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Koski L, Berntsson E, Vikström M, Wärmländer SKTS, Roos PM. Metal ratios as possible biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127163. [PMID: 37004478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with unknown aetiology. Metals have been suspected to contribute to ALS pathogenesis since mid-19th century, yet studies on measured metal concentrations in ALS patients have often yielded conflicting results, with large individual variation in measured values. Calculating metal concentration ratios can unveil possible synergistic effects of neurotoxic metals in ALS pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate if ratios of different metal concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma, respectively, differ between ALS patients and healthy controls. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma were collected from 17 ALS patients and 10 controls. Samples were analysed for 22 metals by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS), and all possible 231 metal ratios calculated in each body fluid. RESULTS Fifty-three metal ratios were significantly elevated in ALS cases as compared to controls (p < 0.05); five in blood plasma, and 48 in CSF. The finding of fewer elevated ratios in blood plasma may indicate specific transport of metals into the central nervous system. The elevated metal ratios in CSF include Cd/Se (p = 0.031), and 16 ratios with magnesium, such as Mn/Mg (p = 0.005) and Al/Mg (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Metal ratios may be used as biomarkers in ALS diagnosis and as guidelines for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassi Koski
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elina Berntsson
- Chemistry Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Max Vikström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, St. Göran Hospital University Unit, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden
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Current status and outlook of biodegradable metals in neuroscience and their potential applications as cerebral vascular stent materials. Bioact Mater 2021; 11:140-153. [PMID: 34938919 PMCID: PMC8665265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, biodegradable metals (BMs) have emerged as promising materials to fabricate temporary biomedical devices, with the purpose of avoiding potential side effects of permanent implants. In this review, we first surveyed the current status of BMs in neuroscience, and briefly summarized the representative stents for treating vascular stenosis. Then, inspired by the convincing clinical evidence on the in vivo safety of Mg alloys as cardiovascular stents, we analyzed the possibility of producing biodegradable cerebrovascular Mg alloy stents for treating ischemic stroke. For these novel applications, some key factors should also be considered in designing BM brain stents, including the anatomic features of the cerebral vasculature, hemodynamic influences, neuro-cytocompatibility and selection of alloying elements. This work may provide insights into the future design and fabrication of BM neurological devices, especially for brain stents. The current status of the application of biodegradable metals (BM) in neuroscience was presented. We analyzed the possibility of producing biodegradable cerebrovascular Mg alloy stents for ischemic stroke treatment. Key factors in designing BM brain stents were discussed. This work may provide insights into the future design and fabrication of BM neurological devices, especially for brain stents.
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Michalke B, Berthele A, Venkataramani V. Simultaneous Quantification and Speciation of Trace Metals in Paired Serum and CSF Samples by Size Exclusion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Dynamic Reaction Cell-Mass Spectrometry (SEC-DRC-ICP-MS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8892. [PMID: 34445607 PMCID: PMC8396360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transition metals play a crucial role in brain metabolism: since they exist in different oxidation states they are involved in ROS generation, but they are also co-factors of enzymes in cellular energy metabolism or oxidative defense. METHODS Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed for iron, zinc, copper and manganese as well as for speciation using SEC-ICP-DRC-MS. Brain extracts from Mn-exposed rats were additionally analyzed with SEC-ICP-DRC-MS. RESULTS The concentration patterns of transition metal size fractions were correlated between serum and CSF: Total element concentrations were significantly lower in CSF. Fe-ferritin was decreased in CSF whereas a LMW Fe fraction was relatively increased. The 400-600 kDa Zn fraction and the Cu-ceruloplasmin fraction were decreased in CSF, by contrast the 40-80 kDa fraction, containing Cu- and Zn-albumin, relatively increased. For manganese, the α-2-macroglobulin fraction showed significantly lower concentration in CSF, whereas the citrate Mn fraction was enriched. Results from the rat brain extracts supported the findings from human paired serum and CSF samples. CONCLUSIONS Transition metals are strictly controlled at neural barriers (NB) of neurologic healthy patients. High molecular weight species are down-concentrated along NB, however, the Mn-citrate fraction seems to be less controlled, which may be problematic under environmental load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich—German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Achim Berthele
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Verduzco L, García-Pérez AL, Guerrero-Santos R, Ledezma-Pérez A, Romero-García J, Torres-Lubián JR. Bioconjugation of papain with poly( N-vinylpyrrolidone): NMR characterization and study of its enzymatic activity. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A poly(vinylpyrrolidone) end-functionalized with a carboxylic acid group (PVP–CO2H) was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)/macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthates (MADIX) polymerization mediated by 4-(O-ethylxanthyl)methyl benzoic acid. The molecular weight of the as-synthesized PVP–CO2H was estimated through UV–vis spectroscopy (Mn(UV–vis) = 7322 g/mol), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Mn(GPC) = 8670 g/mol), and 1H NMR, (Mn(NMR) = 8207 g/mol). The values obtained were close with the theoretical molecular weight (Mn(th) = 7925 g/mol). Subsequently, the preformed PVP–CO2H was activated to produce N-succinimidyl poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP–NHS). This precursor was covalently coupled to papain to produce bioconjugate PVP–papain. The functional group modifications in the PVP chain-end were observed by the variations in the chemical shift values by 1H and 13C NMR and FTIR analysis at each step of the synthesis. The molecular weight of the PVP–papain was obtained by SEC–HPLC and suggests that, on average, four or five chains of PVP–CO2H were attached to one papain molecule. Compared with papain, the PVP–papain exhibited significantly improved catalytic activity, pH, and thermal stability. Additionally, the storage studies showed that the catalytic activity of PVP–papain was about 79% versus the native enzyme (29%), and this activity was maintained even when it was stored for 25 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.E. Verduzco
- Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Quimica Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
- Departamento de Síntesis de Polímeros, Centro de Investigación en Quimica Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
| | - Ana L. García-Pérez
- Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Quimica Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
- Departamento de Síntesis de Polímeros, Centro de Investigación en Quimica Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
| | - Ramiro Guerrero-Santos
- Departamento de Síntesis de Polímeros, Centro de Investigación en Quimica Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
| | - Antonio Ledezma-Pérez
- Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Quimica Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
| | - Jorge Romero-García
- Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Quimica Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
| | - José R. Torres-Lubián
- Departamento de Síntesis de Polímeros, Centro de Investigación en Quimica Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, 25294 Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
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Theiner S, Schoeberl A, Fischer L, Neumayer S, Hann S, Koellensperger G. FI-ICP-TOFMS for quantification of biologically essential trace elements in cerebrospinal fluid – high-throughput at low sample volume. Analyst 2019; 144:4653-4660. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput ICP-TOFMS method is presented for multi-element quantification in CSF material requiring low sample volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Theiner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Anna Schoeberl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Lisa Fischer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- BOKU Vienna
- 1190 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Sophie Neumayer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Stephan Hann
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- BOKU Vienna
- 1190 Vienna
- Austria
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Willkommen D, Lucio M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Gazzaz M, Schroeter M, Sigaroudi A, Michalke B. Species fractionation in a case-control study concerning Parkinson's disease: Cu-amino acids discriminate CSF of PD from controls. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:164-170. [PMID: 29472131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is affecting about 1% of the population above 65 years. Improvements in medicine support prolonged lifetime which increases the total concentration of humans affected by the disease. It is suggested that occupational and environmental exposure to metals like iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) can influence the risk for Parkinson's disease. These metals play a key role as cofactors in many enzymes and proteins. METHODS In this case-control study, we investigated the Mn-, Fe-, Cu- and Zn-species in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by size-exclusion chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS) and the total concentration of these metals by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-sf-MS). RESULTS The investigation of total metal concentration and speciation provided only minor changes, but it produced strong significance for a number of ratios. The analysis revealed a strong change in the ratio between total concentration of Fe and the amino acid-fraction of Cu. This could be observed when analyzing both the respective element concentrations of the fraction (which also depends on individual variation of the total element concentration) as well as when being expressed as percentage of total concentration (normalization) which more clearly shows changes of distribution pattern independent of individual variation of total element concentrations. CONCLUSION Speciation analysis, therefore, is a powerful technique to investigate changes in a case-control study where ratios of different species play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Willkommen
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TU München, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Lebensmittelchemie, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Alte Akademie 10, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Malaz Gazzaz
- Uniklinik Köln, Institut I für Pharmakologie, Zentrum für Pharmakologie, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Uniklinik Köln, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924 Köln, Germany
| | - Ali Sigaroudi
- Uniklinik Köln, Institut I für Pharmakologie, Zentrum für Pharmakologie, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Köln, Germany; Universitätsspital Zürich, Klinik für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Rämistraße 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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8
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Tóth CN, Baranyai E, Csípő I, Tarr T, Zeher M, Posta J, Fábián I. Elemental Analysis of Whole and Protein Separated Blood Serum of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren's Syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:14-22. [PMID: 28124217 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are systemic autoimmune diseases with complex symptoms and pathogenesis that are still not completely understood. Several studies showed that the trace element homeostasis and also the levels of antioxidant plasma proteins are changed in autoimmune disorders; however, these results are controversial. In this study, the potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) concentrations of the serum and proteins-immunoglobulin G (IgG), transferrin (Trf), albumin (Alb), and ceruloplasmin (Cp)-separated from serum samples by affinity chromatography were determined in patients with SLE and SS. Ca and K levels were found to be decreased in the case of both disorders compared to the control group, and the competitive antagonism of Cu and Zn was also observed: elevated Cu concentration together with a lower Zn concentration was measured in the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases. After fractionation, the trace element concentration of protein containing fractions altered to that of the control group. In case of the autoimmune disorders, the highest Cu concentration was determined in the Alb-containing protein fractions while the Zn level decreased in the Alb and increased in the Cp as well as in the IgG- and Trf-containing fractions compared to the healthy samples. Changes have also been found in the level and distribution of K and Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Noémi Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analitycal Chemistry, Agilent Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Edina Baranyai
- Department of Inorganic and Analitycal Chemistry, Agilent Atomic Spectroscopy Partner Laboratory, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
| | - István Csípő
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zs. str. 22, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tarr
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zs. str. 22, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Margit Zeher
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zs. str. 22, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - József Posta
- Department of Inorganic and Analitycal Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - István Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analitycal Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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9
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Clinical applications of HPLC–ICP-MS element speciation: A review. Talanta 2016; 153:306-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Hare DJ, Rembach A, Roberts BR. The Emerging Role of Metalloproteomics in Alzheimer's Disease Research. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1303:379-89. [PMID: 26235079 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2627-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metals are increasingly recognized to have an important role in molecular processes underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). This chapter discusses the current role of metals in AD and expands on the development of metalloproteomics and how the recent advances in analytical technology will allow detailed investigation of metalloproteins. Investigation of individual metalloproteins will yield new mechanistic details about the role of metals in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J Hare
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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11
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Krasnići N, Dragun Z, Erk M, Raspor B. Distribution of selected essential (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn) and nonessential (Cd, Pb) trace elements among protein fractions from hepatic cytosol of European chub (Squalius cephalus L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2340-2351. [PMID: 22886752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Association of selected essential (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn) and nonessential (Cd, Pb) trace elements with cytosolic proteins of different molecular masses was described for the liver of European chub (Squalius cephalus) from weakly contaminated Sutla River in Croatia. The principal aim was to establish basic trace element distributions among protein fractions characteristic for the fish living in the conditions of low metal exposure in the water. The fractionation of chub hepatic cytosols was carried out by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC; Superdex™ 200 10/300 GL column), and measurements were performed by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS). Elution profiles of essential elements were mostly characterized by broad peaks covering wide range of molecular masses, as a sign of incorporation of essential elements in various proteins within hepatic cytosol. Exceptions were Cu and Fe, with elution profiles characterized by sharp, narrow peaks indicating their probable association with specific proteins, metallothionein (MT), and ferritin, respectively. The main feature of the elution profile of nonessential metal Cd was also single sharp, narrow peak, coinciding with MT elution time, and indicating almost complete Cd detoxification by MT under the conditions of weak metal exposure in the water (dissolved Cd concentration ≤0.3 μg L(-1)). Contrary, nonessential metal Pb was observed to bind to wide spectrum of proteins, mostly of medium molecular masses (30-100 kDa), after exposure to dissolved Pb concentration of ~1 μg L(-1). The obtained information within this study presents the starting point for identification and characterization of specific metal/metalloid-binding proteins in chub hepatic cytosol, which could be further used as markers of metal/metalloid exposure or effect on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrete Krasnići
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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Roos PM, Vesterberg O, Syversen T, Flaten TP, Nordberg M. Metal concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 151:159-70. [PMID: 23225075 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The cause of this degeneration is unknown, and different causal hypotheses include genetic, viral, traumatic and environmental mechanisms. In this study, we have analyzed metal concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma in a well-defined cohort (n = 17) of ALS patients diagnosed with quantitative electromyography. Metal analyses were performed with high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Statistically significant higher concentrations of manganese, aluminium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, zinc, lead, vanadium and uranium were found in ALS CSF compared to control CSF. We also report higher concentrations of these metals in ALS CSF than in ALS blood plasma, which indicate mechanisms of accumulation, e.g. inward directed transport. A pattern of multiple toxic metals is seen in ALS CSF. The results support the hypothesis that metals with neurotoxic effects are involved in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Gaier ED, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Copper signaling in the mammalian nervous system: synaptic effects. J Neurosci Res 2012; 91:2-19. [PMID: 23115049 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal present at high levels in the CNS. Its role as a cofactor in mitochondrial ATP production and in essential cuproenzymes is well defined. Menkes and Wilson's diseases are severe neurodegenerative conditions that demonstrate the importance of Cu transport into the secretory pathway. In the brain, intracellular levels of Cu, which is almost entirely protein bound, exceed extracellular levels by more than 100-fold. Cu stored in the secretory pathway is released in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and can transiently reach concentrations over 100 μM at synapses. The ability of low micromolar levels of Cu to bind to and modulate the function of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels contributes to its effects on synaptic transmission. Cu also binds to amyloid precursor protein and prion protein; both proteins are found at synapses and brain Cu homeostasis is disrupted in mice lacking either protein. Especially intriguing is the ability of Cu to affect AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a monitor of cellular energy status. Despite this, few investigators have examined the direct effects of Cu on synaptic transmission and plasticity. Although the variability of results demonstrates complex influences of Cu that are highly method sensitive, these studies nevertheless strongly support important roles for endogenous Cu and new roles for Cu-binding proteins in synaptic function/plasticity and behavior. Further study of the many roles of Cu in nervous system function will reveal targets for intervention in other diseases in which Cu homeostasis is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Gaier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3401, USA
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Roos PM, Lierhagen S, Flaten TP, Syversen T, Vesterberg O, Nordberg M. Manganese in cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:803-10. [PMID: 22859739 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxic properties of manganese (Mn) are well documented. It is less known that Mn contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders in the general population. This study presents Mn data from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a well-defined cohort diagnosed by electrophysiological methods. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were collected from patients and controls. Mn concentrations were analyzed by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Concentrations of Mn were significantly higher in ALS CSF (median 5.67 μg/L) than in CSF from controls (median 2.08 μg/L). Also, ALS CSF Mn concentrations were higher than ALS plasma Mn concentrations (median 0.91 μg/L), suggesting transport of Mn into the central nervous system. The properties of barrier systems between blood and the brain are discussed and the possibility of Mn accumulation contributing to the relentless course of ALS is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Hauser-Davis RA, Gonçalves RA, Ziolli RL, de Campos RC. A novel report of metallothioneins in fish bile: SDS-PAGE analysis, spectrophotometry quantification and metal speciation characterization by liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 116-117:54-60. [PMID: 22466355 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MT) are a validated biomarker for metal exposure. In fish they are usually determined in the liver, while some studies have observed MT in kidney, muscle and gills. There are, however, no reports on MT in fish bile. This study aimed to verify if these proteins are present in fish bile, if they can be used as biomarkers for metal exposure and to characterize the metal speciation present in the different species. Three independent methods to verify MT presence in fish bile were conducted: 1D/2D gel electrophoresis, spectrophotometric analyses and SEC-HPLC-ICP-MS. Results show that all methods verified the presence of these proteins in fish bile, while SEC-HPLC-ICP-MS also characterized also characterized metals responsible for the contamination of the studied sites. Quantification was successfully conducted by two methods, densitometry (1D electrophoresis) and spectrophotometry, and the data indicates that bile MTs follow the same trend as in liver. Therefore, Biliary MT show the potential to be used the same way as MT from other matrices in metal exposure studies, with the advantage of being a simpler matrix and showing the possibility of not sacrificing the animals, as chronic duct cannulation is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica-Rio de Janeiro-PUC-Rio, Chemistry Department, Bioanalytics Laboratory, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Gávea, CEP: 22453-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Regulation of brain iron and copper homeostasis by brain barrier systems: implication in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 133:177-88. [PMID: 22115751 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) are essential to neuronal function; excess or deficiency of either is known to underlie the pathoetiology of several commonly known neurodegenerative disorders. This delicate balance of Fe and Cu in the central milieu is maintained by the brain barrier systems, i.e., the blood-brain barrier (BBB) between the blood and brain interstitial fluid and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This review provides a concise description on the structural and functional characteristics of the brain barrier systems. Current understanding of Fe and Cu transport across the brain barriers is thoroughly examined, with major focuses on whether the BBB and BCB coordinate the direction of Fe and Cu fluxes between the blood and brain/CSF. In particular, the mechanism by which pertinent metal transporters in the barriers, such as the transferrin receptor (TfR), divalent metal transporter (DMT1), copper transporter (CTR1), ATP7A/B, and ferroportin (FPN), regulate metal movement across the barriers is explored. Finally, the detrimental consequences of dysfunctional metal transport by brain barriers, as a result of endogenous disorders or exogenous insults, are discussed. Understanding the regulation of Fe and Cu homeostasis in the central nervous system aids in the design of new drugs targeted on the regulatory proteins at the brain barriers for the treatment of metal's deficiency or overload-related neurological diseases.
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West AK, Leung JYK, Chung RS. Neuroprotection and regeneration by extracellular metallothionein via lipoprotein-receptor-related proteins. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 16:1115-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hozumi I, Hasegawa T, Honda A, Ozawa K, Hayashi Y, Hashimoto K, Yamada M, Koumura A, Sakurai T, Kimura A, Tanaka Y, Satoh M, Inuzuka T. Patterns of levels of biological metals in CSF differ among neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol Sci 2011; 303:95-9. [PMID: 21292280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We measured the levels of some biological metals: copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with neurodegenerative diseases (52 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)), 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 20 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The diagnoses were additionally supported by neuroimaging techniques for AD and PD. In ALS, the levels of Mg (p<0.01 significant difference), Fe, Cu (p<0.05), and Zn (p<0.10) in CSF were higher than those in controls. Some patients showed very high levels of Cu and Zn before the critical deterioration of the disease. In AD, the levels of Cu and Zn in CSF were significantly higher in patients with late-onset AD (p<0.01). In PD, we found significantly increased levels of especially Cu and Zn in particular (p<0.01) and Mn (p<0.05) in CSF. A multiple comparison test suggested that the increased level of Mg in ALS and that of Mn in PD were the pathognomonic features. These findings suggest that Cu and Zn in particular play important roles in the onset and/or progression of ALS, AD, and PD. Therefore, Cu-chelating agents and modulators of Cu and Zn such as metallothionein (MT) can be new candidates for the treatment of ALS, AD, and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Hozumi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Gifu University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
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Michalke B, Nischwitz V. Review on metal speciation analysis in cerebrospinal fluid—current methods and results: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 682:23-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hozumi I, Kohmura A, Kimura A, Hasegawa T, Honda A, Hayashi Y, Hashimoto K, Yamada M, Sakurai T, Tanaka Y, Satoh M, Inuzuka T. High Levels of Copper, Zinc, Iron and Magnesium, but not Calcium, in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Fahr's Disease. Case Rep Neurol 2010; 2:46-51. [PMID: 20671856 PMCID: PMC2905580 DOI: 10.1159/000313920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with marked calcification of the basal ganglia and cerebellum have traditionally been referred to as having Fahr's disease, but the nomenclature has been criticized for including heterogeneous etiology. We describe 3 patients with idiopathic bilateral striatopallidodentate calcinosis (IBSPDC). The patients were a 24-year-old man with mental deterioration, a 57-year-old man with parkinsonism and dementia, and a 76-year-old woman with dementia and mild parkinsonism. The former 2 patients showed severe calcification of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, and the latter patient showed severe calcification of the cerebellum. We found significantly increased levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the CSF of all these 3 patients. The increased levels of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mg reflect the involvement of metabolism of several metals and/or metal-binding proteins during the progression of IBSPDC. More numerous patients with IBSPDC should be examined in other races to clarify the common mechanism of the disease and to investigate the specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Hozumi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Gifu University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Su CK, Sun YC, Tzeng SF, Yang CS, Wang CY, Yang MH. In vivo monitoring of the transfer kinetics of trace elements in animal brains with hyphenated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:392-424. [PMID: 19437493 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The roles of metal ions to sustain normal function and to cause dysfunction of neurological systems have been confirmed by various studies. However, because of the lack of adequate analytical method to monitor the transfer kinetics of metal ions in the brain of a living animal, research on the physiopathological roles of metal ions in the CNS remains in its early stages and more analytical efforts are still needed. To explicitly model the possible links between metal ions and physiopathological alterations, it is essential to develop in vivo monitoring techniques that can bridge the gap between metalloneurochemistry and neurophysiopathology. Although inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a very powerful technique for multiple trace element analyses, when dealing with chemically complex microdialysis samples, the detection capability is largely limited by instrumental sensitivity, selectivity, and contamination that arise from the experimental procedure. As a result, in recent years several high efficient and clean on-line sample pretreatment systems have been developed and combined with microdialysis and ICP-MS for the continuous and in vivo determination of the concentration-time profiles of metal ions in the extracellular space of rat brain. This article reviews the research relevant to the development of analytical techniques for the in vivo determination of dynamic variation in the concentration levels of metal ions in a living animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuan Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Lutsenko S, Bhattacharjee A, Hubbard AL. Copper handling machinery of the brain. Metallomics 2010; 2:596-608. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mt00006j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Michalke B, Halbach S, Nischwitz V. JEM spotlight: metal speciation related to neurotoxicity in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:939-54. [PMID: 19436852 DOI: 10.1039/b817817h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Improved living conditions have led to a steady increase in the life expectancy of humans in most countries. However, this is accompanied by an increased probability of suffering from neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, the therapeutic possibilities for curing these diseases are very limited up to now. Many studies indicate that a variety of environmental factors contribute to the initiation and promotion of neurodegenerative diseases. For example, the role of metal exposure and disturbance of metal homeostasis in the brain is discussed in this respect. However, most studies focus on the neurological and toxicological aspects but not on a detailed characterisation of the species of the involved metals. Therefore, this review summarizes the neurotoxic effects of selected metals on humans and focuses on contributions from trace element speciation analysis with relevance to neuroscientific research. In spite of the advance in instrumentation and methodology of speciation analysis there are few applications for matrices like cerebrospinal fluid which is due to limited access to these samples and analytical challenges caused by matrix interferences, low concentrations and limited stability of many trace element species of interest. The most relevant neurotoxic metals aluminium, lead, manganese and mercury are reviewed in detail while further metals like cadmium, arsenic, bismuth and tin are briefly discussed. Current results indicate that knowledge on trace element speciation can contribute to a better understanding of the transport of metals across the neural barriers and potentially of their role in diseased human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Nischwitz V, Berthele A, Michalke B. Speciation analysis of selected metals and determination of their total contents in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples: An approach to investigate the permeability of the human blood-cerebrospinal fluid-barrier. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 627:258-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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