudion
- Department of Genetics, University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Caroline Nava
- Department of Genetics Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Institute for brain and spinal cord ICM, AP‐HP De la Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University Paris France
| | | | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories Department of Neuroscience, A. Meyer Children's Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Matthew Pastore
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OhioUSA
- Department of Pediatrics Ohio State University Columbus OhioUSA
| | | | | | | | - Ashley Thomas
- Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AlabamaUSA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
- Human Genetics Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Tranebjærg
- Department of Clinical Genetics Rigshospitalet/Kennedy Center Glostrup Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marjon Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Lynne A. Wolfe
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund National Institutes of Health Bethesda MarylandUSA
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute Bethesda MarylandUSA
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Cambridge MassachusettsUSA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MassachusettsUSA
- Epilepsy Center Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OhioUSA
- Genomic Medicine Institute Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OhioUSA
| | - Elena Gardella
- Institute for Regional Health Services University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine Danish Epilepsy Center Dianalund Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Danish Epilepsy Center Dianalund Denmark
| | - Lilian Bomme Ousager
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
- Human Genetics Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Tobias Brünger
- Cologne Center for Genomics University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neuropediatrics University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Christian Albrechts University Kiel Germany
- Division of Neurology Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics University Hospital Bonn Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Rikke S. Møller
- Institute for Regional Health Services University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine Danish Epilepsy Center Dianalund Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Analyzing clinical and genetic characteristics of a cohort with multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome (MCAHS). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:78. [PMID: 32220244 PMCID: PMC7099766 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To summarize and extend the phenotypic characterization of Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia-Seizures Syndrome, and to discuss genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods Collecting clinical information of 17 patients with pathogenic variants in PIGN, PIGA, and PIGT. Genetic studies were performed on all patients. Results There were 7 patients with 15 PIGN mutations (one patient carrying 3 mutations), 8 patients with 8 PIGA mutations, and 2 patients with 5 PIGT mutations (one patient carrying 3 mutations). All patients had epilepsy and developmental delay, with 71% of them showed hypotonia. And among these patients’ various seizure types, the focal seizure was the most common one. Eighty-two percent patients showed a significant relationship between seizures and fever. Serum ALP was elevated in one patient with PIGN mutations and in two patients with PIGA mutations. Brain MRI showed enlarged subarachnoid space in 56% of patients. Some other different characteristics had also been found in our patients: First, atypical absence seizures presented in three patients with PIGN mutations; Second, diffuse slow waves mixed with focal or multifocal discharges of interictal EEG in 88% cases with PIGA-deficient; Third, phenotypes of seven out of eight patients with PIGA mutations were difficult to be classified as severe or less severe group; Last, mild neurological symptoms and developmental status rather than severe conditions occurred in one patient with PIGT mutations. Conclusion With epilepsy, developmental delay, and/or hypotonia as common features, the knowledge of MCAHS in terms of phenotype and genotype has been expanded. In cases with PIGN-deficient, we expanded the types of atypical absence seizures, and described one patient with elevated serum ALP. Focal seizures with diffuse slow waves mixed with focal or multifocal discharges on EEG rather than infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, which as previously reported were often seen in our patients with PIGA mutations. The classifications of phenotypes caused by PIGA mutations should be more continuous than discrete. The mild phenotype of one patient with PIGT mutations expanded the clinical presentation of MCAHS3.
Collapse
|
13
|
Neuhofer CM, Funke R, Wilken B, Knaus A, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Li Y, Wollnik B, Burfeind P, Pauli S. A Novel Mutation in PIGA Associated with Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia-Seizure Syndrome 2 (MCAHS2) in a Boy with a Combination of Severe Epilepsy and Gingival Hyperplasia. Mol Syndromol 2020; 11:30-37. [PMID: 32256299 DOI: 10.1159/000505797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2 (MCAHS2) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the X chromosomal PIGA gene. Clinically it is characterized by early-onset epilepsy, hypotonia, dysmorphic features, and variable congenital anomalies. PIGA codes for the phosphatidylinositol glycan-class A protein, which forms a subunit of an enzymatic complex involved in glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis. We present a new case of MCAHS2 and perform a comprehensive review of the available literature to delineate the phenotypical traits associated with germline PIGA mutations. Furthermore, we provide functional evidence of pathogenicity of the novel missense mutation, c.154C>T; (p.His52Tyr), in the PIGA gene causative of MCAHS2 in our patient. By flow cytometry, we observed reduced expression of GPI-anchored surface proteins in patient granulocytes compared to control samples, proving GPI-biogenesis impairment. The patient's severe epilepsy with several daily attacks was refractory to treatment, but the frequency of seizures reduced temporarily under triple therapy with perampanel, rufinamide and vigabatrin. Our study delineates the known MCAHS2 phenotype and discusses challenges of diagnosis and clinical management in this complex, rare disease. Furthermore, we present a novel mutation with functional evidence of pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane M Neuhofer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Funke
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Bernd Wilken
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Alexej Knaus
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Burfeind
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Pauli
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
PIGA related disorder as a range of phenotypes rather than two distinct subtypes. Brain Dev 2020; 42:205-210. [PMID: 31704190 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with germline phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class A (PIGA) related disorder have historically been categorized into one of two distinct subtypes: a severe form which is often fatal, and a less severe form. However, the increasing number of cases with features indicative of both subtypes raise the possibility of a phenotypic spectrum associated with PIGA disorder. In order to further characterize this phenotypic spectrum, we present two patients with features of both the severe and less severe subtypes with a review of phenotypes reported to date in the literature. In eight year old patient 1, a maternally inherited PIGA likely pathogenic variant was discovered using exome sequencing. He presented with myoclonic epilepsy, mild intellectual disability, spastic diplegia, developmental motor delay, and autism spectrum disorder. Patient 2 is a 13 year old with focal epilepsy, profound developmental delay, coarse facial features, severe intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. A de novo PIGA likely pathogenic variant was found through exome sequencing. Both patients had normal alkaline phosphatase levels and are without related organ abnormalities. We conclude that pathogenic PIGA variants cause a spectrum of phenotypes rather than the categories of "severe" and "less severe" as previously posited.
Collapse
|
15
|
A novel germline PIGA mutation causes early-onset epileptic encephalopathies in Chinese monozygotic twins. Brain Dev 2018; 40:596-600. [PMID: 29502866 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of 14-month-old male monozygotic twins showing early-onset intractable epilepsy, delayed psychomotor development, hypotonia, opisthotonus, and dysmorphism. They presented with refractory partial and secondary generalized tonic-clonic or myoclonic seizures since age of 6 months. Electroencephalograms mainly revealed fast activity in left occipital region and generalized high amplitude polyspikes and wave. Brain MRI was normal. A de novo germline hemizygous mutation, C.110 T > C (p.37 M > T), in exon 2 of PIGA was confirmed, which indicated that a novel germline mutation in PIGA leads to early-onset epileptic encephalopathies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang J, Wang Q, Zhuo Q, Tian H, Li W, Luo F, Zhang J, Bi D, Peng J, Zhou D, Xin H. A likely pathogenic variant putatively affecting splicing of PIGA identified in a multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2 (MCAHS2) family pedigree via whole-exome sequencing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:739-748. [PMID: 29974678 PMCID: PMC6160699 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is a special type of protein posttranslational modification, by which proteins with diverse function are attached to cell membrane through a covalent linkage between the protein and the glycolipid. Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class A (PIGA) is a key enzyme in GPI anchor biosynthesis, somatic mutations or genetic variants of which have been associated with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), or PIGA deficiency, respectively. More than 10 PIGA pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants have been reported in a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes of PIGA deficiency, including multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia‐seizures syndrome 2 (MCAHS2). Methods Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on two trios, that is., the proband's family and his affected maternal cousin's family, from a nonconsanguineous Chinese family pedigree with hypotonia‐encephalopathy‐seizures disease history and putative X‐linked recessive inheritance. Sanger sequencing for PIGA variant was performed on affected members as well as unaffected members in the family pedigree to verify its familial segregation. Results A novel likely pathogenic variant in PIGA was identified through comparative WES analysis of the two affected families. The single‐nucleotide substitution (NC_000023.9:g.15343279T>C) is located in intron 3 of the PIGA gene and within the splice acceptor consensus sequence (NM_002641.3:c.849‐5A>G). Even though we have not performed RNA studies, in silico tools predict that this intronic variant may alter normal splicing, causing a four base pair insertion which creates a frameshift and a premature stop codon at position 297 (NP_002632.1:p.(Arg283Serfs*15)). Sanger sequencing analysis of the extended family members confirmed the presence of the variant and its X‐linked inheritance. Conclusion WES data analysis along with familial segregation of a rare intronic variant are suggestive of a diagnosis of X‐liked PIGA deficiency with clinical features of MCAHS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junli Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute for Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingcui Zhuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huiling Tian
- Children Rehabilitation Center of Linyi Women and Children's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Luo
- MyGenostics Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Bi
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Institute for Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huawei Xin
- Institute for Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin WD, Chou IC, Tsai FJ, Hong SY. A novel PIGA mutation in a Taiwanese family with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Seizure 2018; 58:52-54. [PMID: 29656098 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We report the first family with PIGA-associated epileptic encephalopathy in Taiwan and hope to elucidate its special phenotype and inheritance pattern. METHOD We found a Taiwanese family with several members suffered from severe epileptic encephalopathy (ZY07, ZY01, ZY04). To determine the underlying etiology, whole exome sequencing was conducted. RESULTS A single novel variant, NM_002641: c.356G > A, p.Arg119Gln, was identified in the X chromosome PIGA gene in our proband patient (ZY07). The patient's mother (ZY02) and aunt (ZY03) were confirmed as carriers of the hemizygous variant. CONCLUSIONS This paper highlights the highly transmitted features of PIGA and other X-linked EIEEs, raising awareness of rare forms of epileptic encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-De Lin
- School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Division of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical University, Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Pediatrics Genetics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Yu Hong
- Division of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical University, Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Low KJ, James M, Sharples P, Eaton M, Jenkinson S, Study D, Smithson S. A novel PIGA variant associated with severe X-linked epilepsy and profound developmental delay. Seizure 2018; 56:1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
19
|
Knaus A, Pantel JT, Pendziwiat M, Hajjir N, Zhao M, Hsieh TC, Schubach M, Gurovich Y, Fleischer N, Jäger M, Köhler S, Muhle H, Korff C, Møller RS, Bayat A, Calvas P, Chassaing N, Warren H, Skinner S, Louie R, Evers C, Bohn M, Christen HJ, van den Born M, Obersztyn E, Charzewska A, Endziniene M, Kortüm F, Brown N, Robinson PN, Schelhaas HJ, Weber Y, Helbig I, Mundlos S, Horn D, Krawitz PM. Characterization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects by clinical features, flow cytometry, and automated image analysis. Genome Med 2018; 10:3. [PMID: 29310717 PMCID: PMC5759841 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects (GPIBDs) cause a group of phenotypically overlapping recessive syndromes with intellectual disability, for which pathogenic mutations have been described in 16 genes of the corresponding molecular pathway. An elevated serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), a GPI-linked enzyme, has been used to assign GPIBDs to the phenotypic series of hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS) and to distinguish them from another subset of GPIBDs, termed multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia seizures syndrome (MCAHS). However, the increasing number of individuals with a GPIBD shows that hyperphosphatasia is a variable feature that is not ideal for a clinical classification. Methods We studied the discriminatory power of multiple GPI-linked substrates that were assessed by flow cytometry in blood cells and fibroblasts of 39 and 14 individuals with a GPIBD, respectively. On the phenotypic level, we evaluated the frequency of occurrence of clinical symptoms and analyzed the performance of computer-assisted image analysis of the facial gestalt in 91 individuals. Results We found that certain malformations such as Morbus Hirschsprung and diaphragmatic defects are more likely to be associated with particular gene defects (PIGV, PGAP3, PIGN). However, especially at the severe end of the clinical spectrum of HPMRS, there is a high phenotypic overlap with MCAHS. Elevation of AP has also been documented in some of the individuals with MCAHS, namely those with PIGA mutations. Although the impairment of GPI-linked substrates is supposed to play the key role in the pathophysiology of GPIBDs, we could not observe gene-specific profiles for flow cytometric markers or a correlation between their cell surface levels and the severity of the phenotype. In contrast, it was facial recognition software that achieved the highest accuracy in predicting the disease-causing gene in a GPIBD. Conclusions Due to the overlapping clinical spectrum of both HPMRS and MCAHS in the majority of affected individuals, the elevation of AP and the reduced surface levels of GPI-linked markers in both groups, a common classification as GPIBDs is recommended. The effectiveness of computer-assisted gestalt analysis for the correct gene inference in a GPIBD and probably beyond is remarkable and illustrates how the information contained in human faces is pivotal in the delineation of genetic entities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0510-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexej Knaus
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean Tori Pantel
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nurulhuda Hajjir
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Zhao
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Schubach
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Marten Jäger
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Muhle
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Korff
- Unité de Neuropédiatrie, Université de Genève, CH-1211, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre, DK-4293, Dianalund, Denmark.,Institute for Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Hvidovre, 2650, Hvicovre, Denmark
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Christina Evers
- Genetische Poliklinik, Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Bohn
- St. Bernward Krankenhaus, 31134, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Christen
- Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult, Hannoversche Kinderheilanstalt, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Institute of Mother and Child Department of Molecular Genetics, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Charzewska
- Institute of Mother and Child Department of Molecular Genetics, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milda Endziniene
- Neurology Department, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Fanny Kortüm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natasha Brown
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, MCRI, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Peter N Robinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 06032, Farmington, USA
| | - Helenius J Schelhaas
- Departement of Neurology, Academic Center for Epileptology, 5590, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Weber
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter M Krawitz
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
A hypomorphic PIGA gene mutation causes severe defects in neuron development and susceptibility to complement-mediated toxicity in a human iPSC model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174074. [PMID: 28441409 PMCID: PMC5404867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor biosynthesis underlie a group of congenital syndromes characterized by severe neurodevelopmental defects. GPI anchored proteins have diverse roles in cell adhesion, signaling, metabolism and complement regulation. Over 30 enzymes are required for GPI anchor biosynthesis and PIGA is involved in the first step of this process. A hypomorphic mutation in the X-linked PIGA gene (c.1234C>T) causes multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia seizure syndrome 2 (MCAHS2), indicating that even partial reduction of GPI anchored proteins dramatically impairs central nervous system development, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we established a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) model containing the PIGAc.1234C>T mutation to study the effects of a hypomorphic allele of PIGA on neuronal development. Neuronal differentiation from neural progenitor cells generated by EB formation in PIGAc.1234C>T is significantly impaired with decreased proliferation, aberrant synapse formation and abnormal membrane depolarization. The results provide direct evidence for a critical role of GPI anchor proteins in early neurodevelopment. Furthermore, neural progenitors derived from PIGAc.1234C>T hiPSCs demonstrate increased susceptibility to complement-mediated cytotoxicity, suggesting that defective complement regulation may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
|
21
|
Tanigawa J, Mimatsu H, Mizuno S, Okamoto N, Fukushi D, Tominaga K, Kidokoro H, Muramatsu Y, Nishi E, Nakamura S, Motooka D, Nomura N, Hayasaka K, Niihori T, Aoki Y, Nabatame S, Hayakawa M, Natsume J, Ozono K, Kinoshita T, Wakamatsu N, Murakami Y. Phenotype-genotype correlations of PIGO deficiency with variable phenotypes from infantile lethality to mild learning difficulties. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:805-815. [PMID: 28337824 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inherited GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) deficiencies (IGDs), a recently defined group of diseases, show a broad spectrum of symptoms. Hyperphosphatasia mental retardation syndrome, also known as Mabry syndrome, is a type of IGDs. There are at least 26 genes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of GPI-anchored proteins; however, IGDs constitute a rare group of diseases, and correlations between the spectrum of symptoms and affected genes or the type of mutations have not been shown. Here, we report four newly identified and five previously described Japanese families with PIGO (phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class O) deficiency. We show how the clinical severity of IGDs correlates with flow cytometric analysis of blood, functional analysis using a PIGO-deficient cell line, and the degree of hyperphosphatasia. The flow cytometric analysis and hyperphosphatasia are useful for IGD diagnosis, but the expression level of GPI-anchored proteins and the degree of hyperphosphatasia do not correlate, although functional studies do, with clinical severity. Compared with PIGA (phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class A) deficiency, PIGO deficiency shows characteristic features, such as Hirschsprung disease, brachytelephalangy, and hyperphosphatasia. This report shows the precise spectrum of symptoms according to the severity of mutations and compares symptoms between different types of IGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Tanigawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruka Mimatsu
- Division of Neonatology Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fukushi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Tominaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kidokoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukako Muramatsu
- Division of Neonatology Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eriko Nishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Nomura
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hayasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Niihori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shin Nabatame
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Division of Neonatology Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun Natsume
- Department of Developmental Disability Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Wakamatsu
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|