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Martellucci S, Ralli M, Attanasio G, Russo FY, Marcelli V, Greco A, Gallo A, Fiore M, Petrella C, Ferraguti G, Ceccanti M, de Vincentiis M. Alcohol binge-drinking damage on the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 278:41-48. [PMID: 32449024 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Binge drinking is associated with several adverse effects in multiple organs. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of a binge-like-drinking on the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (VOR) using the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) and the functional Head Impulse Test (fHIT). METHODS Eleven healthy men (age range 32-35 years) with moderate drinking habits and no history of vestibular dysfunction were enrolled. A preliminary assessment of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) to check for zero alcohol value and a pre-intake evaluation of VOR using the vHIT and the fHIT were carried on. Then, the subjects were asked to take drinks with different alcohol content (8-40% ethanol by volume) according to their choice, consuming at least 5 standard drinks. Volunteers stopped drinking after 3 h. After a further 30 min, post-intake BrAC measurements and VOR analysis were repeated. RESULTS After alcohol intake, vHIT recorded an overall significant reduction of VOR gain (0.82 ± 0.07 on both sides) although the outcomes were below the normal range only in the four subjects with the highest blood alcohol levels. The post-intake fHIT outcomes were substandard in 9 participants, with a significant deterioration in performance (% of exact answers = 84.54 ± 11.05% on the left, 83.18 ± 14.53 on the right). CONCLUSIONS Binge drinking severely affects VOR; fHIT seems more sensitive than vHIT in the assessment of VOR function for complex vestibular lesions, such as those determined by ethanol, suggesting that fHIT could support vHIT in vestibular dysfunction assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Martellucci
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Attanasio
- Head and Neck Department, ENT Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Yoshie Russo
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gallo
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy. .,Section of Neurobiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy.
| | - Carla Petrella
- Section of Neurobiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- Centro Alcologico della Regione Lazio, Asl Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco de Vincentiis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Oberdick J, Sillitoe RV. Cerebellar zones: history, development, and function. THE CEREBELLUM 2012; 10:301-6. [PMID: 21822545 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-011-0306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The longitudinal and transverse zonal arrangement of axonal projections to and from the cerebellum, even more than the well-known laminar cytoarchitecture, is the hallmark of cerebellar anatomy. No model of cerebellar function, whether in motor control, cognition, or emotion, will be complete without understanding the development and function of zones. To this end, a special issue of this journal is dedicated to zones, and the purpose of this article is to summarize the research and review articles that are contained within. The special issue begins by considering some of the very first studies in the 1960s and 1970s that led to our modern understanding of this unique and defining anatomical substructure. Then, it considers the molecular analogs of longitudinal zones in the form of stripes in the cerebellar cortex and related sub-areas in the deep cerebellar nuclei, and it includes studies on the genetic underpinnings of stripes and zones. Several articles address the evolution of both embryonic clusters and adult zones across vertebrate species, and others discuss the functional and clinical relevance of zones. While we do not yet fully understand the role of zones with respect to motor behavior in all of its complexities, cerebellar function is clearly modular, and combinatorial models of complex motor movements based on multi-purpose modules are beginning to emerge. This special issue, by refocusing attention on this fundamental organization of the cerebellum, sets the stage for future studies that will more fully reveal the cellular, developmental, behavioral, and clinical relevance of zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Oberdick
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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