1
|
Shaw R, Basu M, Karmakar S, Ghosh MK. MGMT in TMZ-based glioma therapy: Multifaceted insights and clinical trial perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119673. [PMID: 38242327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the most preferred and approved chemotherapeutic drug for either first- or second-line chemotherapy for glioma patients across the globe. In glioma patients, resistance to treatment with alkylating drugs like TMZ is known to be conferred by exalted levels of MGMT gene expression. On the contrary, epigenetic silencing through MGMT gene promoter methylation leading to subsequent reduction in MGMT transcription and protein expression, is predicted to have a response favoring TMZ treatment. Thus, MGMT protein level in cancer cells is a crucial determining factor in indicating and predicting the choice of alkylating agents in chemotherapy or choosing glioma patients directly for a second line of treatment. Thus, in-depth research is necessary to achieve insights into MGMT gene regulation that has recently enticed a fascinating interest in epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Furthermore, MGMT promoter methylation, stability of MGMT protein, and related subsequent adaptive responses are also important contributors to strategic developments in glioma therapy. With applications to its identification as a prognostic biomarker, thus predicting response to advanced glioma therapy, this review aims to concentrate on the mechanistic role and regulation of MGMT gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels functioning under the control of multiple signaling dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Shaw
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24, Paraganas 743372, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A hypothetical proposal to employ meperidine and tamoxifen in treatment of glioblastoma. Role of P-glycoprotein, ceramide and metabolic pathways. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 215:107208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
3
|
Garziera M, Scarabel L, Toffoli G. Hypoxic Modulation of HLA-G Expression through the Metabolic Sensor HIF-1 in Human Cancer Cells. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:4587520. [PMID: 28781970 PMCID: PMC5525073 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4587520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is considered an immune checkpoint molecule involved in tumor immune evasion. Hypoxia and the metabolic sensor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) are hallmarks of metastasization, angiogenesis, and intense tumor metabolic activity. The purpose of this review was to examine original in vitro studies carried out in human cancer cell lines, which reported data about HLA-G expression and HIF-1 mediated-HLA-G expression in response to hypoxia. The impact of HLA-G genomic variability on the hypoxia responsive elements (HREs) specific for HIF-1 binding was also discussed. Under hypoxia, HLA-G-negative cell lines might transcribe HLA-G without translation of the protein while in contrast, HLA-G-positive cell lines, showed a reduced HLA-G transcriptional activity and protein level. HIF-1 modulation of HLA-G expression induced by hypoxia was demonstrated in different cell lines. HLA-G SNPs rs1632947 and rs41551813 located in distinct HREs demonstrated a prominent role of HIF-1 binding by DNA looping. Our research revealed a fine regulation of HLA-G in hypoxic conditions through HIF-1, depending on the cellular type and HLA-G genomic variability. Specifically, SNPs found in HREs should be considered in future investigations as markers with potential clinical value especially in metastatic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marica Garziera
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Lucia Scarabel
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar A, Nilednu P, Kumar A, Sharma NK. Epigenetic perturbation driving asleep telomerase reverse transcriptase: Possible therapeutic avenues in carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695951. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, implications of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), a component of ribonucleoprotein telomerase in aging, senescence, and stem cell are highly evident. Besides, the activation of hTERT is also being documented several cancer types including carcinoma. The awakening of telomerase during carcinoma initiation and development is being seen with different perspectives including genetic and epigenetic tools and events. In view of several tumor progenitors genes (also referred as epigenetic mediators), telomerase is placed as key enzyme to achieve the carcinoma phenotype and sustain during the progression. It is true that swaying of telomerase in carcinoma could be facilitated with dedicated set of epigenetic modulators and modifiers players. These epigenetic alterations are heritable, potentially reversible, and seen as the epigenetic signature of carcinoma. Several papers converge to suggest that DNA methylation, histone modification, and small non-coding RNAs are the widely appreciated epigenetic changes towards hTERT modulation. In this review, we summarize the contribution of epigenetic factors in the telomerase activation and discuss potential avenues to achieve therapeutic intervention in carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, India
| | - Pritish Nilednu
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, India
| | - Azad Kumar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Oliveira DM, Ferreira Lima RM, Clarencio J, Velozo EDS, de Amorim IA, Andrade da Mota TH, Costa SL, Silva FP, El-Bachá RDS. The classical photoactivated drug 8-methoxypsoralen and related compounds are effective without UV light irradiation against glioma cells. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Yaghi L, Poras I, Simoes RT, Donadi EA, Tost J, Daunay A, de Almeida BS, Carosella ED, Moreau P. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates the expression of the immune checkpoint HLA-G in glioma cells through hypoxia response element located in exon 2. Oncotarget 2016; 7:63690-63707. [PMID: 27577073 PMCID: PMC5325396 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is an immune checkpoint molecule with specific relevance in cancer immunotherapy. It was first identified in cytotrophoblasts, protecting the fetus from maternal rejection. HLA-G tissue expression is very restricted but induced in numerous malignant tumors such as glioblastoma, contributing to their immune escape. Hypoxia occurs during placenta and tumor development and was shown to activate HLA-G. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of HLA-G activation under conditions combining hypoxia-mimicking treatment and 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent used in anti-cancer therapy which also induces HLA-G. Both treatments enhanced the amount of HLA-G mRNA and protein in HLA-G negative U251MG glioma cells. Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays and luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that HLA-G upregulation depends on Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) and a hypoxia responsive element (HRE) located in exon 2. A polymorphic HRE at -966 bp in the 5'UT region may modulate the magnitude of the response mediated by the exon 2 HRE. We suggest that therapeutic strategies should take into account that HLA-G expression in response to hypoxic tumor environment is dependent on HLA-G gene polymorphism and DNA methylation state at the HLA-G locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layale Yaghi
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR E5, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Lebanese University, School of Medicine, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Isabelle Poras
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR E5, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Renata T. Simoes
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR E5, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, IEP/SCBH, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Eduardo A. Donadi
- Divisão de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Jörg Tost
- Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Fondation Jean-Dausset, Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Paris, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de Genotypage, Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Evry, France
| | - Antoine Daunay
- Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Fondation Jean-Dausset, Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Paris, France
| | - Bibiana Sgorla de Almeida
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR E5, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Divisão de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Edgardo D. Carosella
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR E5, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR E5, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Li B, de Jonge N, Björkholm M, Xu D. The DNA methylation inhibitor induces telomere dysfunction and apoptosis of leukemia cells that is attenuated by telomerase over-expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4888-900. [PMID: 25682873 PMCID: PMC4467122 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTIs) such as 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) have been used for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other malignancies. Although inhibiting global/gene-specific DNA methylation is widely accepted as a key mechanism behind DNMTI anti-tumor activity, other mechanisms are likely involved in DNMTI's action. Because telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays key roles in cancer through telomere elongation and telomere lengthening-independent activities, and TERT has been shown to confer chemo- or radio-resistance to cancer cells, we determine whether DNMTIs affect telomere function and whether TERT/telomerase interferes with their anti-cancer efficacy. We showed that 5-AZA induced DNA damage and telomere dysfunction in AML cell lines by demonstrating the presence of 53-BP1 foci and the co-localization of 53-BP1 foci with telomere signals, respectively. Telomere dysfunction was coupled with diminished TERT expression, shorter telomere and apoptosis in 5-AZA-treated cells. However, 5-AZA treatment did not lead to changes in the methylation status of subtelomere regions. Down-regulation of TERT expression similarly occurred in primary leukemic cells derived from AML patients exposed to 5-AZA. TERT over-expression significantly attenuated 5-AZA-mediated DNA damage, telomere dysfunction and apoptosis of AML cells. Collectively, 5-AZA mediates the down-regulation of TERT expression, and induces telomere dysfunction, which consequently exerts an anti-tumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingnan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nick de Jonge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Björkholm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shervington L, Patil H, Shervington A. Could the Anti-Chaperone VER155008 Replace Temozolomide for Glioma Treatment. J Cancer 2015; 6:786-94. [PMID: 26185541 PMCID: PMC4504115 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer inducible molecular chaperone HSP90 is of great importance as an anticancer target. Proteomic analysis showed that inhibiting HSP90 by the geldanamycin derivative, 17-AAG elevated the expression of the co-chaperone Hsp70. In this study we used HSP90 selective inhibitor 17-AAG and HSP70/90 dual inhibitor, VER155008 (VER) in U87-MG glioma cells. miRNAs microarray technology was used to evaluate the efficacy of these inhibitory drugs compared with temozolomide (TMZ), used as a standard treatment for glioma. Microarrays data identified 154 differentially expressed miRNAs using stringent or unstringent parameters. 16 miRNAs were overlapped between treatments, 13 upregulated and one downregulated miRNA were overlapped between TMZ and VER. The miRNA target prediction software was used for these overlapped miRNAs and identified 6 of the 13 upregulated miRNAs target methyltransferase genes. The IC50, together with Akt and HSP70 and 90 protein level data favour VER and TMZ to 17-AAG, however due to the selectivity of VER to cancer cells as a potent antichaperon, it may be more favourable to the standard TMZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amal Shervington
- Brain Tumour North West, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE. UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ajaz M, Jefferies S, Brazil L, Watts C, Chalmers A. Current and investigational drug strategies for glioblastoma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:419-30. [PMID: 24768122 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Medical treatments for glioblastoma face several challenges. Lipophilic alkylators remain the mainstay of treatment, emphasising the primacy of good blood-brain barrier penetration. Temozolomide has emerged as a major contributor to improved patient survival. The roles of procarbazine and vincristine in the procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) schedule have attracted scrutiny and several lines of evidence now support the use of lomustine as effective single-agent therapy. Bevacizumab has had a convoluted development history, but clearly now has no major role in first-line treatment, and may even be detrimental to quality of life in this setting. In later disease, clinically meaningful benefits are achievable in some patients, but more impressively the combination of bevacizumab and lomustine shows early promise. Over the last decade, investigational strategies in glioblastoma have largely subscribed to the targeted kinase inhibitor paradigm and have mostly failed. Low prevalence dominant driver lesions such as the FGFR-TACC fusion may represent a niche role for this agent class. Immunological, metabolic and radiosensitising approaches are being pursued and offer more generalised efficacy. Finally, trial design is a crucial consideration. Progress in clinical glioblastoma research would be greatly facilitated by improved methodologies incorporating: (i) routine pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments by preoperative dosing; and (ii) multi-stage, multi-arm protocols incorporating new therapy approaches and high-resolution biology in order to guide necessary improvements in science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ajaz
- Surrey Cancer Research Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - S Jefferies
- Oncology Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Brazil
- Guy's, St Thomas' and King's College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - C Watts
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Investigation into the potential for hypoxic interior of neoplasms to enhance HSPA expression in glioma. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:53-8. [PMID: 24833466 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Production of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70/HSPA) is induced by a wide range of cellular stress conditions, such as cancer and hypoxia. This study investigated the level of HSPA gene expression in human cell lines exposed to hypoxic conditions. Three human glioma cell lines were selected for this study, each representing different types of glioma (astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma), with a normal human astrocyte cell line used as a control. HSPA RNA transcripts and proteins were examined in these samples using qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry techniques. The average HSPA mRNA copy numbers detected in three glioma cell lines were approximately sixfold higher than in a normal astrocyte cell line. The expression of HSPA was induced in normal cell lines immediately after exposure to hypoxia with 33% of cells exhibiting expression. However, the effects of hypoxia on gene expression were marginal in glioma cells, due to the already increased levels of HSPA with both pre- and post-hypoxia samples showing expression in approximately 90% of cells. These results show that whilst the stress caused by both cancer and hypoxia induce HSPA expression the underlying imprint of tumourgenesis leads to sustained expression.
Collapse
|
11
|
Beaman GM, Dennison SR, Chatfield LK, Phoenix DA. Reliability of HSP70 (HSPA) expression as a prognostic marker in glioma. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:301-7. [PMID: 24833463 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Production of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70/HSPA) is induced by a wide range of cellular stress conditions, such as cancer and hypoxia, with production also being linked to tumourigenesis. HSPA mRNA transcripts and proteins were examined in three human glioma cell lines, representing astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma, plus 18 clinical brain tissue samples. GAPDH was used as a control gene throughout these studies and exhibited a consistent level of expression in a normal astrocyte cell line, tumourous cell lines and tissue samples. In contrast, the average HSPA mRNA copy numbers detected in glioblastoma tissue were between 1.8- and 8.8-fold higher than in lower grade glioma and control tissue, respectively, which is suggestive of a grade-related transcription profile. Similar patterns of grade-related expression were also observed in glioma cell lines. This study indicates for the first time that HSPA expression in glioma cells may possibly be grade related, and hence could have potential as a prognostic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Maria Beaman
- School of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wastowski IJ, Simões RT, Yaghi L, Donadi EA, Pancoto JT, Poras I, Lechapt-Zalcman E, Bernaudin M, Valable S, Carlotti CG, Flajollet S, Jensen SS, Ferrone S, Carosella ED, Kristensen BW, Moreau P. Human leukocyte antigen-G is frequently expressed in glioblastoma and may be induced in vitro by combined 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and interferon-γ treatments: results from a multicentric study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 182:540-52. [PMID: 23219427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule involved in immune tolerance processes, playing an important role in the maintenance of the semi-allogeneic fetus. Although HLA-G expression is restricted in normal tissues, it is broadly expressed in malignant tumors and may favor tumor immune escape. We analyzed HLA-G protein and mRNA expression in tumor samples from patients with glioblastoma collected in France, Denmark, and Brazil. We found HLA-G protein expression in 65 of 108 samples and mRNA in 20 of 21 samples. The absence of HLA-G protein expression was associated with a better long-term survival rate. The mechanisms underlying HLA-G gene expression were investigated in glioma cell lines U251MG, D247MG, and U138MG. Induction of HLA-G transcriptional activity was dependent of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment and enhanced by interferon-γ. HLA-G protein expression was observed in U251MG cells only. These cells exhibited a permissive chromatin state at the HLA-G gene promoter and the highest levels of induced HLA-G transcriptional activity following 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. Several antigen-presenting machinery components were up-regulated in U251MG cells after demethylating and IFN-γ treatments, suggesting an effect on the up-regulation of HLA-G cell surface expression. Therefore, because of its role in tumor tolerance, HLA-G found to be expressed in glioblastoma samples should be taken into consideration in clinical studies on the pathology and in the design of therapeutic strategies to prevent its expression in HLA-G-negative tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela J Wastowski
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cruickshanks N, Shervington L, Patel R, Munje C, Thakkar D, Shervington A. Can hsp90alpha-targeted siRNA combined with TMZ be a future therapy for glioma? Cancer Invest 2010; 28:608-14. [PMID: 20210521 DOI: 10.3109/07357901003630967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90alpha's vital role in cell cycle progression and apoptosis together with its presence in gliomas and absence in normal tissue, make it a credible target for cancer therapy. Three sets of dsRNA oligos designed to align different regions of the hsp90alpha sequence were used to downregulate hsp90alpha. SiRNA 1, 2, and 3 resulted in significant levels of silencing of hsp90alpha after 48 hr treatment (p < .0001). Concurrent treatment of the glioma cell line U87-MG with siRNA 1 and temozolomide (TMZ) resulted in a 13-fold reduction in the dose of TMZ required to achieve a similar effect if TMZ was used alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichola Cruickshanks
- Brain Tumour North West, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs regulate and maintain gene-expression states. Similar to genetic mutations, alterations in epigenetic regulation can lead to uncontrolled cell division, tumor initiation and growth, invasiveness and metastasis. Research in brain cancer, particularly gliomas, has uncovered global and gene-specific DNA hypomethylation, local DNA hypermethylation of gene promoters and the de-regulation of microRNA expression. Understanding epigenetic dysregulation in brain cancers has provided new tools for prognostication, as well as suggesting new approaches to therapy. There is significant interest in new sequencing-based technologies that map genetic and epigenetic alterations comprehensively and at high resolution. These methods are being applied to brain tumors, and will better define the contribution of epigenetic defects to tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun D Fouse
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Patties I, Jahns J, Hildebrandt G, Kortmann RD, Glasow A. Additive effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and irradiation on clonogenic survival of human medulloblastoma cell lines. Strahlenther Onkol 2009; 185:331-8. [PMID: 19440673 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-009-1956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In recent years, epigenetic modulators were introduced into tumor therapy. Here, the authors investigated the antitumor effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-(5-aza-dC-)induced demethylation combined with irradiation on human medulloblastoma (MB) cells, which form the most common malignant brain tumor in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three MB cell lines were treated with 5-aza-dC in a low-dose (0.1 microM, 6 days) or high-dose (3/5 microM, 3 days) setting and irradiated with 2, 4, 6, or 8 Gy single dose on an X-ray unit. Methylation status and mRNA expression of three candidate genes were analyzed by methylation-specific PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Cell survival and mortality were determined by trypan blue exclusion test. Proliferation was analyzed by BrdU incorporation assay, and long-term cell survival was assessed by clonogenic assay. RESULTS 5-aza-dC treatment resulted in partial promoter demethylation and increased expression of hypermethylated candidate genes. A significant decrease of vital cell count, proliferation inhibition and increase of mortality was observed in 5-aza-dC-treated as well as in irradiated MB cells, whereby combination of both treatments led to additive effects. Although high-dose 5-aza-dC treatment was more effective in terms of demethylation, clonogenic assay revealed no differences between high- and low-dose settings indicating no relevance of 5-aza-dC-induced demethylation for decreased cell survival. MB cells pretreated with 5-aza-dC showed significantly lower plating efficiencies than untreated cells at all irradiation doses investigated. Analysis of surviving curves in irradiated MB cells, however, revealed no significant differences of alpha-, beta-values and 2-Gy surviving fraction with or without 5-aza-dC treatment. CONCLUSION 5-aza-dC did not enhance radiation sensitivity of MB cells but significantly reduced the clonogenicity versus irradiation alone, which merits further investigation of its potential clinical application in MB possibly by combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Patties
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Telomerase and DNA repair in glioma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1792:275-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
18
|
Shervington A, Cruickshanks N, Lea R, Roberts G, Dawson T, Shervington L. Can the lack of HSP90alpha protein in brain normal tissue and cell lines, rationalise it as a possible therapeutic target for gliomas? Cancer Invest 2008; 26:900-4. [PMID: 18798074 DOI: 10.1080/07357900802087259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite studies suggesting a role for HSP90alpha in tumorigenesis, there are no reports as to its expression in normal human brain tissue. In this study, the expression of HSP90alpha was evaluated in both cell lines (3 gliomas and 2 controls) and brain tissue specimens of 10 patients (8 gliomas and 2 normal brain tissues). No HSP90alpha protein was detected in either normal cell lines or normal brain tissue. However, 8/8 glioma tissues and 3/3 glioma cell lines did express HSP90alpha. These findings provide a rationale for targeting HSP90alpha protein as a therapeutic candidate for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Shervington
- Neurosurgery Department, Royal Preston Hospital, Brain Tumor North West, Preston, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shervington A, Patel R. Silencing DNA Methyltransferase (DNMT) Enhances Glioma Chemosensitivity. Oligonucleotides 2008; 18:365-74. [PMID: 18928331 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2008.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Shervington
- Brain Tumour North West, Faculty of Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Rahima Patel
- Brain Tumour North West, Faculty of Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| |
Collapse
|