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Lee SG, Yoo DY, Jung HY, Nam SM, Kim JW, Choi JH, Yi SS, Won MH, Yoon YS, Hwang IK, Moon SM. Neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region, but not the dentate gyrus, are susceptible to oxidative stress in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:451-6. [PMID: 25878595 PMCID: PMC4396109 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.153695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes on antioxidant-like protein-1 immunoreactivity, protein carbonyl levels, and malondialdehyde formation, a marker for lipid peroxidation, in the hippocampus. For this study, streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into adult rats to induce type 1 diabetes. The three experimental parameters were determined at 2, 3, 4 weeks after streptozotocin treatment. Fasting blood glucose levels significantly increased by 20.7–21.9 mM after streptozotocin treatment. The number of antioxidant-like protein-1 immunoreactive neurons significantly decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region, but not the dentate gyrus, 3 weeks after streptozotocin treatment compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels, which are modified by oxidative stress, significantly increased with a peak at 3 weeks after malondialdehyde treatment, and then decreased 4 weeks after malondialdehyde treatment. These results suggest that neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region, but not the dentate gyrus, are susceptible to oxidative stress 3 weeks after malondialdehyde treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gun Lee
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong 445-907, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Seung Myung Moon
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong 445-907, South Korea
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Yoo KY, Hwang IK, Lee CH, Choi JH, Kwon SH, Kang IJ, You SG, Kim YM, Won MH. Difference of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 expression among CA1-3 regions of the gerbil hippocampus after transient cerebral ischemia. J Neurol Sci 2010; 296:13-21. [PMID: 20621308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors are important regulators of neuronal development. In this study, we observed fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the hippocampus proper (CA1-3 regions) of the gerbil at various time points after ischemia/reperfusion. In the sham-operated group, FGFR1 immunoreaction was not detected in the hippocampus proper. FGFR1 immunoreaction was first detected in non-pyramidal neurons in the CA1-3 region at 12h and 1day after ischemia/reperfusion. From 2days after ischemia/reperfusion, FGFR1 immunoreaction was found in astrocytes, not in microglial cells, in the CA1 region: FGFR1 immunoreactivity and the number of astrocytes were significantly increased at 5days post-ischemia. Western blot analysis revealed that FGFR1 protein levels were also increased from 1day after ischemia/reperfusion. These results indicate that increase of FGFR1 in astrocytes of the ischemic CA1 region may be associated with gliosis followed by delayed neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
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Cardoso TC, Ferrari HF, Garcia AF, Bregano LC, Andrade AL, Nogueira AH. Immunohistochemical approach to the pathogenesis of clinical cases of bovine Herpesvirus type 5 infections. Diagn Pathol 2010; 5:57. [PMID: 20831786 PMCID: PMC2945982 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-5-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningoencephalitis by Herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) in cattle has some features that are similar to those of herpetic encephalitis in humans and other animal species. Human Herpesvirus 3 (commonly known as Varicella-zoster virus 1), herpes simplex viruses (HSV), and equid Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) induce an intense inflammatory, vascular and cellular response. In spite of the many reports describing the histological lesions associated with natural and experimental infections, the immunopathological mechanisms for the development of neurological disorder have not been established. A total of twenty calf brains were selected from the Veterinary School, University of São Paulo State, Araçatuba, Brazil, after confirmation of BoHV-5 infection by virus isolation as well as by a molecular approach. The first part of the study characterized the microscopic lesions associated with the brain areas in the central nervous system (CNS) that tested positive in a viral US9 gene hybridization assay. The frontal cortex (Fc), parietal cortex (Pc), thalamus (T) and mesencephalon (M) were studied. Secondly, distinct pathogenesis mechanisms that take place in acute cases were investigated by an immunohistochemistry assay. This study found the frontal cortex to be the main region where intense oxidative stress phenomena (AOP-1) and synaptic protein expression (SNAP-25) were closely related to inflammatory cuffs, satellitosis and gliosis, which represent the most frequently observed neurological lesions. Moreover, MMP-9 expression was shown to be localized in the leptomeninges, in the parenchyma and around mononuclear infiltrates (p < 0.0001). These data open a new perspective in understanding the role of the AOP-1, MMP-9 and SNAP-25 proteins in mediating BoHV-5 pathogenesis and the strategies of host-virus interaction in order to invade the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Cardoso
- Department of DCCA and DCCRA, Veterinary School, Laboratory of Virology, Clovis Pestana Street, Araçatuba, 16,050-680, Brazil.
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Hwang IK, Yoo KY, Kim DW, Lee HJ, Kang HY, Lee HY, Kang TC, Choi SY, Kim YS, Won MH. Transient ischemia-induced changes of interleukin-2 and its receptor β immunoreactivity and levels in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region. Brain Res 2006; 1106:197-204. [PMID: 16814753 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interlukin-2 (IL-2) is an important cytokine in the brain: IL-2 and its receptors are involved with inflammatory processes. Chronological changes in IL-2 level in serum, and IL-2 and its receptor (IL-2 receptor beta, IL-2Rbeta) immunoreactivities and levels were examined in the hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. IL-2 level in serum significantly decreased 12 h after ischemia/reperfusion. IL-2 immunoreactivity was detected in the somata of pyramidal cells in sham-operated group. At 15 min after ischemia, IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in non-pyramidal cells as well as pyramidal cells. One day after ischemia, IL-2 immunoreactivity was lowest, and IL-2 immunoreactivity is shown in non-pyramidal cells from 2 days after ischemia. Four days after ischemia, IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in dying pyramidal cells. IL-2Rbeta immunoreactivity in the sham-operated and 15 min-3 min post-ischemic groups is detected in the cell membrane of pyramidal cells. From 3 h after ischemia, IL-2Rbeta immunoreactivity is found in cytoplasm and nuclei, but not in cell membrane. IL-2Rbeta immunoreactivity decreases from 6 h after ischemia and is shown mainly in non-pyramidal cells from 3 days after ischemia. The data of Western blot analyses for IL-2 and IL-2Rbeta was similar to the immunohistochemical data. IL-2 infusion into cerebrospinal fluid did not protect hippocampal neurons from ischemic damage. These results suggest that IL-2 and IL-2Rbeta show malfunction from 3 h after ischemia, and exogenous IL-2 does not protect ischemic neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Ki-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Hak-Ju Lee
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Microbiology, Korea Forest Research Institute, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-712, South Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kang
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Microbiology, Korea Forest Research Institute, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-712, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Yong Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym Academy of Sciences, Hallym University, Ilsong Building, Kwanyang-dong 1605-4, Dongan-gu, Anyang 431-060, South Korea; MRC Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Ho Won
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea; MRC Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea.
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